Machine Solution

Iftikhar Reza ( Iftikhar Reza | Facebook )
Assistant Engineer, JGTDSL
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Machine
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IRh- M1- volume 1.3
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Facebook Page: EEE Career Academy

YouTube channel: Lighten up.EEE (Bangla) 1
Index
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Topic Math range Page
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Transformer 1-63 4-117
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Induction Motor 64-109 119-181
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Alternator 110-153 183-237
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Synchronous Motor 154-174 239-270
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D.C. Generator 175-189 272-297
D.C. Motor 190-214 299-336

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Transformer
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1. Equivalent circuit
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𝑍𝑀 = 𝑅0  𝑗𝑋0 = 𝑅𝑐  𝑗𝑋𝑀
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calculation of R 0 & X 0 & I0 been ignored for approximate analysis  𝐈𝟏  𝑰𝟐′
Its better not to work with 𝑹𝟎𝟏 & 𝑿𝟎𝟏

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While approximation, its better not to find out 𝒁𝒊𝒏 & 𝑷𝒊𝒏
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𝑅0 & 𝑋0 has no effect on regulation while approximation

2. 𝐸𝑥 = 4.44 𝑓 𝑁𝑥
𝐸1 = 4.44 𝑓 𝑁1
𝐸2 = 4.44 𝑓 𝑁2
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Transformation ratio
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1 𝑁2 𝐸2 𝐼1
=k= = = 
𝑎 𝑁1 𝐸1 𝐼2
3.
𝑅02 = 𝑅2 + 𝑅1′ = 𝑅2 + 𝐾 2 𝑅1
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𝑅2 𝑅2 + 𝑘 2 𝑅1 𝑅02
𝑅01 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2′ = 𝑅1 + = =
𝐾2 𝐾2 𝐾2
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4.
𝐼1 = 𝐼0 + 𝑘𝐼2
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𝑉1 = 𝐸1 + 𝐼1 𝑍1
𝐸2 = 𝑉2 + 𝐼2 𝑍2
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5. I0 −0 = 𝐼𝑤 − 𝑗𝐼
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6.
O.C. Test:
Normally H.V. side is kept open, done for rated voltage
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( 𝑰𝟐 = 𝟎, 𝑰𝟏 = 𝑰𝟎 (𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒚 𝒔𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒍)
𝑽𝟏 = 𝑬𝟏 + 𝑰𝟎 𝒁𝟏  𝑬𝟏 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑂. 𝐶. 𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 )
(when 𝑽𝟏𝜭 = 𝑬𝟏𝜭 = 𝟎 𝒐𝒓 𝑽𝟏  𝑬𝟏 𝒂𝒔 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 )
Re
𝑉1 𝑉1
𝑅0 = =
𝐼0 𝐶𝑜𝑠 0 𝐼𝑤
𝑉1 𝑉1
𝑋0 = =
𝐼0 𝑆𝑖𝑛 0 𝐼
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Actually
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(Core Power) 𝑺0 = 𝐸1 𝐼0∗ = 𝑊0 + 𝑗𝑄0
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I0 −0 = 𝐼𝑤 − 𝑗𝐼
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|𝐸1 |
𝑊0 = Re ( 𝐸1 𝐼0∗ ) = = |𝑰𝟎 |𝟐 𝑹𝒆(𝒁𝑴 )
𝑅0
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= 𝐸1 𝐼0 cos(𝐸1𝛳 − 0 )
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(𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑥 32.25)

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⃗⃗⃗⃗1
𝐸
ZM = R 0  jX0 =
𝐼⃗⃗⃗0
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|𝑬𝟏 |𝟐 𝐸1
𝑅0 = =
𝑷𝒄 𝐼0 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝐸1𝛳 − 0 )
If
|𝑬𝟏 |𝟐 𝐸1
𝑋0 = =
𝑸𝒄 𝐼0 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (𝐸1𝛳 − 0 )

7.
E  𝑓𝐵𝑚
Hysteresis Loss, 𝑊ℎ  𝑓𝐵𝑚

1.6
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Eddy current Loss, 𝑊𝑒  𝑓 2 𝐵𝑚
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8.
S.C. Test:
Normally L.V. side is short-circuited, done for rated current
𝑉𝑠𝑐 = 𝐼𝑠𝑐 𝑍𝑜𝑥
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𝐼𝑠𝑐 = ?
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𝑊𝑠𝑐 = 𝐼𝑠𝑐2 𝑅𝑜𝑥
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9.
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%R = % Cu Loss
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𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑦

= × 100 % = × 100 %
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴
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10.
efficiency,
𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 𝑝𝑓
× 100%
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𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 𝑝𝑓 + 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 + ( ) × 𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 𝑝𝑓
× 100%
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= 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴 2
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴 × 𝑝𝑓 + 𝑥 + (𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐾𝑉𝐴) × 𝑦

11.
For Max efficiency: 𝑚𝑎𝑥
Cu Loss equals to Core Loss
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𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
KVA for 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = Full Load KVA √
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
𝑥
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= Full Load KVA √
𝑦
KVA for 𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑝𝑓

 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = × 100%
KVA for 𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑝𝑓 + 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
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KVA for 𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑝𝑓
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= × 100%
KVA for 𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑝𝑓 + 𝑥 + 𝑥
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Regulation
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(According to B.L. Threza)

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Page: 1156-1157
If

(According to Hubert) P-69 (exact equation without cosidering the Core)
%𝒓𝒆𝒈𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = √(𝑹𝒑𝒖 (𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅) + 𝑪𝒐𝒔)𝟐 + (𝑿𝒑𝒖 (𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅)  𝑺𝒊𝒏)𝟐 − 𝟏
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𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟏′ −𝐕𝟐 
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%𝐫𝐞𝐠 =  𝟏𝟎𝟎% =  𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟐 
𝑉2
where 𝑉2′ = , 𝑉1′ = 𝐾𝑉1
𝐾
(According to Chapman, P-100)
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𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟏′ −𝐕𝟐 

%𝐫𝐞𝐠 =  𝟏𝟎𝟎% =  𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟐 
𝑉2
where 𝑉2′ = , 𝑉1′ = 𝐾𝑉1
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(According to Hadi Saadat, P-71)
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𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟏′ −𝐕𝟐 

%𝐫𝐞𝐠 =  𝟏𝟎𝟎% =  𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟐 
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𝑉2
where 𝑉2′ = , 𝑉1′ = 𝐾𝑉1
𝐾

13. Load Sharing
𝑍𝐴−1
𝑺𝐴 = 𝑺∗
𝑍𝐴−1 + 𝑍𝐵
−1
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𝑍𝐵−1
𝑺𝐵 = 𝑺∗
𝑍𝐴−1 + 𝑍𝐵
−1
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1.
(a) When a transformer is connected to a 1000-v, 50 Hz supply; the core loss is 1000 W of which 650 W is
hysteresis and 350 W is eddy current loss. If the applied voltage is raised to 2000-v and the frequency to
100 Hz. Find the new core losses
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Ans: 1300 W, 1400 W
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(b) * PGCB-2021
When a transformer is connected to a 240-v, 25-Hz supply; Hysteresis Loss is 846 w; what will be this loss
at 240-v, 60-Hz
Ans: 500.3151086 w
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2. **
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Ans: 3494.214 W, 1210 W; 3195.77 W, 1000 W; 3300 W, 1210 W

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3. ** (Hubert Exc 2-7/5)
A single phase transformer has the following data
75-kVA, 480/120-v
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Hysteresis loss 215 w & Eddy current loss 115 w.
Magnetizing current is 2.5% rated current. Transformer is operating in step-up mode. Determine
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(i) Exciting current
(ii) No-Load power factor
(iii) Reactive power input at no-Load
Ans: 15.86515443 A; 0.173; 1875 W
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4.
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Ans: 0.572 A, 0.182 A; 0.476 A, 0.15 A
(a)
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5.
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Ans: 5.92215 A, 73.5704
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6. *
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7. *
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Ans: 275 A, 152.42 KW
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8. *
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Ans: 0.4472 (lagging), 5.59
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9.
(a) *
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Ans: 4.019228992% (Hubert), 4.02% (Threza)
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(b) * (Hubert Ex-2.11, P-71)
25-kVA, 7620/480-V distribution transformer is supplying a 10-KVA load at 0.65 power factor lagging.
The percent IR drop and the percent IX drop are 1.2 and 1.4, respectively. Determine the transformer
regulation for the specific load.
Ans: 0.7375631592%
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Solve:
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Assume 𝑉2 = 480 𝑣
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10.
(a) *
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Ans: 40 kW, 7.814655776%
Assume 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟒𝟏𝟓 𝒗
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(b) **
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Ans: 114.2+800i ; 5.118980208%

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(c) *
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Ans: 3.718314512%
Assume 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒗
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11. **
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Find
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(a) Iron loss

(b) Working component of no-Load current
(c) Magnetizing component of no-Load current
(d) 𝑅0 =? & 𝑋0 =?
Ans: 29.85 W, 0.136363̈ A, 0.4810456929 A; 1620.237521 , 456.9976947 

Solve:
𝑷𝒊𝒏 = |𝑰𝟏 |𝟐 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑾𝟎  𝑾𝟎 = 29.85 w
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12. ** (Hubert Ex 2.5)
A 75-KVA, 4800-240 v, 60-Hz, 1-phase Transformer has the following data:
𝑅1 =2.488  𝑋1=4.8384 
𝑅2 =0.006  𝑋2=0.0121 
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𝑅0 =44202 
𝑋0 =7798.6 
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The transformer is delivering ½ rated load at rated voltage at 0.96 p.f. lagging. Determine
(i) input impedance

(ii) actual input voltage at the H.V.side
(iii) voltage regulation
(iv) Transformer efficiency
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(v) Exciting current
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(vi) input impedance if the Load is dis-connected
Ans: 599.159243720.94988481 , 4861.4870620.717818798 v, 1.280980463%, 97.72577692%,
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0.6287365429-79.62579112, 7685.18244279.98222441 ;
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Solve: here V2 is taken as as reference V2= 240 v  V2= 2400

start to solve from reference side. here exact analysis
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240
 K= = 0.05
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4800/240-v
4800
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Load: × 75 = 37.5 kVA, V2 = 240 v, CosØ2 = 0.96 (lag)
2

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Verification
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Approximate solution for regulation

( when 𝒁𝑴 >> 𝒁𝟎𝟏 )
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Method 1
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Method 2
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13. **
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& voltage regulation=?
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Ans: 46.00877926(Lagging), 87.39120185%, 18.40841389%
Solve:
Here V2 is taken as as reference V2= 500 v  V2= 5000
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14. ** (Chapman Exc 2-2)
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=?
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Ans: 8197.5357090.3311607135 v, 2.469196361%, 96.51068961%
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Solve:
V2 is taken as as reference  V2= 480 v  V2= 4800

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If
480
8000/480-v K = = 0.06
8000

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15. **
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Find Primary power factor, efficiency, voltage regulation, secondary output terminal voltage=?
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Ans: Cos 33.67421931, 78.90752365%, 3.002916282%, 223.2946486-1.079275579
(Exactly same as B.L. Threza)
Solve:
230
𝐾= = 0.1
2300
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Here V1 is taken as as reference  V1= 2300 v
 V1= 23000
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𝑍𝐿
𝑍𝐿′ = = 38.7 + j29
𝑘2
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𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 + [ 𝑅0  𝑗𝑋0  ( 𝑅2′ + 𝑗𝑋2′ + 𝑍𝐿′ ) ]
= 42.1025876933.67421931 
𝑉1
𝐼1 = = 54.62847122 − 33.67421931 𝐴
𝑍𝑖𝑛
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𝐸1 = 𝑉1 − 𝐼1 (𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 ) = 2265.019045 − 0.6203791539 𝑣
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𝑍𝐿′
 𝑉2′ = 𝑅2′ + 𝑗𝑋2′ +𝑍𝐿′
𝐸1 = 2232.946486 − 1.079275579 𝑣
𝑉2′
𝐼2′ = = 46.17341388 − 37.92547 𝐴
𝑍𝐿′
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Primary Power factor = Cos [ 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑍𝑖𝑛 ) ] = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 33.67421931 = 0.8322 (lag)
Ans
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∗
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑅𝑒 ( 𝑉2′ 𝐼2′ ) 82.507.78659
= = × 100% = × 100%
𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑒 ( 𝑉1 𝐼1∗ ) 104562.6358
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If
= 78.90752365% Ans
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| 𝑉1 | − | 𝑉2′ |
Voltage regulation = × 100% = 3.002916282%
| 𝑉2′ |
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𝑉2
𝑉2′ =
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 𝑉2 = 𝑘 𝑉2′ = 223.3946486 − 1.079275579 𝑣

𝑘
Ans

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If primary applied voltage is 7967 v, Find secondary voltage, voltage regulation=?
When Load impedance is 3.2 + j1.5 
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Ans: 218.5193357-3.040018123 v, 4.819671551%;
Solve: Here exact analysis can’t be done.  approximate analysis
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If

𝑅01 = 80 , 𝑋01 = 300 
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230
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K= = 0.02875 ,
8000
𝑍𝐿
𝑍𝐿′ = = 3871.455577+j1814.744802
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𝑘2
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𝑉1 = 7967 𝑣
If
𝐸1 = 𝑉1 = 7967 𝑣
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𝑍𝐿′
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𝑉2′ = × 7967 = 7600.672548 − 3.040018123 v

80 + 𝑗300 + 𝑍𝐿′
If
| 𝑉1 | − | 𝑉2′ |
Voltage regulation = × 100% = 4.819671551%
| 𝑉2′ |
Ans
A single-phase power system is shown in the Figure below. The Power source feeds a 100-kVA, 14/2.4-
kV transformer through a feeder impedance of 40 + j150 . The transformer’s equivalent series
impedance referred to low-voltage side is
0.12 + j0.5 . The load on the transformer is 90-kW at 0.85 pf lagging at 2300 V
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Find
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(i) Voltage at the power source=?
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(ii) system voltage regulation=? & Transformer voltage regulation=?
(iii) overall efficiency=?
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Ans: 14437.149843.72152241 v; 7.606085763%, 0.7339543074%; 97.03967655%, 99.7182235%
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Solve: Here V2 is taken as as reference  V2= 2300 v  V2= 23000

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ar
If
kh
ti
If

18.
(a) (Chapman Exc 2.14 )
za
Re
Ans: 0.9988492093
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) * (Chapman Ex 2.3, P-97 )
za
Re
The base values for the system are chosen to be 480-v and 10-kVA at the generator
Find voltage across the Load=?
Voltage regulation=?
za
ar
Ans: 237.1812183-0.5940058609 v, 1.188450627%, 4871.819875 W, 28.12746516 W
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

