Professional Documents
Culture Documents
overview
Illingworth 1987
Developmental Milestones
Children develop from being totally
dependent newborns to independent
individuals by the acquisition of skills
Range of normality in the acquisition of
skills
Development follows an orderly process in
a cephalic to caudal direction
Principles
Listen to parents-partnership
May need to see a child a second time
Opportunistic pick up
The state of the child-take into account
Distinguish between developmental items
reported and those observed
(3-4yrs)
Developmental Milestones
4 fields with a sequence of development
Gross Motor - the development of
locomotion
Vision and fine manipulation - the
development of eye-hand control
Hearing & speech - the devt. of language
Personal & social - integration of acquired
abilities to reflect understanding of env.
Developmental Milestones
Birth prone: pelvis high, knees under abdo
6-8 weeks smiles to maternal overtures
fixes & follows
prone:
pelvis flat, hips extended
ventral: briefly
holds head up
3 months holds head up, good eye contact
holds rattle in hand
turns to sound ear level
Developmental Milestones
4-5 months able to reach out for object
6 months transfers hand to hand
Chews, babbles
sits with hands forward
lifts head
spont from supine
10 months index finger approach
finger thumb apposition waves bye-bye,
Developmental Milestones
13 months casting objects
walks without support
single
words
15 months feeds self from cup
domestic mimicry
18 months casting stops ,tower of 3
Walking well, scribbles
Developmental Milestones
2 years
3 years
Causes of arrested/deteriorating
development
Common
Emotional deprivation
Intercurrent illness eg malabsorption
Acute cerebral injury eg encephalitis,
trauma
Seizures: uncontrolled, prolonged
Drugs eg phenytoin excess
Causes of arrested/deteriorating
development
Uncommon/rare
Hydrocephalus
Metabolic eg hypothyroidism, lead poisoning
Degenerations - Infections: AIDS, SSPE
- Genetic: Wilsons Dx
Huntingtons
Chorea,
Lysosomal storage dx
Familial feature
Environmental - deprivation, practice
Mental subnormality
Hypotonia (Downs Syn)
Hypertonia (Cerebral Palsy)
Neuromuscular problems (DMD)
Bottom shuffling
Visual impairment
Video
Developmental examination of a
child from birth to 18 months