Global Positioning

Satellite System (GPS)

Presentedby

Chellasundari & Pourna

 GPS SYSTEMS

NAVSTAR GLONASS
GPS Segments

 Space Segment: the constellation of

satellites

 Control Segment: control the satellites

 User Segment: users with receivers

GPS SEGMENTS
Space Segment

 System consists of 27 satellites in the

operational mode: 24 in use and 3
spares
3 other satellites are used for testing
 Altitude: 20,200 Km
GPS Orbits
 Control Segment

Master Control Station is located at the

Consolidated Space Operations Center
(CSOC) at Flacon Air Force Station near
Colorado Springs
Control Segment
GPS Transmitted Signal
 Two signals are transmitted on carriers:
L1 = 1575.42 MHz
L2 = 1227.60 MHz
These are derived from the system clock of
10.23 MHz (phase quadrature)
 Modulation used is Direct Sequence Spread

Spectrum
(code division multiple access - CDMA)
Transmission of data

Amplitude modulation

Frequency modulation

Phase modulation
Amplitude modulation of a data signal onto a
carrier signal
equency modulation of a data signal onto a carrier
gnal
Phase modulation of a data signal onto a carrier
GPS Clock Signals
 Two types of clock signals are
transmitted
 C/A Code - Coarse/Acquisition Code
available for civilian use on L1
provides 300 m resolution
 P Code - Precise Code on L1 and L2
used by the military provides 3m
resolution
 GPS Signals
 The satellites transmit as part of their unique
Spread Spectrum signal a clock or timing signal
 The range or distance to the satellite is obtained
by measuring how long it takes for the
transmitted signal to reach the receiver
 This is not the “true” range due to clock errors -
what is obtained is know as the “pseudo-range”
GPS Position
 By knowing how far one is from
three satellites one can ideally find
their 3D coordinates
 To correct for clock errors one
needs to receive four satellites
GPS: How does it work?
 Typical receiver: one channel C/A code on L1
 During the “acquisition” time you are
receiving the navigation message also on L1
 The receiver then reads the timing
information and computes the “pseudo-
ranges”
 The pseudo-ranges are then corrected
GPS: How does it work?
 Corrected ranges are used to
compute the position
 This is a very complicated iterative
nonlinear equation
Navigation Message
 To compute your position one must know
the position of the satellite
 Navigation Message - transmitted on both
L1 and L2 at 50 bits/s for 30 s
 Navigation message consists of two parts:
- satellite almanac
- clock bias
Differential GPS
 Used to improve accuracy
 Put a “satellite” on the ground at a
precise position
 Differential signal is not
“transmitted” on standard satellite
frequencies
Uses of GPS
 Airplane and Boat Navigation
 Continental Drift
 Surveying
 Precise Timing
 Iceberg Tracking
 Archaeological Expeditions
 Mobile Multimedia
Conclusion
 GPS will find more civilian uses
 DOD has promised to eliminate SA
 Russia has a system known as
GLONASS
 The EU is discussing deploying its
own system