19.
(a)
za
Re
Ans: 35625.22218∠1.658234898 v, Cos 38.52813254, 94.72654%
za
ar
Re
kh
(b) ** (Gupta Ex-3.6) P-58

ti
A 3-phase load of 1-MW at a power factor of 0.8 lagging is supplied by a 30-kV line of resistance 25
ohm and inductive reactance 12 ohm per phase. The voltage across the load is 10 kV. A 30/10 kV
transformer step downs the voltage at the receiving end. The equivalent resistance and reactance of the
ar
transformer as referred to 10-kV side are 0.8 ohm and 2.5 ohm respectively. Find sending end voltage and
If
regulation.
Ans: 31.937696780.62 kV, 6.46%
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

20.
(a) *
za
Re
Ans: 247.69335881.573155856 KV, 249.72184531.789910608 KV
za
ar
Re
kh
(b)
ti
ar
If
kh
Ans: 13.3461167793.621171583 kV
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

21. **
za
Ans: 0.4387209057
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

22. * (Hubert Ex 2.9)
A Single-phase transformer, rated 50-KVA, 7200/600 v is supplying rated KVA at 600-v at 0.75
p.f. lagging.
The percent resistance and reactance are 1.3 and 3.8, respectively. Determine
za
(a) secondary voltage when the load is disconnected (No-Load secondary voltage)
(b) input voltage that must be applied to the primary in order to obtain rated secondary voltage when
Re
carrying rated load at 0.75 p.f. lagging
Ans: 621.0455853 v, 7452.547023 v
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

23. ** (Hubert Ex 2.6)
A 37.5-KVA, 2400-600 v, 60-Hz, 1-phase Transformer has the following data:
R01= 2.8 , X01=6
za
If 2400 v is applied to the primary &
Re
a load impedance of 1020  is connected to the low side. Determine
(i) Zin=?
(ii) voltage across the load=?
Ans: 164.749759521.62797776 , 582.7019127-1.627977761 v
Solve:
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
600
= 0.25
If
K=
2400
𝑍𝐿 1020
kh
𝑍𝐿′ = = = 16020 
𝑘2 𝑘2
𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 + 𝑍𝐿′ = 164.749759521.62797776  Ans

ti
𝑍𝐿′
𝑉2′ = 𝑉1 = 2330.807651 -1.627977761 v
𝑅01 +𝑗𝑋01 + 𝑍𝐿′
If
𝑉2
𝑉2′ =  𝑉2 = 𝑘 𝑉2′ = 582.7019127-1.627977761 v
𝑘
Ans
24. **
za
Find
Re
(a) Iron loss
(b) Working component of no-Load current
(c) Magnetizing component of no-Load current
(d) 𝑅0 =? & 𝑋0 =?
Ans: 29.85 W, 0.136363̈ A, 0.4810456929 A; 1620.237521 , 456.9976947 
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Solve: 𝑷𝒊𝒏 = |𝑰𝟏 |𝟐 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑾𝟎  𝑾𝟎 = 29.85 w
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

25. *
za
Re
Ans: 500 v, 0.7448594196-63.43494882 A, 166.5556296 W, Core Loss=166.4446665 W;
23.40939982 V, 40 A, 880 W
Solve:
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Short-circuit test
Method 1 exact analysis considering the Core
za
Assume reading on primary  secondary short-circuited  𝐼2 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
Re
za
ar
K= 0.5
Re
10×103
kh
𝐼2 = = 40 𝐴
250
𝐸2 = 𝐼2 (0.5 + 𝑗0.1) = 20 + 𝑗4
ti
𝐸1 = 40 + 𝑗8
ar
𝐸1 14 6
If
𝐼0 = = −𝑗
1 375 125
1500 + (𝑗750)−1
−1
kh
 I1 = I0 + kI2 = 20.03739083 − 0.1372534014 A = Isc Ans

ti
V1 = Vsc = E1 + (0.2 + j0.4) = 46.8456836119.97809079 v Ans

If
∗ )
𝑊 = 𝑊𝑠𝑐 = 𝑅𝑒(𝑉𝑠𝑐 𝐼𝑠𝑐 = 881.4087396 𝑤 Ans

Method 2 Approximate analysis without considering the core
za
Re
10×103
K= 0.5; 𝐼2 = = 40 𝐴 , 𝐼1 = Isc = 20𝐴 Ans
250
𝐸2 = 𝐼2 (0.5 + 𝑗0.1) = 20 + 𝑗4 𝐸1 = 40 + 𝑗8
za
ar
𝑉𝑠𝑐 = 𝐸1 + 𝐼1 (0.2 + 𝑗0.4) = 44 + 𝑗16 = 46.8187996419.98310652 𝑣 Ans
∗ )
𝑊 = 𝑊𝑠𝑐 = 𝑅𝑒(𝑉𝑠𝑐 𝐼𝑠𝑐 = 880 𝑤 Ans
Re
kh
ti

ar
If
kh
ti
10×103
K= 0.5; 𝐼2 = = 40 𝐴 , 𝐼1 = Isc = 20𝐴 Ans
If
250
𝐸2 = 𝐼2 (𝑅02 + 𝑗𝑋02 ) = 22 + 𝑗8 𝐸1 = 44 + 𝑗16 = 𝑉𝑠𝑐 Ans

∗ )

Assume reading on secondary  primary short-circuited  𝐼1 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
za
Re
10×103
𝐼1 = = 20 𝐴 , 𝐼2 = Isc = 40𝐴 Ans
500
za
𝐸1 = 𝐼1 (𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 ) = 44 + 𝑗16
ar
Re
𝐸2 = 22 + 𝑗8
kh
 𝑉𝑠𝑐 = 𝐸2 = 22 + 𝑗8 = 23.4093998219.98310652 𝑣 Ans

ti
∗ )
ar
If
Method 5
kh
ti
If

26. *
𝑅02 = 0.55  , 𝑋02 = 0.225 
za
Re
Ans: 500 v, 0.7453559925-63.4353559925 A, 166.666666666 W;
23.76972865 V, 40 A, 880 W
Solve:
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

A 15-KVA, 8000/230-v distribution transformer has an impedance referred to the primary of 80 + j300 .
The components of the excitation branch referred to the primary side are R C = 350 k and XM = 70 k.
Load impedance is 3.2 + j1.5 
za
If primary applied voltage is 7967 v, Find secondary voltage, voltage regulation &  =?
Ans: Ans: 218.5193357-3.040018123 v, 4.819671551%; 96.57285314%
Re
Solve:
230
K= = 0.02875 ,
8000
𝑍𝐿
𝑍𝐿′ =
𝑘2
za
= 3871.455577+j1814.744802
ar
𝑉1 = 7967 𝑣
Re
kh
𝐸1 = 𝑉1 = 7967 𝑣 𝑅01 = 80 , 𝑋01 = 300 

ti
𝑍𝐿′
𝑉2′ = × 7967 𝐸1
80 + 𝑗300 + 𝑍𝐿′ 𝐼2′ =
𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 + 𝑍𝐿′
ar
= 7600.672548 − 3.040018123 v
If
= 1.777651 − 28.15485301 A
Voltage regulation
| 𝑉1 | − | 𝑉2′ |
kh
∗
= × 100% 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑅𝑒 (𝑉2′ 𝐼2′ ) = 12233.9664 w
| 𝑉2′ |
= 4.819671551% Ans
y = Cu Loss = |𝐼2′ |2 𝑅01 = 252.8034 𝑤
ti
𝑉2 |𝐸1 |2
𝑉2′ = x = Core Loss = = 181.3516829 𝑤
𝑘 𝑅𝑐
 𝑉2 = 𝑘 𝑉2′
If
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
= 218. 5193357-3.040018123 v  = × 100% = 96.5728%
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑥+𝑦
Ans Ans

28. **
za
Calculate
Also Find voltage regulation=?
Re
Ans: 257.35380640.8854656465 v, 96.28762807% (96.39844691%), 2.941522577%
Solve:
For  only, follow 36
S.C. Test reading on secondary
za
20-v, 12 A, 100 W
ar
20 5

Re
𝑍02 = =
kh
12 3
100
𝑅02 = = 0.694̇ 
122
ti
𝑋02 = √ 𝑍02
2 2
− 𝑋02 = 1.515098905 
ar
If
kh
ti
If
500
250/500-v 𝑘 = =2
250
Core Loss = 80 𝑤 (250 v)
za
𝑉2 = 500 𝑣
Re
𝐼2 = 10 𝐴, Cos2 = 0.8 (Lagging)
𝐼⃗⃗⃗2 = 10 − 36.87 𝐴
za
ar
𝐸2 = 𝑉2 + ⃗⃗⃗
𝐼2 (𝑅02 + 𝑗𝑋02 ) 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑅𝑒 (𝑉2 𝐼2∗ ) = 4000 𝑤
2
= 514.70761290.8854656465 v |𝐸1 |
Re
𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = ( ) × 80 𝑤
kh
250
𝐸2
𝐸1 = = 84.7756̈ 𝑤
𝑘
ti
= 257.35380640.8854656465 v 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = |𝐼2 |2 𝑅02 = 69. 4̇ 𝑤

ar
If
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡
𝑉1 = 𝐸1  = × 100%
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 +𝑥+𝑦
= 257.35380640.8854656465 v
kh
Ans = 96.287628% Ans
Voltage regulation
ti
| 𝑉1 | − | 𝑉2′ |
= × 100%
| 𝑉2′ |
= 2.941522577% Ans
If

29. **
za
Ans: %reg = 3.872958742%; 6.855615277 kV
Solve:
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

𝑉𝐴 (𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑)
𝑅𝑝𝑢 (𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑) = 𝑅02 ×
za
𝑉22
𝑉𝐴 (𝐹. 𝐿. )
Re
𝑅𝑝𝑢 (𝐹. 𝐿. ) = 𝑅02 ×
(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒)2
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

30. **
za
Ans: 6261.795253-2805415387 v, 5.401082812%
Solve: 𝑽𝟐 & 𝒁𝑳 both unknown
Re
2-MVA 6.62
𝑍02 = 0.07 ×  = 1.5246 
2
33/6.6-kV
 Y 𝑅02 = 𝑅2 + 𝑘 2 𝑅1 = 0.08 + 𝑘 2 × 8
za
= 0.1866 
ar
̇
6.6÷√3
𝑘 =
33 2
𝑋02 = √𝑍02 2
− 𝑅02 = 1.5131294̇ 
Re
kh
ti
2×103
Full Load, 𝐼2 =  − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1
0.75 (Line = phase)
√ 3 ×6.6
ar
If
kh
ti
If

𝑉1 = 33000 𝑣 = 𝐸1 (Line = phase)
𝐸2 / 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑘(𝐸1 / 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒) = 3810.511777 v
za
𝑉2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝐸2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 − 𝐼2 (𝑅02 + 𝑗𝑋02 )
Re
= 3615.249175-2.805415387 v
𝑉2 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 6261.795253-2.805415387 v
Ans
za
ar
|𝑉1′ |− |𝑉2 |
%𝑟𝑒𝑔𝐹.𝐿. = |𝑉2 |
× 100% ( phase values of 𝑉1 & 𝑉2 ) where 𝑉1′ = 𝑘𝑉1
Re
kh
= 5.401082812% Ans
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

31. **
za
Ans: 1.185987636 kW
Solve:
Re
𝑽𝟐 & 𝒁𝑳 both unknown
100-kVA, 3300/400-v 100×103

F.L. 𝐼2 =  − 36.87 𝐴
 Y 400√3
= 144.3375673 − 36.87 A
400÷√3
za
𝑘 =
ar
3300
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
𝑅02 = 𝑅2 + 𝑘 2 𝑅1 = 0.03714110805 
ti
𝑦 = 𝐹. 𝐿. 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 3|𝐼2 |2 𝑅02 = 2321.319253 𝑤
100×0.8×103
𝐹.𝐿. = = 0.958
If
80000+𝑥+𝑦
 𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 1185.987636 𝑤 Ans

32. *
za
Ans: -1.590216047%, 447.1100152-2.225656524 v
Re
Solve: 𝑽𝟐 & 𝒁𝑳 both unknown
100-kVA
80
𝑘= = 0.2
400
za
ar
100×103
F.L 𝐼1 = 36.87 = 45. 45̈36.87 A
2200
Re
𝐼1
kh
𝐼2 = = 227. 27̈36.87 𝐴
𝑘
ti
ar
If
kh
𝐸1 = 2200 − 𝐼1 (0.3 + 𝑗1.1) = 2219.613919 − 1.24383419 v
𝐸2 = 𝑘𝐸1 = 443.9227838 − 1.24383419 v

ti
𝑉2 = 𝐸2 − 𝐼2 (0.01 + 𝑗0.035) = 447.1100152 − 2.225656524 v

Ans
If
|𝑉1′ |− |𝑉2 |
%reg = × 100% = -1.590216047% (where 𝑉1′ = 𝑘𝑉1 )
|𝑉2 |
Ans

33. **
za
Ans: 401.9079497-3.852006493 v, 92. 77872275%
Hints: x = core Loss = 100 w (200 v)
Re
Solve:
𝑉2 = 𝑘𝑉2′ = 401 − 𝑗27
4-kVA, 200/400-v Ans
400 𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠

𝑘= =2
200
za
2
ar
|𝐸1 |
Full Load, = ( ) × 100 𝑤
200
4×103
𝐼2 =  − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1
0.8
400
Re
= 121 𝑤
kh
= 10 − 36.87 A
3
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑, 𝐼2 = 7.5 − 36.87 A
4 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 152 × 0.5 𝑤
ti
= 112.5 𝑤
ar
3
If
×4×103
 = 4
× 100%
3000+𝑥+𝑦
kh
= 92.77872275% Ans
𝐼2′ = 𝑘𝐼2 = 15 − 36.87 A

ti
𝐸1 = 220 𝑣
If
 𝑉2′ = 𝐸1 − 𝐼2′ (𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 )
= 200.5 − 𝑗13.5 = 200.954-3.852 v

34.
(a) *
za
Re
za
ar
Ans: 160k, 38.44732241k; 38.4 , 191.7936391 
Re
kh
O.C. Test reading on primary
8000 v, 0.214 A, 400 W

ti
400 = 8000 × 0.214 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠0

 0 = 76.48824464
ar
If
8000
kh
𝑅0 = = 160 𝑘
0.214 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠0
ti
8000
𝑋0 = = 38.447 𝑘
0.214 × 𝑆𝑖𝑛0
If

