There is a man

The men are working

collecting the oil palm in the paddy field.
fruits
The woman is putting The women are
the bottles into a box. arranging the boxes
on the shelves.
There is a mouse
eating under the
coconut tree.

The cat caught some

mice.

- Countable nouns can be in the form

of singular and plural.
-A plural noun refers to more than
one, or many.

a) Singular nouns show one thing of :

* a person
* an animal
* a place
* a thing
b) We put the articles a or an before singular countable
nouns.
c) A is put before any word that begins with a consonant.
Examples :
1) My brother is a careless man.
2) We cross the river using a canoe.

a) Plural nouns show two or more things of :

* a person
* an animal
* a place
* a thing
b) Plural nouns are divided into 2 groups
1) regular plurals
2) irregular plurals
Examples :
1) We are good friends.
2) They are Mr. Lees children.

CHANGING SINGULAR
TO
PLURAL NOUNS
There are certain rules
need to be followed when
we are changing singular
noun to plural noun

Rule No.
1

Adding s to the singular form in order to

make them plural
Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Cottage

Cottages

Girl

Girls

Year

Years

Singer

Singers

Month

Months

Pilot

Pilots

Day

Days

Peacock

Peacocks

Noun

Nouns

Carrot

Carrots

Song

Songs

Instrument

Instruments

Street

Streets

Canoe

Canoes

Paper

Papers

Office

Offices

Ruler

Rulers

Bank

Banks

Rule No.
2

Adding -es to nouns that end with s,

sh, ch and x.
Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Abacus

Abacuses

Sandwich

Sandwiches

Dress

Dresses

Crutch

Crutches

Bus

Buses

Watch

Watches

Octopus

Octopuses

Coach

Coaches

Fish

Fishes

Tax

Taxes

Wish

Wishes

Fox

Foxes

Bush

Bushes

Box

Boxes

Class

Classes

Glass

Glasses

Church

Churches

Sash

Sashes

Rule No.
3

If the noun ends in o and there is a

consonant before the
o, the plural is usually formed by adding s
to the singular.
Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Motto

Mottos

Banjo

Banjos

Kimono

Kimonos

Halo

Halos

Piano

Pianos

Zero

Zeros

Solo

Solos

Dynamo

Dynamos

Video

Videos

Radio

Radios

Photo

Photos

Kangaroo

Kangaroos

Rule No.
4
4

For some nouns, that end with o, we add

es to make them plural.
Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Cargo

Cargoes

Buffalo

Buffaloes

Echo

Echoes

Mango

Mangoes

Hero

Heroes

Volcano

Volcanoes

Tomato

Tomatoes

Potato

Potatoes

Rule No.
5

If the noun ends in y and there is a consonant

5 before the y, the plural is usually formed by
changing y to i and add es.
Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Story

Stories

Scenery

Sceneries

Butterfly

Butterflies

Lady

Ladies

Diary

Diaries

City

Cities

Candy

Candies

Aunty

Aunties

Lorry

Lorries

Factory

Factories

Baby

Babies

Party

Parties

Army

Armies

Gallery

Galleries

Country

Countries

Injury

Injuries

Rule No.
6

If the noun ends in y and there is a

vowel before the y, the plural is usually
formed by changing s to the singular.
Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Day

Days

Valley

Valleys

Donkey

Donkeys

Toy

Toys

Monkey

Monkeys

Guy

Guys

Key

Keys

Play

Plays

Boy

Boys

Way

Ways

Changing f , fe, to ves

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Elf

Elves

Calf

Calves

Knife

Knives

Loaf

Loaves

Hoof

Hooves

Wolf

Wolves

Leaf

Leaves

Wife

Wives

Life

lives

Thief

Thieves

Rule No.
8
8

Adding s to nouns ending with f and fe

Singular

Plural

Singular

Plural

Lift

Lifts

Beef

Beefs

Roof

Roofs

Caf

Cafes

Chief

Chiefs

Dwarf

Dwarfs