POLYSEMY

Polysemy is a term to refer to a word which has a

set of different meaning which are related by
extension. Example:
Word

Word

Word

Back

Eye

Foot

A set of different
meaning
Human back

A set of
different
meaning

A set of different
meaning

The back of the chair

Human eye

The back of the sofa

The eye of a
needle

The back of the knife

The back of the hand
The back of the head
The back football player

The eye of a
potato
The hook and
an eye
Human foot

Human foot
The foot of a bed
The foot of a
hill/mountain

HOMONYMY
Homonymy is a term that refers to one form, which is the
same in both written and spoken with two or more
unrelated meanings. Some examples are:
Bank

: of a river : of a financial institution

Pupil

: student : in the eye

Mole

: an animal

: a small dark mark on the skin

: a stone wall built in the sea

CONT
Sole

: of the shoes

: fish
Leaf

: of a tree

: of a book

HYPONYMY
Another sense relation is hyponymy. Hyponymy involves the
notion of inclusion. Hyponymy is a term to refer to a set or a
group of words that are included in a higher term a word. The
higher or upper term or word is called a super ordinate and
the lower is term called a hyponymy. We have one word that
can be described in other kinds that have relation with the
word.

CONT

Some example are:

Vegetable

: carrots , cabbage , spinach , lettuce

Avian

: duck , goose , cock , hen , canary

Bird

: swallow , crane , woodpecker , quail

Feline

: tiger , lion , cat , leopard , puma , cheetah

Bovine : cow , bull , buffalo , bison

MERONYMY

Meronymy comes from the Greek words Meros:

part and Anoma: name . A meronym denotes a
constituent part of a member of something. That
is:
X is a meronymy of Y if Xs are parts of Y
X is a meronymy of Y if Xs are parts of Y
Some example are :
Finger is meronym of hand
Chin is meronym of face
Boughs is meronym of tree
Wheel is meronym of auto
Sleeve is meronym of shirt

COLLOCATION
Collocation is a term to refer to words that end to
appear together or words that tend to keep
company. Frequent examples of collocation are
onomatopoeic words that are words which are
formed by imitating the sounds associated with
the thing concerned. Collocation is what the
general sign that animal has usually in sounds.
Some examples are:

A horse neigh
A cat mews / meows
A cock crows
A hen cackles

IDIOMS
An idiom is also a type of collocation, which there is a big difference
between a collocation and an idiom. In most collocations, the
conceptual meaning of the words that collocate is maintained, while in
an idiom, the meaning of the idiom cannot be traced from the meaning
of the individual words that collocate. An idiom is a group of words
with a new meaning which is quite different from the meaning of the
words individually. Some English idioms are:
Idiom
Put up with
Meaning
Tolerate , endure
Idiom
Red herring
Meaning
Introduce irrelevant matter to distract attention from the subject