(b) **
za
Calculate
Also Find voltage regulation=?
Re
Ans: 257.35380640.8854656465 v, 96.28762807% (96.39844691%), 2.941522577%
Solve:
For  only, follow 36
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c) **
za
Ans: 966.7452354-1.009952549 v, 3.439868473%
Re
Solve:
5-kVA, 200/1000-v
1000
k = =5
200
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(d) ** reference Chapman Ex-2.5, P-103 (Assume 𝑉2 = 1 𝑝𝑢)
za
Ans: 91.26178832% , 7.855806919%
Solve :
Re
1- transformer ; 10-kVA, 500/250-v k=0.5
Core Loss = 200 W (250v secondary = 500v primary)
Cos = 0.8 (Lagging)

S.C. Test reading on secondary
za
10×103
 − 36.87 A
ar
F.L. I2 =
15v, 30A, 300W 250
= 40 − 36.87 A
15
 𝑍02 = = 0.5
Re
30 𝐸2 = 𝑉2 + 𝐼2 (𝑅02 + 𝑗𝑋02 )
kh
300 1
= 269.63951730.8342017323 v
𝑅02 = =
302 3 𝐸2
𝐸1 = = 539.27903460.8342017323
ti
𝑘
2 2 √5 v
𝑋02 = √𝑍02 − 𝑅02 =
6
𝑉1 = 𝐸1 = 539.27903460.8342017323 v
ar
If
𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′ 
 %reg = = 7.855806919%
𝐕𝟐′ 
Ans
kh
2
𝐄𝟏 
𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = ( ) × 200
500
ti
Assume 𝑉2 = 250 𝑣 = 232.6575017 W

40 2
(reference Chapman Ex-2.5, P-103 (Assume 𝑉2 = 1 𝑝𝑢) 𝑦 = 𝐹. 𝐿. 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = ( ) × 300
30
If
2
= 533.3333̇ 𝑤 = 𝑰𝟐  𝑅02
10×0.8×103
 = 8000+𝑥+𝑦
× 100% = 91.26178832% 𝐴𝑛𝑠

(e)
za
Re
Ans: 3.718314512%
Assume 𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟓 𝒌𝒗
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(f) **
za
Ans: 180 , 28.93830837 ; 0.24348673 , 0.360090249 ;
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

35. *** (Chapman Exc 2-10)
za
Re
Ans: 14641.39741.909608067 v, 6.102810151%
Solve:
100 × 3 = 300-kVA
za
ar
7967√3 / 480 − 𝑣
Y 
Re
kh
480
k =
7967
ti
S.C.test reading on primary (Y) (one transformer)

ar
560-v, 12.6 A, 3300W
If
560
𝑍01 = = 44. 4̇ 
kh
12.6
3300
𝑅01 = = 20.786 
12.62
ti
2
𝑋01 = √𝑍01 2
− 𝑅01 = 39.28418273 
If

za
Re
za
ar
Load 300-kVA, 𝑉2 = 480 𝑣 (), Cos2 = 0.85 (𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)
Re
300×103
 𝐼2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 =  − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.85 = 208.33̇-31.78̇ A
kh
3×480
𝐼2
𝐼2′ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑘 ( ) = 12.55177608 − 31.78833062 A
ti
𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑉1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉2′ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 + (𝐼2′ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒)(𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 )

ar
If
𝑉2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
= + (𝐼2′ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒)(𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 )
kh
= 8453.2108851.909608067 v
ti
𝑉1 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = √3 𝑉1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 14641.390741.909608067 v

Ans
If
|𝑉1′ |− |𝑉2 |
%reg = |𝑉2 |
× 100% = 6.102810151%
Ans

36. ** (Chapman Exc 2-18) reference Chapman Ex-2.5, P-103 (Assume 𝑉2 = 1 𝑝𝑢)
za
Re
za
ar
Ans: 3.796256212% , 97.18665017%
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

480 / √3
3×25= 75 − kVA, 24000 / 277√3 v = 24000 / 480-v,  / Y; k =
24000
Core Loss = 945 W (24000v primary)
za
S.C. Test reading on primary ()
75×103
F.L. I2 =  − 25.84 A (line=phase)
Re
1600 v, 2 A, 1150 W 480√3
= 90.21 − 25.84 A
2 1150
(phase) 1600 v, A, 𝑊 𝐼2′ = 𝑘𝐼2 = 1.04166̇ − 25.84 A (line=phase)
√3 3
1600
 𝑍01 =
2/√3
𝐸1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉2′ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝐼2′ (𝑅01 + 𝑗𝑋01 )
za
= 24911.101492.623453837 v
ar
1150/3
𝑅01 = = 287.5 
(2/√3)2
𝑉1 = 𝐸1 = 24911.101492.623453837 v
Re
2
𝑋01 = √𝑍01 2
− 𝑅01 = 1355.486536 
kh
𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′ 
 %reg =
ti
(phase values)
𝐕𝟐′ 
= 3.796256212%
ar
If
Ans
2
𝐄𝟏 
𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = ( ) × 945
kh
24000
Assume 𝑉2 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 480 𝑣 = 1018.111135 𝑤
𝑉2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 480/√3 𝑣 2

ti
𝑦 = 𝐹. 𝐿. 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 3𝑰′𝟐  𝑅01

= 935.8723958 𝑤
𝑉2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
 𝑉2′ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 =
𝑘
If
75×0.9 ×103
= × 100%
Cos2 = 0.9 (Lagging) 67500+𝑥+𝑦
= 97.18665017% Ans

37. ** (Chapman Exc-2.7)
za
Re
Ans: 3.85566908%, 97.59836912%
Solve:
13.8
za
5-MVA, 230/13.8-kV, 𝑘 = = 0.06
ar
230
Core Loss = 44.9 𝑘𝑊 (230 − 𝑘𝑉 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦)
Re
kh
𝑅𝑝𝑢 = 0.01, 𝑋𝑝𝑢 = 0.05 ( based on 5-MVA, 13.8-kV )

ti
ar
If
Load: 4000-kW, 13.8-kV, Cos2 = 0.8 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)

kh
5-MVA, 13.8-kV, Cos2 = 0.8 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)
 𝑅𝑝𝑢 (𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) = 0.01, 𝑋𝑝𝑢 (𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) = 0.05

ti
%𝑟𝑒𝑔𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = (√(𝑅𝑝𝑢 (𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑋𝑝𝑢 (𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑)  𝑆𝑖𝑛)2 − 1) × 100%

If
= 3.85566908% Ans

13.82
𝑅02 = 0.01 × = 0.38088 
5
13.82
= 1.9044 
za
𝑋02 = 0.05 ×
5
Cos2 = 0.8 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)
Re
Load: 4000-kW, 13.8-kV,
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑𝟖𝟎𝟎 𝒗
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
4000 |𝑉1′ |− |𝑉2 |

 − 36.87 A %reg = × 100%
ar
𝐼2 = |𝑉2 |
If
13.8 × 0.8
= 3.85566908% Ans
𝐸2 = 𝑉2 + 𝐼2 (𝑅02 + 𝑗𝑋02 )
kh
= 14324.4 + 𝑗469.2 2
𝐄 
= 14332.082331.87606961 𝑣
𝟏
𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = (230000 ) × 44.9 𝑘𝑊
= 48.42914 𝑘𝑊
𝐸2
 𝐸1 =
ti
𝑘 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = |𝐼2 |2 𝑅02 × 10−3 𝑘𝑤

= 238868.03891.87606961 𝑣
= 50 𝑘𝑊
If
4000
𝑉1 = 𝐸1 = 238868.03891.87606 𝑣  = × 100%
4000 + 𝑥+𝑦
= 97.59836912% Ans

38. *** (Chapman Exc-2.7)
za
Re
Ans: 2.742465737%, 97.51162009%
Solve:
13.8
5-MVA, 230/13.8-kV, 𝑘 = = 0.06
230
za
ar
Core Loss = 44.9 𝑘𝑊 (230 − 𝑘𝑉 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦)
Re
𝑅𝑝𝑢 = 0.01, 𝑋𝑝𝑢 = 0.05 ( based on 5-MVA, 13.8-kV )
kh
ti
Load: 6000-kW, 20-kV, Cos2 = 0.8 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)
7.5-MVA, 20-kV, Cos2 = 0.8 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)

ar
If
7.5 13.8 2
 𝑅𝑝𝑢 (𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) = 0.01 × ×( ) = 0.0771415
5 20
kh
7.5 13.8 2
𝑋𝑝𝑢 (𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑) = 0.05 × ×( ) = 0.0357075
5 20
ti
%𝑟𝑒𝑔𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = (√(𝑅𝑝𝑢 (𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑) + 𝐶𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑋𝑝𝑢 (𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑)  𝑆𝑖𝑛)2 − 1) × 100%

If
= 2.742465737% Ans

13.82
𝑅02 = 0.01 × = 0.38088 
5
13.82
𝑋02 = 0.05 × = 1.9044 
za
5
Load: 6000-kW, 20-kV, Cos2 = 0.8 (𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)
Re
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒗
za
ar
Re
kh
6000 |𝑉1′ |− |𝑉2 |

%reg =
ti
𝐼2 =  − 36.87 A |𝑉2 |
× 100%
20 × 0.8
= 2.742465737% Ans
ar
𝐸2 = 𝑉2 + 𝐼2 (𝑅02 + 𝑗𝑋02 )
If
2
𝐄 
= 20548.493151.354195733 𝑣
𝟏
𝑥 = 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = (230000) × 44.9 𝑘𝑊
= 99.55157331 𝑘𝑊
kh
𝐸2
 𝐸1 =
𝑘 𝑦 = 𝐶𝑢 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = |𝐼2 |2 𝑅02 × 10−3 𝑘𝑤
= 342474.88581.35419 𝑣 = 53.56125 𝑘𝑊
ti
6000
𝑉1 = 𝐸1 = 342474.88581.35419 𝑣  = × 100%
6000 + 𝑥+𝑦
If
= 97.51162009% Ans

39. ** (DESCO-2019)
Input Power, 𝑃𝑆 =?
With respect to Power dissipated by 18 
za
Re
za
ar
Ans: 1.75
Solve:
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

40. *** (Dhaka Wasa-2018)
𝑉𝑆 =? 𝐼𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑝. 𝑓. =?
For ideal Transformer when
𝑉2 = 120 𝑣, 𝑃𝑆 = 5600 𝑤 (input power)
za
Re
za
ar
Ans: 240.28339752.783020754 v, 0.9988205698 (Lagging)
Solve:
Re
kh
Hints: k=??
𝑽′𝟐 = ? ? ?
Apply voltage divider rule
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

41.
Phasor Diagram
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

42.
(a)
za
Ans: 160.3567451 kVA, 98.04349249%; 96.85230024%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Ans: 4.0733244414 kW, 8.072504576 kW; 98.86614828%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c)
za
Ans: 92.57283545%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(d) *
ti
ar
Ans: 3.805768773%
If
kh
ti
If

(e) *
Ans: 97.56101051%
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(f) *
ti
Ans: 95.62514941%, 96.52509653%

ar
If
kh
ti
If

(g) * (Hubert Ex 2.13)
100-KVA, 4800/240-v, 60-Hz transformer has core loss, resistance loss and leakage reactance loss
expressed in percent are 0.45, 1.46 and 3.38 respectively. Determine the efficiency at 70% load with 0.8
power factor lagging.
Ans: 97.96135425%
za
Re
za
43. ** (Hubert Ex 2.8)
ar
The percent resistance and reactance of a 75-kVA, 2400-240 v, 60-Hz transformer are
0.9% and 1.3%, respectively.
Re
Determine high-side fault current if an accidental short-circuit of 0.016 ohm (resistive) occur at the
kh
secondary when 2300 v is impressed across the primary.

Ans: 920.2650745-23.54536638 A
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

44. *
za
Ans: 3.9204 , 7.780064771 , 8.7 ohm; 378.7878-63.25631605 A
Solve:
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

* (Hubert Exc 2-25/12)
A 500-KVA, 7200/240-v, 60-Hz transformer with 2.2% impedance was severely damaged as a result of a
dead short-circuit across the secondary terminals. Determine
(i) Short-circuit current
za
(ii) Required percent impedance of a replacement transformer that will limit the Low-side short-circuit
current to 60,000 A
Ans: 94696.9697 A; 3.472̇%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

45. ***
za
Re
Ans: 200.3962361-78.43986921 A
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

46. (Hubert Exc 2-9/5)
7200/240-v, 60-Hz transformer is connected for step-up operation and 14446  load is connected to the
secondary. Assume the transformer is ideal and the input voltage is 220v at 60-Hz, Determine
(i) Secondary voltage
za
(ii) Secondary current
(iii) Primary current
(iv) Zin Ans: 6600 v; 45.83̇ -46 A; 1375 A; 0.1646 
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

47.
(a) * (Gupta Ex-3.3) P-55 (Stevenson Junior Ex-2.12) P-75
A 3-pahse 3-winding Y-Y-∆ transformer is rated as under
za
Primary 132 kV 30 MVA
Secondary 11 kV 20 MVA
Re
Tertiary 6.6 kV 10 MVA
The result of short circuit tests are under:
Secondary short circuited, tertiary open circuited, primary excited

X = 7% on 132-kV, 30-MVA base
za
ar
Secondary open circuited, tertiary short circuited, primary excited
Tertiary short circuited, primary open circuited, secondary excited
Re
kh
Find 𝑋1 , 𝑋2 , 𝑋3 = ??
Ans: 0.05, 0.02, 0.04 pu

ti
Solve:
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) * (Stevenson Ex6.8 P-154)
The three phase rating of a three winding transformer are:
za
Primary: Y-connected, 66-kV, 15 MVA
Secondary: Y-connected, 13.2-kV, 10 MVA
Re
Tertiary: -connected, 2.3-kV, 5 MVA
Neglecting resistance, the leakage impedances are
𝑍𝑝𝑠 = 7% on 15-MVA, 66-kV base
𝑍𝑝𝑡 = 9% on 15-MVA, 66-kV base
za
ar
𝑍𝑠𝑡 = 8% on 10-MVA, 13.2-kV base
Find per-unit impedances of the star-connected equivalent circuit for a base of 15-MVA, 66-kV
Re
kh
in the primary circuit.
Ans: 0.02, 0.05, 0.07 pu

same as previous math
ti
ar
If
48.
kh
ti
If

49.
(a)
za
Re
Ans: 97.62789465%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Ans: 89.5592741%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
= 89.5592741%
ti
If

50.
(a) *
za
Ans: 95.31142359%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Ans: 96.97886955%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

51.
(a)
za
Re
Ans: 63.07808485; 62.1031511 kVA
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Ans: 471.1257364 ; 281.1655279 kVA
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c)
za
Ans: 609.0319214, 392.8137862 kVA
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

52.
za
Ans: 1.5460295155 times normal current of 200 kVA unit
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

53.
(a)
za
Ans: 25.09486359-70.92166306 A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Ans: 315.6565̈ A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

54.
za
Re
Ans: 80%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

55. (Ex-32.89)
Determine the core area, number of turns and position of tapping point for a 500-kVA, 50-Hz, single-phase,
6600/5000-V auto transformer, assuming the following approximate values: emf per turn 8 V. Maximum
flus density 1.3 Wb/𝑚2
za
Ans: 277 cm2
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

when connected as additive/subtractive polarity
za
𝐾𝑉𝐴𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝐾𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜
=
𝐾𝑉𝐴2 𝐾2
Re
Hadi Sssdat: P-79, Chapman: P-113
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

56.
(a) *
A 2-winding transformer is connected according to following figure
za
Re
za
ar
If this transformer is re-connected as a auto-transformer in additive polarity. Find rating of both
Transformer=? Also find 𝐼𝑐 =?
Re
Ans: 48 VA, 1008 VA, 0.2 A
kh
ti
(b) A 2-winding transformer rated 48-VA, 240/12-v. If this transformer is re-connected as a auto-
ar
transformer in additive polarity.
If
Find rating of Transformer=? Also find 𝐼𝑐 =?

Ans: 1008 VA, 0.2 A
kh
(c)
ti
A 2-winding transformer rated 60-VA, 120/10-v. If this transformer is re-connected as a auto-

transformer in additive polarity.
If
Find rating of Transformer=? Also find 𝐼𝑐 =?

Ans: 780 VA, 0.5 A

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(d) * (Ex-32.90)
A 20-KVA, 2400/240-V, two-winding transformer is connected as an auto transformer with additive

polarity.
Calculate
za
(i) KVA rating of auto transformer
(ii) 𝐼𝑐
(iii) overload of primary winding when used as auto transformer
Re
𝐼 (𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜)−𝐼1 (2−𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔)
Ans: 220 kVA, 8.33̇ A, 1 𝐼1 (2−𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔)
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

57. ** (Ex-32.90)
A 20-KVA, 2400/240-V, two-winding transformer is connected as an auto transformer with subtractive

polarity as mentioned in the figure.
za
Calculate KVA rating of auto transformer
Re
Ans: 180 KVA
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

58.
(a) *
za
Re
za
Ans: 3.985 w
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Re
Ans:
3.64-105.84
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

59.
(a) **
za
Re
Ans: 360-kVA; 99.31034483%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) **
za
Re
Ans: 21 KVA, 96%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

60. ***
za
Ans: 97.97602166%, 22.72̈
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

61. *
Ans: 1500 w, 1500 w
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

62. *
za
Re
Ans: 550 kVA; 50 kW, 500 kW
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

63. ** (Hubert Ex 3.1)
A 400 turn auto-transformer operating in step-down mode with 25% tap,

Supplies a 4.8-KVA, 0.85 p.f. lagging load. The Input to the transformer is 2400-v, 60-Hz.
Determine
za
(i) Transformed current (𝐼𝑐 )
(ii) Conductively transformed power
(iii) Inductively transformed power
Re
Ans: 6-31.78833062 A; 1020 W; 3060 W
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Induction
Motor Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

120𝑓
Synchronous speed, 𝑁𝑠 =
za
𝑃
𝑁𝑠 −𝑁𝑘 𝑓′
Slip, 𝑆𝑘 = =
𝑁𝑠 𝑓
𝑅2 𝑁𝑠 −𝑁𝑏
Slip for Max Torque, 𝑆𝑏 = =
Re
𝑋2 𝑁𝑠
E2
Rotor current, I2 = 𝑅2
𝑠
+j𝑋2
𝑅
3×60 𝐸22 2
𝑠
Torque, 𝑇𝑘 = 2 (when only rotor side is given)
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 𝑅2
 𝑠 +j𝑋2 
za
ar
3×60 𝐸22
𝑇𝑏 = (when only rotor side is given)
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 2𝑋2
Re
𝑇𝑘 2 𝑆𝑘 𝑆𝑏
=
kh
𝑇𝑏 𝑆𝑘2 + 𝑆𝑏2
𝑠𝑣 2
T
𝑓
𝑠𝑣
I
ti
𝑓
P = T, PTN
ar
If
kh
2 2 𝑅′
𝑉𝑡ℎ
ti
3×60 𝑠 𝑷𝟐 ×60 𝑷𝒎 ×60

𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑇𝑔 = 2 = = (rotor input Torque)
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 𝑅2′ 2𝜋 𝑁𝑠 2𝜋 𝑁
 𝑠
+ 𝑍𝑡ℎ 
(Chapman, P-408, P-398)
If
𝑷𝟐 ×60 𝑷𝒎 ×60 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 × 60

(rotor input Torque) 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑇𝑔 = = , 𝑇𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠 2𝜋 𝑁 2𝜋𝑁

Rotor Cu Loss = 𝒔𝑷𝟐 = 3 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐
za
𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃2 + 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 + 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠
 𝑃1 = 𝑃2 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑠𝑐𝑢
Re
𝟑 𝑬𝟐𝟏
 𝑷𝟏 = 𝑷𝟐 + + 3 𝑰𝟐𝟏 𝑹𝟏
𝑹𝟎
𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑚 + rotor Cu Loss
za
 𝑷𝟐 = 𝑷𝒎 + 𝟑 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐 = 𝑷𝒎 + 𝒔𝑷𝟐
ar
Re
kh
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑔𝑒 & 𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 + stray Loss
 𝑷𝒎 = 𝑷𝒐𝒖𝒕 + 𝑷𝒘 + stray Loss (Chapman, P-394)

ti
Mechanical Loss = 𝑷𝒘 = 𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒈𝒆 & 𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔

ar
If
No-Load Loss = 𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒆 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 + 𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒈𝒆 & 𝑭𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔 + 𝒔𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒚 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔
kh
Stator Input = 𝑃1
ti
Stator Output = Rotor input = 𝑃2
Rotor Cu Loss = 𝒔𝑷𝟐 = 3 𝑰𝟐𝟐 𝑹𝟐

If
Mechanical Power developed = 𝑃𝑚
Rotor output = Motor Output = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡

za
Re
za
Euqivalent Circuit of an Induction Motor (it’s a rotating transformer )
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Thevenin Equivalent check for 𝑅0 & Core Loss. It will be difficult to find 𝑅0 from Core Loss.
also Thevenin Equivalent without 𝑅0
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

2 𝑅2′
3×60 𝑉𝑡ℎ 𝑷𝟐 ×60 𝑷𝒎 ×60
𝑠
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑇𝑔 = 2 = = (rotor input Torque)
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 𝑅2′ 2𝜋 𝑁𝑠 2𝜋 𝑁
 +𝑍𝑡ℎ 
𝑠
za
Re
Vth 𝑍𝑀
I2′ = 𝑅′2
= 𝑅 ′ 𝐼1 (current divider rule)
𝑠
+ 𝑍𝑡ℎ 𝑍𝑀 +( 𝑠2 +𝑗𝑋2 )
𝐼0 = 𝐼1 − 𝐼2′
za
ar
2 𝑅2 2 𝑅2′
𝑃2 = 3𝐼2  = 3𝐼2′ 
𝑠 𝑠
Re
𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑚 + 𝑠𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 𝐼22 𝑅2
kh
ti
2 1 2 1
𝑃𝑚 = 3 𝐼2  𝑅2 ( − 1 ) = 3 𝐼2′  𝑅2′ ( −1)
𝑠 𝑠
ar
If
kh
𝑷𝟐 ×60 𝑷𝒎 ×60
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑇𝑔 = = (rotor input Torque)
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠 2𝜋 𝑁
ti
If

za
Re
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑇𝑏 when 𝑃2 is Max
za
ar
According to Max. Power transfer theorem,
𝑅2′
Re
= 𝑍𝑡ℎ 
kh
𝑅2′
 s=
ti
𝑍𝑡ℎ 
𝑅2′
 𝑠𝑏 =
ar
If
𝑍𝑡ℎ 
kh
ti
If

64. **
za
Ans: 473.6991837 Nm = 48.3366514 Kg.m
Solve:
Re
Y-Y connected IM; 𝑍𝑡ℎ = 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 + 𝑗𝑋2′
350 = 0.25 + 𝑗1.4988
𝑘=
420
420
𝑉𝑡ℎ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣
√3
za
ar
𝑅1 = 0.25 Ω , 𝑋1 = 0.75 Ω
1 + 0.173
𝑅2′ =
Re
= 1.68912 Ω
kh
𝑘2
0.52
𝑋2′ = = 0.7488 Ω
𝑘2
ti
ar
420
If
120×50
𝑉1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣 𝑁𝑠 = = 1000 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
√3 6
𝑅′
kh
2 2
3×60 𝑉𝑡ℎ 𝑠
∴ 𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 2 (s=1)
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠 𝑅2′
 𝑠
+ 𝑍𝑡ℎ 
ti
= 473.6991837 𝑁𝑚
= 48.3366514 𝑘𝑔. 𝑚
If
Ans

65. ***
za
Find Slip at Maximum toque developed=?
Ans: 29.72085001%
Solve:
Re
Y-connection
𝑅1 = 0.4 Ω , 𝑋1 = 1 Ω
𝑅2′ = 0.6 Ω , 𝑋2′ = 1 Ω
za
ar
𝑅0 ‖ 𝑗𝑋0 = (10 + 𝑗50) Ω
Re
kh
According to Max. Power transfer

theorem,
ti
𝑅2′
= 𝑍𝑡ℎ 
𝑠𝑏
ar
If
𝑅2′
⇒ 𝑠𝑏 =
𝑍𝑡ℎ 
kh
𝑍𝑡ℎ = 𝑋2′ + [ (𝑅0 ‖ 𝑗𝑋0 ‖ (𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 ) ] ⇒ 𝑠𝑏 = 0.2972085001

ti
= 𝑗1 + [ (10 + 𝑗30) ‖ (0.4 + 𝑗1) ] ⇒ 𝑠𝑏 = 29.72085001%

= 0.3881645971 + 𝑗1.981115918
If
Ans
= 2.0118784792∠78.91433997°

66. **
Ans: 143.6764596 𝑘𝑊 , 12.0771344%
za
Solve:
Y-connected IM
Re
400
𝑉1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣
√3
𝑅1 = 0.06 Ω , 𝑋1 = 0.2 Ω
According to Max. Power transfer
za
ar
𝑅2′ = 0.06 Ω , 𝑋2′ = 0.22 Ω theorem,
Re
𝑅2′ ( − 1 ) = 𝑍𝑡ℎ 
kh
𝑠𝑏0
1
⇒ 𝑠𝑏0 = = 12.0771344%
ti
|𝑍 |
1+ 𝑡ℎ
𝑅2′
Ans
𝑉𝑡ℎ
ar
𝐼2′ (𝑏0) =
If
1
𝑍𝑡ℎ = 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 + 𝑅2′ + 𝑗𝑋2′ 𝑍𝑡ℎ + 𝑅2′ ( −1)
𝑠𝑏0
kh
= 0.12 + 𝑗0.42 = 331.1216587∠ − 37.027°A
= 0.4368065934∠74.0546041° 1
∴(𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 3|𝐼2 |2 𝑅2′ (
ti
−1)
𝑠𝑏0
400 = 143.6764596 𝑘𝑊
If
𝑉𝑡ℎ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣
√3
(𝑃0 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝑃𝑤 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥
=143.6764596 𝑘𝑊 Ans
67. * (Hubert Ex 5.2, 5.3)
A 60-Hz, 15-hp, 460-v, 6-pole, Y-connected Induction motor is driving a centrifugal

pump at 1185 rpm. The combined friction, windage and stray power losses are 166 W.
za
Parameters are given referred to the stator side
𝑅1 =0.2  𝑋1 =1.2 
𝑅2 =0.25  𝑋2 =1.29 
Re
𝑅0 =317 
𝑋0 =42 
Find
(a)  =?
(b) 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑇𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =?
za
ar
Ans: 90.04775488% 76.83246405 Nm, 75.49475668 Nm
Re
kh
Solve:
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

68. ** (Hubert Ex 5.2, 5.3)
A 60-Hz, 15-hp, 460-v, 6-pole, Y-connected Induction motor is driving a centrifugal

pump at 1185 rpm. The combined friction, windage and stray power losses are 166 W.
za
Parameters are given referred to the stator side
𝑅1 =0.2  𝑋1 =1.2 
𝑅2 =0.25  𝑋2 =1.29 
Re
𝑅0 =317 
𝑋0 =42 
Find
(a) 𝑇𝑠𝑡 , 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 =?
(b) Speed at which maximum torque is developed
za
ar
Ans: 63.8002948 Nm, 76.83246405 Nm, 299.1519217 Nm; 1078.233071 r.p.m.
Solve:
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
Y-connected IM 𝑅1 = 0.2 Ω , 𝑋1 = 1.2 Ω

kh
6-pole , 60-Hz 𝑅2′ = 0.25 Ω , 𝑋2′ = 1.29 Ω
120 × 60
ti
𝑅0 = 317 Ω
𝑁𝑠 = = 1200 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
6 𝑋0 = 42 Ω
𝑁 = 1185 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. 460
If
√3
𝑁𝑠 −𝑁
∴𝑠 = = 0.0125
𝑁𝑠

𝑍𝑡ℎ = 𝑋2′ + [ (𝑅0 ‖ 𝑗𝑋0 ‖ (𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 ) ] At starting, s=1

𝑅2′
= 0.1932189222 + 𝑗2.456134793 3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 𝑠
za
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 2
𝑅2′
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑠
𝑉𝑡ℎ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
Re
= 63.8002948 𝑁𝑚 Ans
𝑅0 ‖ 𝑗𝑋0 460
= × 𝑣
( 𝑅0 ‖ 𝑗𝑋0 ) + 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 √3
= 258.0454718∠0.05435713213° 𝑣
Indued Torque, 𝑠 = 0.0125
za
ar
𝑅2′
3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑠
Re
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 2
𝑅2′
kh
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑠
= 76.83246405 𝑁𝑚 Ans
ti
ar
If
Max Torque,
kh
𝑅2′
𝑠𝑏 = | = 0.101472409
𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑅2′
ti
3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
𝑠𝑏
𝑇𝑏 = 2
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 𝑅2′
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
If
𝑠𝑏
= 299.1519217 𝑁𝑚 Ans

69. **
za
Re
Moreover, 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 100 W (stray Loss)
Find
(a)  =?
(b) 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑇𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 =?
za
Ans: 82.86019936% (𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 10378.3532 W) ; 62.80682157 Nm, 56.29741694 Nm
ar
Solve:
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

70. ** (P-414)
za
Re
Moreover, 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 100 W (stray Loss)
Find 𝑇𝑠𝑡 , 𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 , 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 =?
Ans: 106.5621045 Nm, 62.80682157 Nm, 230.8017132 Nm
za
ar
Solve:
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
Y-connected IM 𝑅1 = 0.641 Ω , 𝑋1 = 1.106 Ω

kh
4-pole , 60-Hz 𝑅2′ = 0.332 Ω , 𝑋2′ = 0.464 Ω

ti
120 × 60
𝑁𝑠 = = 1800 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. 𝑋𝑀 = 𝑋0 = 26.3 Ω
4
If
𝑠 = 0.022 460
√3
∴ 𝑁 = 1760.4 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.

At starting, s=1
𝑍𝑡ℎ = 𝑋2′ + [ 𝑗𝑋0 ‖ (𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 ) ] 𝑅2′
3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
𝑇𝑠𝑡 = 𝑠
za
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 2
= 0.58998464 + 𝑗1.539165298 𝑅2′
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑠
Re
𝑉𝑡ℎ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 106.5621045 𝑁𝑚 Ans
𝑗𝑋0 460
= × 𝑣
𝑗𝑋0 + 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 √3
Indued Torque, 𝑠 = 0.022
= 254.7936159∠1.33984931° 𝑣
za
ar
𝑅2′
3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝑠
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 2
𝑅2′
Re
kh
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑠
= 62.80682157 𝑁𝑚 Ans
ti
ar
If
Max Torque,
kh
𝑅2′
𝑠𝑏 = | = 0.2014115345
𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑅2′
ti
3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
𝑠𝑏
𝑇𝑏 = 2
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑠𝑏
If
= 230.8017132 𝑁𝑚 Ans

71. *
za
Ans: 12.66083047-25.79618733 A, 0.9003478478(Lagging), 4077.25908 W,3914.168717 W,
Re
25.95663748 Nm, 3764.168717 W, 86.65892648%
Hints: if we want to find =?, it will be difficult to solve with Thevenin equivalent (but possible)
Solve:
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

72. * (Chapman Exc-7.19)
za
Re
(c) Full Load Induced Torque =?
Ans: 0.1704626898 , 448.1505054 m, 19.00260621%, 205.6992161 Nm
za
ar
Solve:
Y-connected IM; Assume 𝑘 = 1
Re
kh
𝑅1 = 0.33 Ω , 𝑋1 = 0.42 Ω
4-pole , 60-Hz
𝑅2′ =? 𝑋2′ = 0.42 Ω
ti
,
120 × 60
𝑁𝑠 = = 1800 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
4 𝑋𝑜 = 𝑋𝑀 = 30 Ω
ar
If
1800 − 𝑁
𝑠 = 0.038 =
1800 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 50 𝐻. 𝑃. = 37300 𝑊
kh
⇒ 𝑁 = 1731.6 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. 𝑃𝑤 = 𝑃𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 𝑃𝑐 = 0 𝑊
ti
∴𝑃𝑚 = 37300 𝑊
𝑃2 = 𝑃𝑚 + 𝑠𝑃2 ⇒ 𝑃𝑚 = 38773.38877 𝑊
If

za
Re
𝑍𝑡ℎ = 𝑗𝑋2′ + [ 𝑗𝑋0 ‖ (𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 ) ] 𝑃2 = 3|𝐼2 |2
𝑅2′
⇒ 𝑠𝑃2 = 3|𝐼2 |2 𝑅2′
𝑠
= 0.320912147 + 0.8376824851 2
𝑉𝑡ℎ
⇒ 𝑠𝑃2 = 3 |𝑅 ′ | 𝑅2′
2 +𝑍
za
𝑠 𝑡ℎ
ar
𝑉𝑡ℎ /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
𝑗𝑋0 460 |𝑉𝑡ℎ |2
= × ⇒ 𝑠𝑃2 = 3 2 𝑅2′
𝑅′
Re
𝑗𝑋0 + 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 √3 | 𝑠2 +𝑍𝑡ℎ |
kh
=261.8989134∠0.6215274687°v
⇒ 𝑅2′ = 0.1704 Ω = 𝑅2 Ans
ti
𝑅2′ 𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁𝑏
𝑆𝑏 = =
ar
|𝑍𝑡ℎ | 𝑁𝑠 𝑅2′
If
2
3×60 𝑉𝑡ℎ
𝑠
𝑇𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 2 = 205.699 𝑁𝑚
2𝜋𝑁𝑠 𝑅′
⇒ 𝑁𝑏 = 1457.953088 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. Ans  𝑠2 +𝑍𝑡ℎ 
kh
𝑷𝟐 ×60 𝑷𝒎 ×60
= = = 205.699 𝑁𝑚
2 𝑅2′ 2𝜋 𝑁𝑠 2𝜋 𝑁
3 × 60 |𝑉𝑡ℎ | Ans
𝑠𝑏
ti
𝑇𝑏 = 2
| + 𝑍𝑡ℎ |
𝑠𝑏
If
= 448.1505054 𝑁𝑚 Ans

73. ** (Hubert Exc 5.13)
250-hp, 4-pole Y-connected motor operating from 60-Hz, 460-v line
is delivering 255-hp at 1777 r.p.m.. If the shaft torque load is reduced by 25%,
za
determine
𝑅1 = 0.0626  𝑋1= 0.027 

𝑅2 = 0.0118  𝑋2= 0.04 
Re
𝑅0 = 32.25 
𝑋0= 2.465 
(i) Shaft speed

(ii) Shaft horsepower
(iii) Rotor current
za
ar
Hints: change in Torque change in speed change in slip; T  s; P  TN;
Ans: 1782.75 r.p.m; 191.868845 hp; 202.5344991-1.63129248 A
Re
kh
ti
74. ** (Hubert Ex 5.5)

ar
If
575-v, 100-hp, 60-Hz, 12-pole Y-connected squirrel-cage motor operating at rated Torque and
591.1 r.p.m. draws a line current of 89.2 A at rated voltage and rated frequency.
𝑅1 = 0.06  𝑋1= 0.034 
𝑅2 = 0.055  𝑋2=0.034 
kh
𝑅0 = 67 
𝑋0=11.22
ti
If an increase in shaft load cause 𝑇𝐷 to increase by 25%. For the new condition, determine
Speed & current =?

If
Hints: change in Torque change in speed change in slip; v & f constant,
Ans: 588.875 r.p.m.; 109.2538789-1.014063973 A

75. ***
za
Re
Ans: 8-pole, 6.66̇%, 885.7751714 rpm, 0.9483219073-Hz
Solve:
60-Hz, (c) (d)

𝑃2 1
= = 0.25
za
No-Load speed = 890 r.p.m.
ar
𝑃1 4
Full-Load speed = 840 r.p.m.

P∝TN
Re
kh
( No-Load speed is almost same to

Synchronous speed ) 𝑠 𝑣2
⇒ P∝
𝑓
𝑁 ⇒ P∝s𝑁
ti
120 ×60 𝑃2 𝑠2 𝑁2
∴ 890 ≈ ⇒ P ≈ 8.089 ⇒ =
𝑃 𝑃1 𝑠1 𝑁1
ar
If
∴𝑃=8 Ans
900−𝑁2
900 𝑁2
⇒ 0.25 =
kh
1
840
15
120 ×60
∴𝑁𝑠 = = 900 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
8
⇒ 𝑁2 = 885.7751714 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
ti
Ans
𝑁1 = 840 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
𝑁𝑠 − 𝑁2 𝑓2′
𝑠2 = =
If
𝑁𝑠 −𝑁1 1 𝑁𝑠 60
∴𝑠1 = = Ans
𝑁𝑠 15
⇒ 𝑓2′ = 0.9483219073 𝐻𝑧 Ans

76. ***
za
Ans: 0.5866̇ ohm; 72.6636085 v, 71.50969419
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

77. ***
za
Ans: R=0.18 ohm, 42787.5 w; 1283.625 w; 40603.875 w; 90.23083̇%; 399.7303556 Nm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

78. * (APSCL-2019)
za
Re
Ans: 38.60060377 kW, 37.90060377 kW, 37.30060377 kW, 87.97186939%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

79. ** (Hubert Ex 5.11)
A three-phase, wye-connected, 400-hp, 4-pole, 380-v, 50-Hz wound-rotor induction motor

operating at rated condition with rheostat shorted has a slip of 0.0159.
za
𝑅1 =0.00536  𝑋1=0.0383 
𝑅2 =0.00613  𝑋2=0.0383 
𝑅0 =7.66 
Re
𝑋0=0.5743 
(i) Rotor speed at one –half rated torque load

(ii) Rheostat resistance per phase required to operate the machine
at 1000 r.p.m. at one-half rated torque load when K=0.5
𝑆
Hints: T  S; T 
za
𝑅
ar
Ans: 1488.075 r.p.m. ; 0.52 × 0.2508930608 
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

80.
(a) *
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(b) * (Hubert Exc 4.5)

ti
A 6-pole three-phase Induction motor is operating at 480 r.p.m. from 25-Hz, 230-v supply. The voltage
induced in the rotor when blocked is 90-v. Determine
ar
(i) Slip speed
If
(ii) Rotor voltage & rotor frequency

1
Ans: 20 r.p.m.; 3.6-v (90 × 25) , 1-Hz
kh
ti
If

za
Re
81.
za
ar
Re
kh
Ans: 5.264981265-43.15238973 A, 3.318007582-16.69924423 A

ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

82. **
za
Re
Ans: 1156.563143-87.25191182 A, 0.04794479937 (lagging);
741.266147-39.80557109 A, 0.7682212796 (lagging); 1.283528324 
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

83.
(a)
za
Ans: 0.2 ohm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(b)
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c)
za
Ans: 1.8166̇, 325 r.p.m, 0.13 
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(d)
za
Ans: 1187.5 rpm, 0.029 
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

84.
Ans: 90 kg-m
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
85. *
ti
Ans: 56.87840937%
ar
If
kh
ti
If

86. *
za
Ans: 0.52 
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
87. *
ti
Ans: 1299 r.p.m; 750 r.p.m

ar
If
kh
ti
If

88. *
za
Ans: 52.44523533 Nm, 99.86192508 Nm, 859 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

89.
(a) *
za
Ans: 3.333̇%, 966.66̇ r.p.m, 0.8888̇ kW
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(b)
ti
ar
Ans: 3.3̇%, 966.66̇ r.p.m, 0.833̇ kW, 72.5 kW
If
kh
ti
If

90. ***
za
Ans: 11.27088 kW, 98.59967034 Nm, 1350 rpm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

91.
Ans: 4.165416̇ kW
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
92. (PDB-2015)
ar
3-phase Induction motor is running at 2.5% slip. The output of rotor is 3kW. What is rotor input?
If
Ans: 3076.923077 W
kh
ti
If

93. **
Ans: 3.03̈%
za
No-Load Loss = Stator core loss + Mechanical loss
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

94. *
za
Ans: 0.2227891156 
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

95. *
za
Ans: 6242.776528 W
8780.045351 W
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

96. **
za
Ans: 19912.76042 W, 123.6766537 Nm, 126.76857 Nm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

97. **
za
Ans: 40.47855748 Nm, 63.50635907 Nm, 1333.33̇ r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
98. ** (BUET M.Sc-2014)

kh
Determine induced torque in a 400-v, 50-Hz, 4-pole, Y-connected induction motor operating at 2% slip
where 240 W power being lost in it’s motor winding.
Ans: 76.39437268 Nm
ti
If

99. **
za
Ans: 60.8%, 3.3%, 588 r.p.m
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

100. **
Ans: 23.45679012%
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

101. ** (Hubert Ex 5.7)
20-hp, 4-pole, 230-v, 60-Hz Y-connected induction motor draws 151 A when started at rated
voltage and rated frequency.
Determine the expected locked-rotor line current if the motor is started from
za
220-v, 50-Hz system
Ans: 173.3217391 A
𝑠𝑣
Hints: I  𝑓 ; ignore s
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

102.
(a) **
za
Ans: 927.7160494 r.p.m (928), 14.19973545 kW
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) ** (Hubert Ex 5.6)
230-v, 20-hp, 60-Hz, 6-pole three-phase induction motor driving a constant torque load at rated
frequency, rated voltage and rated horsepower has a speed of 1175 r.p.m. and efficiency of 92.1%.
za
If 10% drop in voltage and 6% drop in frequency, determine
(i) New operating speed
Re
(ii) New shaft horsepower
Ans: 1100.728395 r.p.m. (1101); 18.73580247 hp
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

103. **** (Hubert )
A 40-hp, 460-v, 60-Hz, 4-pole, three-phase induction motor operating at rated voltage , rated
frequency and rated horsepower runs at 1770 r.p.m.and draws a line current of 52 A. If the machine is
operated at 5/6 rated horsepower from a 385-v, 50-Hz supply. Determine the speed
za
Ans: 1470.161293 r.p.m.
𝑠 𝑣2 𝑁𝑠 −𝑁
Hints: P  T N, P  N; s =
𝑓 𝑁𝑠
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

104. ****
za
Ans: 29.49152542 KW
Hints: N2 =2900 r.p.m. T  S; P  T N;
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

105. * (Hubert Ex 5.12)
A 50-hp, 10-pole, 60-Hz, 575-v Y-connected, three-phase, wound-rotor Induction motor

operating with the rotor rheostat develops its maximum torque at 45% slip. Determine the percentage
increase or decrease in rotor circuit resistance required to cause TD,max to occur at 80% slip.
za
𝑠
Hints: constant torque, T  𝑅
Ans: 77.77̇% increase
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

106. ** (Hubert Ex 5.4)
A three-phase 50-hp, 460-v, 60-Hz, 4-pole induction motor operating at rated load, rated
voltage and ratred frequency has an operating speed of 1760 r.p.m.
If system voltage drops to 90% of rated value, Find the amount of Torque that must be removed from the
za
motor shaft in order to maintain 1760 r.p.m.
Hints: f constant; Ans: 38.45219597 Nm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

107. ** (Hubert Ex 5-21/9)
40-hp, 60-Hz, 460-v, 4-pole Y-connected wound-rotor motor with slip-rings shorted has its
breakdown torque occur at 25% slip. The rotor impedance in ohm/phase referred to stator is 0.158+
j0.623 and turn ratio is 1.28.
za
Determine the rheostat resistance required to cause the breakdown torque to occur at 60% slip.
Ans: 0.135 (rotor side)
Re
𝑠
Hints: T  , T constant, rheostat means external resistance (r)
𝑅
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

108. (Hubert Exc 5.19)
A three-phase 125-hp, 60-Hz, 8-pole, 575-v design B induction motor is to be

operated from 50-Hz system with a slip of 2.1%. Determine
(i) Allowable voltage
za
(ii) Allowable shaft load in hp
(iii) New synchronous speed
(iv) New shaft speed
Re
(v) New shaft torque
Hints: V2/V1=f2/f1; P2/P1=f2/f1; P=T
Ans: 479.2 v; 104.2 hp; 750 r.p.m.; 734.25 r.p.m.; 1010.96 Nm
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

109. (Hubert Ex 5.16 )
40-hp, 60-Hz, 460-v, 57.8 A Y-connected, Design-B Induction motor
Block Rotor test: 36.2 v, 58 A, 2573.4 W
za
No-Load test: 460 v, 32.7 A, 4664.4 W
DC test: 12 v, 59 A
Re
Determine R1, R2, X1, X2, XM & Combined Core and Friction loss=?
Ans: 0.102, 0.153, 0.4064, 0.6096, 7.58; 1456.53 w
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Alternator Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

1st Part
n = slot / pole
za
m = slot / pole / phase
Re
 ( , , )
𝐾𝑝 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 , = × 180
2 𝑛
𝑚
𝑆𝑖𝑛 1
𝐾𝑑 =  2
 , = × 180
𝑚 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2 𝑛
za
ar
2nd Part
Re
kh
𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 + ( I ∓  ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
ti
ar
If
Calculation using real part,
𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝐼 ( 𝑅. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ± 𝑋. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ) (phase value)

kh
Calculation using magnitude part,

ti
𝐸𝐴2 = ( 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 + 𝐼𝑅𝑎 )2 + ( 𝑉𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ± 𝐼𝑋𝑠 )2 (phase value)

If
𝐸𝐴2 = 𝑉𝑡2 + (𝐼𝑍𝑠 )2 + 2. 𝑉𝑡 . 𝐼𝑍𝑠 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠( ∓ ) (𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 )

%𝒓𝒆𝒈𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = √(𝑹𝒑𝒖 (𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅) + 𝑪𝒐𝒔)𝟐 + (𝑿𝒑𝒖 (𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅)  𝑺𝒊𝒏)𝟐 − 𝟏
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ≅ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (if 𝑅𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑)
za
𝑍𝑠
3 𝑉𝑡
( 𝐸𝐴 − 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 )
Re
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
𝑍𝑠
𝑋
 =  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑅 𝑠
𝑎
J
time of oscillation = 0.0083 𝑁𝑠 √
za
𝐼
𝑘𝑉𝐴 𝑠𝑐 𝑓
ar
𝐼
Re
Synchronizing Power
kh
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡 𝑋𝑠
𝑃𝑠𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛( ±  ),  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
𝑍𝑠 𝑅𝑎
3 𝑉𝑡2
ti
𝑃𝑠𝑦 (𝑛𝑜−𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑) =
𝑍𝑠
𝑒 (radian)
ar
If
Generator Induced Torque = Output Torque

kh
Generator shaft Torque = Input Torque
Conditions for Parallel operation of alternator:

ti
If

𝑅𝑎 = Armature resistance
𝑋𝐿 = Armature Leakage reactance
za
𝑋𝐴𝑅 = 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Re
𝑋𝑠 = 𝑆𝑦𝑛𝑐ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 𝑋𝐿 + 𝑋𝐴𝑅
𝐸𝐴 = Load induced e.m.f.
za
ar
𝐸0 = No-Load induced e.m.f.
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

110.
za
Ans: 0.9396926208, 0.9238795325, 0.8819212643
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
111.
ar
If
Ans: 0.9597950805
kh
ti
If

112. *
za
Ans: 0.639863387, 0.8312069222, 0.9597950805
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

113.
Ans: 0.9659258265, 0.7071067812, 0,2588190451, 0.2588190451
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

114.
Ans: 50 Hz, 2657.202289 v
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

115. *
za
Ans: 1812.995372 v, 3140.200098 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

116.
za
Ans: 987.9080164 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

117. *
za
Ans: 13196.44785 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

118. *
za
Ans: 749.405577 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

119. *
za
Ans: 999.9125619 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

120. **
za
Ans: 160 v
Re
za
ar
121. ***
Re
kh
Ans: 399.0881106 v; 230.4136281 v, 0.766̇ A

ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

122. **
za
(iii) rotor frequency
Re
Ans: 60 Hz; 1140 r.p.m, 3 Hz
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

123.
za
Ans: 1365.843526 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

124.
za
Ans: 11475.640892.715409524 v
Re
Y-connected alternator
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /phase
11 × 103
𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣 = 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (I∠-ϕ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
√3
za
𝑅𝑎 = 0.1 Ω , = 6625.464358∠2.7154° v
ar
𝑋𝑠 = 0.66 Ω
Re
= 𝑋𝐿 + 𝑋𝐴𝑆 ≅ 𝑋𝐿
kh
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /Line = 11475.64089∠2.7154° v
Ans
Load
ti
10-MW, Cosϕ = 0.85 (lagging)

ar
10×103
∠ − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.85
If
∴ 𝐼𝐿 =
√3 ×11 ×0.85
= 617.4869189∠ − 31.788° 𝐴
kh
ti
If

125.
(a) ***
za
Ans: 5066.985352 v
Re
1000
𝐼1 = ∠-36.87° A
1000-kVA, 3300-v √3×3.3
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω , = 174.954627∠-36.87° A
𝑋𝑠 = 5 Ω ∴ 𝐸𝐴1 /phase
za
ar
= 𝑉𝑡1 /phase + (𝐼1 ∠ − 𝜙1 ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
Case1
Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (lagging) = 2582.5466∠14.52° v
Re
kh
Case2
same excitation |𝐸𝐴2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 2582.5466 𝑣
ti
same Load current |𝐼2 | =174.954627 A

ar
If
Cos𝜙2 = 0.8 (leading)

kh
𝐸𝐴22 = 𝑉𝑡22 + (𝐼2 𝑍𝑠 )2 + 2. 𝑉𝑡 . 𝐼2 𝑍𝑠 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠( + 𝜙2 ) (𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑑𝑒 𝑜𝑓 )

ti
2 2
𝐸𝐴22 = ( 𝑉𝑡2 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙2 + 𝐼2 𝑅𝑎 ) + (𝑉𝑡2 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜙2 − 𝐼2 𝑋𝑠 )
⇒ |𝑉𝑡2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 2925.425357 𝑣

If
⇒ |𝑉𝑡2 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒| = 5066.986352 𝑣 Ans

(b) ***
za
Ans: 5293.673074 v
Re
1000
1000-kVA, 3300-v
𝐼1 = ∠-36.87° A
√3×3.3
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω , = 174.954627∠-36.87° A
za
ar
= 𝑉𝑡1 /phase + (𝐼1 ∠ − 𝜙1 ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
Case1
Re
Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (lagging) = 2582.5466∠14.52° v
kh
Case2
ti
|𝐼2 | =174.954627 A
ar
same Load current
If

kh

ti
2 2
If
⇒ |𝑉𝑡2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 3056.303574 𝑣
⇒ |𝑉𝑡2 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒| = 5293.673074 𝑣 Ans

(c) *
za
Ans: 12086.80077 v
2000
Re
2000-kVA, 11-kV
𝐼1 = ∠-36.87° A
√3×11
𝑅𝑎 = 0.3 Ω , = 104.9727762∠-36.87° A
za
= 𝑉𝑡1 /phase + (𝐼1 ∠ − 𝜙1 ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
ar
Case1
Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (lagging) = 6702.970025∠3.43° v
Re
kh
Case2
ti
same Load current |𝐼2 | =104.9727762A

ar
If

kh
2 2
ti
⇒ |𝑉𝑡2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 6978.317676 𝑣

If
⇒ |𝑉𝑡2 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒| = 12086.80077 𝑣 Ans

126.
*
za
Ans: 222.09027633.182659612 v
Re
Assume 1-ϕ connection ∴ 𝑋𝑠 = √𝑍𝑠2 − 𝑅𝑎2 = 0.229 Ω
≅ 𝑋𝐿
𝑉𝑡 =200 v
za
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0.1 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 =? ∴ 𝐸𝐴 /phase
I = 100 A, Cosϕ = 0.8 (Lagging)
Re
= 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (I∠-ϕ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
kh
= 222.0902763∠3.18265° v
50
𝑍𝑠 = Ω = 0.25 Ω
ti
200 Ans
ar
If
kh
ti
If

127.
(a) **
za
Ans: 62.29721368%
Re
Y -connected alternator ∴ 𝑋𝑠 = √𝑍𝑠2 − 𝑅𝑎2 = 0.7946822422 𝑝𝑢
6000-kVA, 6.6-kV
reg =
Cosϕ = 0.8 (Lagging) = √(𝑅𝑝𝑢 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑋𝑝𝑢 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛)2 − 1
za
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0.03 pu
= 62.29721368%
Re
Ans
kh
8000/√3
𝑍𝑠 = Ω
800
ti
8000/√3 6
= × 𝑝𝑢
800 6.62
ar
= 0.7952483047 𝑝𝑢
If
kh
##
ti
If

(b) ****
za
Ans: 471.84253976.916208422 v; 592.99113137.82298239 v; 34.77071158%; 2.7 
Re
Y-connected alternator (b)
No-load e.m.f/phase,
50-kVA, 440-v
𝐸𝐴0 /phase
𝑅𝑎 = 0.25Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 3.2 Ω
za
ar
𝑋𝐿 = 0.5 Ω = 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (I∠-ϕ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
Cosϕ = 1 (unity) ⇒ ϕ = 0° = 342.3635891∠37.823° v
Re
kh
∴ 𝐸𝐴0 /Line = 592.9911∠37.823° v

50×103
(F.L.) I = ∠0° = 65.607985 A Ans
ti
√3×440
(c)
ar
(a)
If
Internal e.m.f./phase, |𝐸𝐴0 |−|𝑉𝑡 |

Reg = |𝑉𝑡 |
× 100%
kh
𝐸𝐴 /phase
= 34.77071158% Ans
= 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (I∠-ϕ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
ti
= 272.4184173∠6.916° v (d)
𝑋𝑠 = 𝑋𝐿 + 𝑋𝐴𝑅
If
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /Line = 471.8425397∠6.916° v
Ans
⇒ 𝑋𝐴𝑅 = 𝑋𝑠 − 𝑋𝐿 = 2.7 Ω
Ans

128. *
Ans: 18.97040781, 48.04058776%
za
∴ 𝐸𝐴0 /phase
Re
10-kVA, 400-v
= 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (I∠-ϕ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
400
𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣
√3 = 341.885∠18.9704° v
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω ,
za
ar
𝑋𝑠 = 10 Ω ∴ Power angle = Torque angle
= 𝑋𝐿 + 𝑋𝐴𝑆 ≅ 𝑋𝐿 = 18.9704°
Re
kh
Ans
Cosϕ = 0.8 (lagging) |𝐸𝐴0 |−|𝑉𝑡 |

∴ Reg = × 100%
ti
|𝑉𝑡 |
10×103
∴ 𝐼𝐿 = ∠ − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8
√3 ×400 = 48.04058776%
ar
If
Ans
= 14.43375673∠ − 36.87° 𝐴
kh
ti
If

129. **
za
Ans: 12.03569119, 25.90080968%
Re
∴ 𝐸𝐴0 /phase
1200-kVA, 3.3-kV
= 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (I∠-ϕ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
3
3.3 × 10
za
= 2398.73∠12.03569119° v
ar
√3
𝑅𝑎 = 0.25 Ω ,
Re
kh
1.1 × 103 /√3 ∴ Power angle = Torque angle

𝑍𝑠 = Ω = 12.03569119°
200 Ans
ti
= 3.175426481 Ω |𝐸𝐴0 |−|𝑉𝑡 |

∴ reg = × 100%
ar
|𝑉𝑡 |
If
∴ 𝑋𝑠 = √𝑍𝑠2 − 𝑅𝑎2 = 3.165569986 Ω = 25.90080968%

≅ 𝑋𝐿 Ans
kh
Cosϕ = 0.8 (lagging)

ti
1200
∴(F.L.) 𝐼𝐿 = ∠ − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8
√3 ×3.3
If
= 209.945524∠ − 36.87° 𝐴

130. ***
za
Ans: 13.5673562%
Y-connected alternator 11000
|𝐸𝐴01 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 𝑣
√3
Re
𝑅𝑎 = 0.4 Ω
2 2
𝐸𝐴021 = ( 𝑉𝑡1 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙1 + 𝐼1 𝑅𝑎 ) + ( 𝑉𝑡1 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜙1 − 𝐼1 𝑋𝑠 )
Case1
⇒ 𝑋𝑠 = 7.910958374 Ω
100 A, Cos𝜙1 = 0 (Leading)
𝜙1 = 90°
za
ar
12370
𝑉𝑡1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑣
√3
Re
kh
Case2 11×103
√3
ti
3×103
(F.L) I = ∠ − 36.87°
√3×11
3-MVA, 11-kV
ar
If
𝑅𝑎 = 0.4 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 7.910958374 Ω ∴ 𝐸𝐴0 /phase

kh
= 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (𝐼∠ − 𝜙) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 7212.634848∠7.64° v
reg =
ti
√(𝑅𝑝𝑢 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑋𝑝𝑢 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛)2 − 1 |𝐸𝐴0 |−|𝑉𝑡 |

∴ %reg = |𝑉𝑡 |
× 100%
If
= 13.56954558% Ans
= 13.56954558%
Ans

131. *
A 3-phase 20-MVA, 10-KV alternator has internal reactance of 5% and negligible resistance. Find the
external reactance per phase to be connected in series with the alternator so that steady-state current on
short-circuit does not exceed 8 times the full load current.
Ans : 0.075 pu=0.375 
za
Re
3-ϕ Alternator ⇒ 𝑋𝑝𝑢 + 𝑥𝑝𝑢 ≥ 0.125
20-MVA, 10-kV ⇒ 𝑥𝑝𝑢 ≥ 0.125 − 𝑋𝑝𝑢
⇒ 𝑥𝑝𝑢 ≥ 0.125 − 0.05

𝐼𝑠𝑐 ≤ 8 𝐼𝐹.𝐿.
za
ar
⇒ 𝑥𝑝𝑢 ≥ 0.075
𝐼𝑠𝑐
⇒ ≤ 8
𝐼𝐹.𝐿.
Re
kh
1
⇒ ≤8 102
𝑍𝑝𝑢
∴ 𝑥 ≥ 0.075 × Ω
20
ti
⇒ 𝑍𝑝𝑢 ≥ 0.125
⇒ 𝑥 ≥ 0.375 Ω
Ans
ar
If
kh
ti
If

132.
(a) ***
za
Ans: 174.1463623 KW, 192.0707699 KW
Re
750-kVA, 11-kV
112
𝑅𝑎 = 0.01 𝑝𝑢 = 0.01 × Ω =1.6133 ̇ Ω;
0.75
za
ar
112
𝑋𝑠 = 0.15 𝑝𝑢 = 0.15 × Ω = 24.2 Ω ≃ 𝑋𝐿
0.75
Re
kh
𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑋𝑠
𝛿𝑚 = 1° , 𝛿𝑒 = 𝛿𝑚 = 2° ,  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 86. 2°
2 𝑅𝑎
3 𝑉𝑡2 3 (11×103 ÷√3)2

ti
𝜋
𝑃𝑠𝑦 (𝑛𝑜−𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑) =
𝑍𝑠
𝑒 (radian) = | 1.613+𝑗24.2 |
×2° ×
180
= 174.1463622 kW
Ans
ar
If
750
(F.L) 𝐼 = ∠ − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8 = 39.3648∠ − 36.87° A
√3×11
kh
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /phase = 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (𝐼∠ − 𝜙) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 ) = 7010.720362∠5.93°

ti
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑠𝑦 = . 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛( +  )
𝑍𝑠
If
11×103
3 × 7010.720362 ×
= | 1.613+𝑗24.2 |
√3
× 𝑆𝑖𝑛2° × 𝑆𝑖𝑛(86. 2° + 5.93° )
= 192.070799 kW Ans
(b) *
za
Ans: 502.246611 kW
Assume Y-connected alternator
Re
2000-kVA , 6000-V , Cosϕ = 0.8 (Lagging)
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 6 Ω ≅ 𝑋𝐿
za
2000×103
ar
(F.L.) I = ∠ − 36.87° = 192.4500897∠-36. 87° A
√3 ×6000
Re
kh
𝛿𝑚 = 1° , 𝛿𝑒 = 𝛿𝑚 = 4° ,  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 90°
2 𝑅𝑎
ti
ar
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /phase = 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (𝐼∠ − 𝜙) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )
If
= 4258.3252∠12.53° v
kh
 = 12.53°
ti
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑠𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛( +  ) = 502.246611 kW Ans
𝑍𝑠
If
𝑃𝑠𝑦 ×60
𝑇𝑠𝑦 = = 6394.802463 𝑁𝑚 Ans
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠

133. *
Ans: 722.2361962 kW, 6896.847642 Nm
za
Assume Y-connected alternator
Re
3-MVA , 3.3-kV , Cosϕ = 0.8 (Lagging)
𝑅𝑎 = 0 ,
3.32
𝑋𝑠 = 0.25 𝑝𝑢 = 0.25 × Ω = 0.9075 Ω ≃ 𝑋𝐿
za
3
ar
3×103
(F.L.) I = ∠ − 36.87° = 524.8638811∠-36. 87° A
Re
√3 ×3.3
kh
𝛿𝑚 = 1° , 𝛿𝑒 = 𝛿𝑚 = 3° ,  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 90°
ti
2 𝑅𝑎
ar
If
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /phase = 𝑉𝑡 /phase + (𝐼∠ − 𝜙) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 )

= 2223.932328∠9.8658° v
kh
 = 9.8658°
ti
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑠𝑦 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑒 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛( +  ) = 722.2361962 kW Ans
𝑍𝑠
If
𝑃𝑠𝑦 ×60
𝑇𝑠𝑦 = = 6896.847642 𝑁𝑚 Ans
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠

134. (Chapman Exc 5.24)
za
Re
Ans: 299.298 kw, 144.956 kVAR; 119.719 kw,115.391 kVAR; 31.85 (lagging)
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

135. ***
za
Ans: 150-28.98186239 A, 8273.07282115.49210944 v;
180.6360295-43.41365988 A, 9640.08928815.9016802 v
Re
Solve:
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

136.
(a) **
za
Re
Ans: 60 Hz; 59.2 Hz;
the operator should increase the governor no-load set points by 0.8 Hz
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) **
za
Re
Ans: 60 Hz, 1.5 MW, 1 MW;
59.5 Hz, 2 MW, 1.5 MW
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

137. **** (Chapman Exc 5.8)
za
Re
Ans: 1.68%, 0.84%; 59.8 Hz; 70 KW, 30 KW
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

138. **** (Chapman Exc 5.9)
za
Re
za
Ans: 59.61 Hz; 2.085 MW, 3.2 MW, 1.7444 MW; not acceptable (3.2 > 3 rating)
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

139. **
Ans: 0.2 Hz
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

##
3 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( 𝐸𝐴 − 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠Ө )
𝑍𝑠
za
𝑿𝒔
 =  = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝑹𝒂
Re
140.
(a) ** (B.L. Threza, Example 37.66)
A 3-ϕ, 11-kV, 5-MVA, Y-connected alternator has a synchronous impedance of
za
ar
(1+j10) Ω per phase. Its excitation is such that the generated line e.m.f. is 14-kV.
If the alternator is connected to infinite bus-bars, determine the maximum output
at the given excitation.
Re
Ans: 14.12555293 MW
kh
Solve:
Y-connected Alternator ; 𝐸𝐴 ∠Ө = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝐼𝑀 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )

ti
5-MVA, 11-kV ⇒ 𝐼𝑀 = 972.1414125∠40.302° 𝐴

𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 11 × 103 𝑣
ar
If
3 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒 ( √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝑀∗ )
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 14 × 10 𝑣
= 14.12555293 𝑀𝑊 Ans
kh
𝑅𝑎 = 1 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 10 Ω 3 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( 𝐸𝐴 − 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 )
𝑍𝑠
ti
= 14.12555293 𝑀𝑊 Ans
For 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 , (with constant excitation)
If
𝑋𝑠
𝛿 = Ө = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 84.2894°
𝑅𝑎

(b) **
za
Ans: 17.65694116 MW; 1215.17676640.30202418 (leading)
Solve:
Re
Y-connected Alternator ;
𝐸𝐴 ∠Ө = 𝑉𝑡 + 𝐼𝑀 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
10-MW, 11-kV
⇒ 𝐼𝑀 = 1215.176766∠40.302° 𝐴
3
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 11 × 10 𝑣 Ans
za
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 14 × 103 𝑣
ar
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒 ( √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝑀∗ )
= 17.65694116 𝑀𝑊 Ans
Re
𝑅𝑎 = 0.8 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 8 Ω
kh
3 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( 𝐸𝐴 − 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 )
𝑍𝑠
= 17.65694116 𝑀𝑊
ti
Ans
For 𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 ,
𝑋𝑠
𝛿 = Ө = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 84.2894°
𝑅𝑎
ar
If
With constant excitation

kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

141. **
za
(i)
Re
(ii)
If the generator is operating at the constant excitation
za
ar
Ans: 807.4917924-53.42840706 A, 0.5958267674 (lagging);
136.0147051 MW, 3248.93144836.32386947 A, 0.8056815792 (leading)
Re
kh
Solve:
ti
50-MVA, 30-kV
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 9 Ω
If
Case 1
kh
50-MVA , 30-kV , Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (Lagging)
50× 103
∴ 𝐼1 = ∠ − 𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8 = 962.2504486∠ − 36.87° 𝐴
ti
√3 × 30
∴ 𝐸𝐴1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 + 𝐼1 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 ) = 23558.43798∠17.1027897 𝑣

If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

142. **
za
Re
(i)
.
(ii)
Ans: 769.8004745-0.03139464355 A; 12 kV
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

143. **
za
Re
Ans: 546.4917924-53.42840706 A
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

144. ***
za
(i)
Re
(ii)
za
Ans: 798.1290121 kW, 889.7290121 kW, 89.70473046%;
ar
532 v (no drop induced voltage at the terminals)
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

145. **** (APSCL-2018)
A 480 V, 50-Hz, Y-connected six pole synchronous generator has a per-phase synchronous reactance of 1.2
ohm. Its full-load armature current is 60 A at 0.8 pf lagging. If the per phase no-load voltage is 277 V,
za
determine the torque angle =?
Ans: 12.00178935, 227.74508670 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

146. ****
za
.
Re
Ignore armature resistance.
what is the terminal voltage & efficiency =?
When it is operated at rated current at 0.8 pf Lagging (ignore unknown electrical losses)
Ans: 410.3913454 v, 93.17299814%
za
ar
Hints: Terminal voltage at no-Load indicate induced e.m.f (no drop at no-Load)
Re
kh
Solve:
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Method 1 Method 2
Use 𝑽𝒕 as reference
za
EA2 = ( Vt Cos + IR a )2 + ( Vt Sin ± IXs )2
(phase value)
Re
 𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒= 236.9395537 v
 𝐸𝐴 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉𝑡 + ( I ∓  ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 277.12812929.974221794 v
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

147. ***
za
Re
Ans: 2661.3881287.415 v, 870.3553875 KW
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

148. **** (Chapman Exc 5.23)
za
Re
Ans: 45.87654786%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
𝑅𝑝𝑢 = 0
100 75
𝑋𝑝𝑢 = 0.75 × 2
=
11 121
If
%reg = √(𝑅𝑝𝑢 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠)2 + (𝑋𝑝𝑢 + 𝑆𝑖𝑛)2 − 1 = 45.87654786%

149. ** (DPDC-2019)
A 120 kVA, 10/0.415 kV, Delta/Y transformer is designed for a 60 Hz power system.
If the transformer is to be used in a 50 Hz system , what should be the maximum allowable kVA?
Ans: 100
za
150. ****
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
Ans:
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

151. ****
A 600 KVA, delta-connected alternator has line voltage of 220 v. If it is re-connected in star connection,
calculate new KVA, voltage & current rating
za
Ans: 600 KVA, 220-v, 909.09 𝐴
Solve:
Re
Δ-connected Alternator Re-connection as Y
600-kVA, 220-v, For re-connection of Alternator,

(not for Induction motor)
2
|𝑉𝑝 |
|𝑍𝑝 | = = 0.242 Ω Phase voltage of Y-connection
𝑆/𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
za
= Line voltage of Δ-connection
ar
𝑉𝑝 ∴ 𝑉𝑝 = 220 v ⇒ 𝑉𝐿 = 220√3 𝑣
𝐼𝑝 = = 909.09 𝐴
𝑍𝑝
Re
𝑉𝑝
𝐼𝑝 = = 909.09 𝐴 = 𝐼𝐿
kh
𝑍𝑝
𝐼𝐿 = √3 𝐼𝑝 = 1574.59 𝐴
S=√3 |𝑉𝐿 ||𝐼𝐿 | = 600 𝑘𝑉𝐴
ti
600 × 103
𝐼𝐿 = = 1574.59 𝐴
√3 × 220
ar
If
kh
ti
If

152.
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

153.
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Synchronous
za
Motor
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 Cos ≅ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 (if 𝑅𝑎 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑑)
𝑍𝑠
𝐸𝐴  −  = 𝑉𝑡 − ( I ∓  ) ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
za
(under excited, normally excited; over excited)
Re
Calculation using real part,
𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼 ( 𝑅. 𝐶𝑜𝑠 ± 𝑋. 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ) (phase value)
za
ar
𝐸𝐴2 = ( 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 − 𝐼𝑅𝑎 )2 + ( 𝑉𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛 ∓ 𝐼𝑋𝑠 )2 (phase value)
Re
kh
𝐸𝐴2 = 𝑉𝑡2 + (𝐼𝑍𝑠 )2 − 2. 𝑉𝑡 . 𝐼𝑍𝑠 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠( ∓ ) (𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 )

ti
𝐫𝐞𝐠 = √(𝑹𝒑𝒖 (𝑷𝒊𝒏) − 𝑪𝒐𝒔)𝟐 + (𝑿𝒑𝒖 (𝑷𝒊𝒏) ∓ 𝑺𝒊𝒏)𝟐 − 𝟏

ar
If
kh
For (𝑷𝒎 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ,

ti
𝑋𝑠
 =  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 with constant excitation
𝑅𝑎
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡 3 𝐸𝐴2 𝑅𝑎
If
(𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −
𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠2

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 𝐼𝑎2 𝑅𝑎
ti
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 + 𝑃𝑥
ar
If
kh
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒

ti
If

154. ( B.L. Threza , Ex-38.22 )
Consider a 3300-v , 3-ϕ Synchronous motor having negligible armature resistance and
synchronous reactance of 18 Ω per phase. It operates at a leading power factor of 0.707
za
when taking 800 kW from supply.
Calculate excitation emf and rotor angle=?
Re
For (i) Y-connection (ii) Δ-connection
Ans: 8820.025395∠ − 29.653° 𝑣 , 4972.482566∠ − 17.0088° 𝑣
Solve:
za
ar
(i) (ii)
Y-connected SM Δ-connected SM
Re
kh
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3300 𝑣 𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3300 𝑣
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 18 Ω 𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 18 Ω
ti
Cosϕ = 0.707 (Leading) Cosϕ = 0.707 (Leading)
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 800 × 103 𝑊 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 800 × 103 𝑊

ar
If
800×103 800×103
∴𝐼= ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.707 𝐴 ∴ 𝐼𝑝 = ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.707 𝐴
√3×3300 ×0.707 3×3300 ×0.707
kh
𝐸𝐴 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 − 𝐼(𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 ) 𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑝 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )

ti
= 5092.244036∠ − 29.653° 𝑣 = 4972.482566∠ − 17.0088° 𝑣
Ans
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 8820.025395∠ − 29.653° 𝑣
If
Ans rotor angle = −17.0088° Ans
rotor angle = −29.653° Ans

155.
(a)
za
Ans: 149.1883318121.8514953 A
Re
Solve
Y-connected SM
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿
𝑍𝑠
6600-v
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 10 Ω ⇒ δ = 8.8134°
za
ar
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 8900 𝑣 𝐸𝐴 ∠ − 𝛿 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
Re
kh
⇒ I = 149.1883318 ∠58.1485° A
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 6600 𝑣
Ans
ti
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 900 × 103 𝑤

ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Re
Ans: 19.99877181, 8.019978247-9.999385904 A (lagging)
Solve
Y-connected SM
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿
𝑍𝑠
400-v
za
⇒ δ = 19.99877181°
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 10 Ω
Re
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 400 𝑣 𝐸𝐴 ∠ − 𝛿 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
kh
⇒ I = 8.019978247 ∠-9.99938° A
Ans
ti
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 5472 𝑤
ar
If
kh
ti
If

156. ** ( B.L. Threza, Ex-38.20 )
Y-connected, 2000-v, Synchronous motor has an effective resistance and synchronous

reactance of 0.2 Ω and 2.2 Ω , respectively.
za
The Input power is 800-kW at normal voltage and the induced e.m.f. is 2500 v.
Calculate the line current and power factor ?

Ans: 247.317809124.755759613° A (leading)
Re
Solve :
Y-connected SM | 𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 2500 𝑣
2000-v, Over-excitation
za
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0.2 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 2.2 Ω 𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 2000 𝑣
Re
kh
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 800 × 103 𝑊

𝑃𝑖𝑛 ≠ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 (because 𝑅𝑎 ≠ 0)
𝑍𝑠
ti
800 × 103 230.94

ar
|𝐼𝐿 | = =
If
√3 × 2000 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙

kh
𝐸𝐴2 = ( 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙 − 𝐼𝑅𝑎 )2 + ( 𝑉𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜙 + 𝐼𝑋𝑠 )2 (Leading)
⇒ 𝜙 = 24.755759613° (Leading)
ti
∴ Power factor = Cosϕ = 0.9081010838 (leading) Ans

If
230.94
∴ |𝐼𝐿 | = = 254.31101426528 𝐴 Ans
𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙

157. **
za
Ans: 20√29 v, 20√17 v, 20√41 v
Solve:
Re
Assume 1-ϕ SM (ii)
Cosϕ =0.8 (lagging)

𝑉𝑡 = 1 𝑝𝑢
za
reg =
ar
𝑅𝑝𝑢 = 0 , 𝑋𝑝𝑢 = 0.4 𝑝𝑢
𝐸𝐴 −1
√(0 − 0.8)2 + (0.4 − 0.6)2 − 1 = 1
Re
𝐫𝐞𝐠 =
kh
⇒ 𝐸𝐴 = 0.8246211251 𝑝𝑢 Ans
√(𝑹𝒑𝒖 − 𝑪𝒐𝒔)𝟐 + (𝑿𝒑𝒖 ∓ 𝑺𝒊𝒏)𝟐 − 𝟏

ti
ar
(i) (iii)
If
Cosϕ =1 (unity) Cosϕ =0.8 (leading)

kh
reg = reg =
ti
𝐸𝐴 −1 𝐸𝐴 −1
√(0 − 1)2 + (0.4 − 0)2 − 1 = √(0 − 0.8)2 + (0.4 + 0.6)2 − 1 = 1
1
⇒ 𝐸𝐴 = 1.077032961 𝑝𝑢 Ans ⇒ 𝐸𝐴 = 1.280624847 𝑝𝑢 Ans

If

158.
(a) (B.L. Threza, Ex-38.2)
A 20-pole, 693-v, 50-Hz , Y-connected Synchronous Motor is operating at no-Load with
za
normal excitation. It has armature resistance per phase of zero and synchronous
reactance of 10 Ω. If rotor is retarded by 0.5° (mechanical) from its synchronous
position. Calculate
Re
Armature e.m.f./phase = ? Armature Current/phase = ?
Power Drawn by the motor = ? Power developed by Armature = ?
Ans: 693/√3 v, 3.490455974-2.5 A, 4185.64583 kW, 4185.64583 W
za
Solve:
ar
Y-connected SM ∴ 𝐸𝐴 ∠ − 𝛿 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
Re
kh
693 v ⇒ I = 3.490455974-2.5 A Ans
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 10 Ω
ti
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 693 𝑣 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅𝑒( √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿∗ ) = 4185.64583 W

ar
If
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 693 𝑣 3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
= 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 = 4185.64583 W
𝑍𝑠
Ans
kh
𝛿𝑚 = 0.5° (mechanical displacement)
𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 |𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎 = 𝑃𝑚

ti
𝛿 = 𝛿𝑒 = 𝛿𝑚 = 5°
2
∴ 𝑃𝑚 = 4185.64583 W Ans
If
693
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 | = 𝑣 Ans
√3

(b)
za
Ans: 494.7525862-21.31122391 v, 39.61382687 kW
Re
Solve:
Y-connected SM 𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
400-v = 285.6455388∠-21.311° v
za
𝑅𝑎 = 0.2 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 1.6 Ω
ar
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 494.75∠ − 21.311° Ans
Re
kh
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 37300 𝑤 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 |𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎

37300
⇒ 𝑃𝑚 = 39.61382687 𝑘𝑊
ti
∴ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = w Ans
0.88
Cosϕ = 0.9 (Leading)

ar
If
37300 ÷ 0.88
𝐼= ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.9
kh
√3 × 400 × 0.9
ti
If

(c)
za
Ans: 266.1684802-10.89821364 v, 78.51305698 kW
Re
Solve:
400-v = 266.1684802∠−10.898° v
Ans
za
𝑅𝑎 = 0.04 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 0.4 Ω
ar
Re
kh
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 75900 𝑤 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 |𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎
∴ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 =
75000
w ⇒ 𝑃𝑚 = 78.51305698 𝑘𝑊 Ans
ti
0.925
Cosϕ = 0.8 (Leading)

ar
If
75000 ÷ 0.925
𝐼= ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8
√3 × 400 × 0.8
kh
ti
If

(d)
za
Re
Ans: 496.4079156-21.40137402 v, 39.81128759 kW
Solve:
za
400-v = 286.0238935∠−21.4° v
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0.2 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 1.6 Ω
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 495.4079156∠ − 21.4° v
Re
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 400 𝑣 Ans
kh
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 37500 𝑤
ti
37500
∴ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = w
0.88 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 |𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎
ar
If
Cosϕ = 0.9 (Leading) ⇒ 𝑃𝑚 = 39.81128759 𝑘𝑊 Ans

kh
37500 ÷ 0.88
𝐼= ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.9
√3 × 400 × 0.9
ti
If

(e)
za
Ans: 914.5228264 kW, 903.7228264 kW, 13040.52459-11.30567456 v
Re
Solve:
Y-connected SM 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙 = 914.5228264 𝑘𝑊

Ans
11000 v
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑚 + 3 |𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎
𝑅𝑎 = 1 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 30 Ω
za
⇒ 𝑃𝑚 = 903.7228264 𝑘𝑊 Ans
ar
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 11000 𝑣
I = 60 A , Cosϕ = 0.8 (Leading)
Re
𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 − (𝐼∠𝜙)( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
kh
= 7528.950381∠−11.3° v
∴ 𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 13040.52459∠ − 11.3° v

ti
Ans
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(f)
za
Ans: 669.0291473 kW, 15.05864737 (lagging), 4259.171835 Nm
Solve:
Re
Y-connected SM 𝐸𝐴2 = ( 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙 − 𝐼𝑅𝑎 )2 + ( 𝑉𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜙 − 𝐼𝑋𝑠 )2 (Lag)
2000 v ⇒ ϕ = 15.05864737° (lagging)
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 3 Ω
Power factor = Cos ϕ = 0.9656603958° Ans
za
ar
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 2000 𝑣
𝑉𝑡 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 2000 𝑣 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅𝑒 ( √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿∗ ) = √3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙
Re
kh
= 669.0291473 𝑘𝑊 Ans
I = 200 A , Cosϕ = ??
ti
𝑃𝑚 ×60
𝑇𝑎 = = 4259.171835 𝑁𝑚 Ans
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(g) *
za
Ans: 39.19496743 (lag or lead); 154.2864915-6.609428072 v , 213.764961-13.3495688 v
Solve:
Re
1-ϕ Alternator running as 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 6000 𝑤
Synchronous Motor
𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 = 500 𝑤
200 v
za
ar
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 0.866 Ω ∴ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝐼 2 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 = 7750 𝑤
I = 50 A , Cosϕ = ?? 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉 𝐼 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜙
Re
kh
V = 200 v ⇒ Cosϕ = 0.775 (Lagging or Leading)
⇒ ϕ = 39.2°(Lagging or Leading)
ti
ar
If
kh
For Lagging p.f. For Leading p.f.
ϕ = 39.2°(Lagging) ϕ = 39.2°(Leading)
ti
𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 − (𝐼∠ − 𝜙)( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 ) 𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑡 − (𝐼∠𝜙)( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 154.2864915∠-6.61° v = 213.764961∠-13.35° v
Ans Ans
If

159.
(a)
za
Re
7460
Ans: 9086.155972
×100%= 82.10292695%%
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Ans: 13.052 A, 8110 W, 82.6693343%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

160.
(a) **
za
Ans: 78.94736482 kW, 129.489444336.87 A, 896.6847608-30.01639673 v, 157.8165179 kW
Solve:
Re
Y-connected SM; For (𝑷𝒎 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ,
𝑋𝑠
 =  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 90°
440 v 𝑅𝑎
with constant excitation
𝑅𝑎 = 0 , 𝑋𝑠 = 2.5 Ω
za
ar
𝑉𝑡 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 440𝑣
𝐸𝐴 ∠ − Ө = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑀 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
Cosϕ = 0.8 (leading)
Re
⇒ 𝐼𝑀 = 230.667849∠ − 26.14° 𝐴
kh
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 75000 𝑤
75000 ∴ (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒 (√3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝑀∗ )

𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑤
ti
0.95
= 157.8165179𝑘𝑊
ar
75000 ÷ 0.95
If
𝐼= ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8 (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 3|𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎

√3 × 440 × 0.8
= (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 0 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥
kh
= 129.4894443∠36.87° 𝐴
Ans
𝐸𝐴 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 ∴ (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 157.8165179 𝑘𝑊 Ans

ti
= 𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 − (𝐼∠𝜙)(𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 517.701188∠-30.02° v Ans 3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡 3 𝐸𝐴2 𝑅𝑎

𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠2
If
Power angle = -30.02° Ans

= 157.8165179 𝑘𝑊 Ans

(b)
za
Ans: 44.15830692-2.185925166 A, 0.9992723163 (lagging), 168.1433005 kW, 751.3402043 kW
Re
Solve:
Y-connected SM;
𝑋𝑠
2200 v  =  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 86.2°
𝑅𝑎
za
𝑅𝑎 = 0.4 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 6 Ω
ar
|𝐸𝐴 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒| = 2200 𝑣 (Normal excitation)
Re
kh
𝑉𝑡 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 2200𝑣
⇒ 𝐼𝑀 = 288.6127941∠ − 39.28° 𝐴
𝛿𝑚 = 3°
ti
∴ (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒 (√3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝑀∗ )

8
𝛿𝑒 = 𝛿 = 3° × = 12° = 851.2970182 𝑘𝑊
2
ar
If
𝐸𝐴 ∠ − 𝛿 = 𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 −𝐼(𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 ) (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 3|𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎

kh
⇒ I = 44.15830592∠ − 2.2° A Ans ⇒ (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 751.3403043 𝑘𝑊 Ans

ti
Power factor = Cos(-2.2°) = 0.99926 (lag)

Ans 3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡 3 𝐸𝐴2 𝑅𝑎
𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠2
If
= 751.3403043 𝑘𝑊 Ans

(c)
za
Ans: 51.38989134 𝑘𝑊
Re
Solve:
Y-connected SM; 𝐸𝐴 ∠ − Ө = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑀 (𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
400 v ⇒ 𝐼𝑀 = 106.9934668∠ − 17.844° 𝐴
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 4 Ω
za
∴ (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒 (√3 𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝑀∗ )
ar
𝑉𝑡 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 400𝑣 = 70.56129427 𝑘𝑊
Re
kh
I = 60 𝐴 , Cosϕ = 0.866 (Leading) (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 3|𝐼𝑎 |2 𝑅𝑎
⇒ (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 53.38989134 𝑘𝑊

ti
𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 + 𝑃𝑥 = 2000 𝑤
ar
If
𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠2
𝐸𝐴 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 𝑉𝑡 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 −(𝐼∠𝜙)(𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
kh
= 53.38989134 𝑘𝑊
= 394.0357705∠ − 34.44° 𝑣
(𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 + 𝑃𝑥

ti
For (𝑷𝒎 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 , ⇒ (𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 51.38989134 𝑘𝑊

𝑋 Ans
== 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑠 = 82.875°
𝑅𝑎
If

(d)
za
Ans: 151.4173462 A, 0.8572489804 (lagging)
Solve:
Re
Y-connected SM For (𝑷𝒎 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 , (with constant excitation)
3300-v 𝑋𝑠
 =  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 = 83.66°
𝑅𝑎
𝑅𝑎 = 2 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 18 Ω
za
⇒ 𝐼𝑀 = 151.4173462∠ − 30.99091228° 𝐴
ar
| 𝐸𝐴 /𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 | = 3800 𝑣
𝑉𝑡 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3300 𝑣 Power factor = Cos(∠ − 30.99091228°)
Re
kh
= 0.8572489804 Ans
ti
(e) ***
ar
If
Ans: 5867.364221 𝑁𝑚 ( 1-ϕ or 3-ϕ )

Solve:
kh
Assume 1-ϕ SM 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡 𝐸𝐴2 𝑅𝑎

𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠2
120 × 25
ti
𝑁𝑠 = = 500 𝑟𝑝𝑚
6 = 307214.4723 𝑊
𝑉𝑡 =2000-v
If
(𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 ×60

𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω 𝑇𝑚𝑎𝑥 = = 5867.364221 𝑁𝑚
2𝜋 𝑁𝑠
Ans
𝑋𝑠 = √102 − 0.52 = 9.987 Ω

(f) **
za
Ans: 0.8905086202 (Lagging), 134640.1743 / 171556.3228 = 78.48%
Re
Solve:
Δ-connected SM (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑅𝑒 ( 3 𝑉𝑡 𝐼𝑝∗ )
415 v = 171556.3228 𝑤
za
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 4 Ω
ar
(𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 3 |𝐼𝑀 |2 𝑅𝑎
|𝐸𝐴 | = 520 𝑣
Re
⇒ (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 135640.1743 𝑤
kh
𝑉𝑡 = 415 𝑣
𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 = 1000 𝑤 (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = −
ti
𝑍𝑠 𝑍𝑠2
= 135640.1743 𝑤 (same)
ar
If

𝑋𝑠 (𝑃𝑚 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤
 =  = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1
kh
= 82.875°
𝑅𝑎
⇒ (𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 134640.1743 𝑤

𝐸𝐴 ∠ − Ө = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼𝑀 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
ti
⇒ 𝐼𝑀 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 154.74∠ − 27.063° 𝐴

(𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 )𝑚𝑎𝑥
If
∴𝜂= (𝑃𝑖𝑛 )𝑚𝑎𝑥

× 100%
Power Factor = Cos (−27.063°)
= 0.890508 Ans = 78.48161591% Ans

161. **
za
Ans: 34.70336855 kVAR (leading), 0.8656356139 (leading)
Solve:
Load 1 SM ∴ 𝑃 = 𝑃1 + 𝑃2 = 60 + 240 = 300 𝑘𝑊
Re
𝑃1 = 60 𝑘𝑊
𝑺 = 𝑺1 + 𝑺𝟐
Load 2 Factory Load
⇒ 𝑺1 = 𝑺 − 𝑺𝟐
za
𝑃2 = 240 𝑘𝑊
ar
300 240
= ( ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.9) − ( ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.08)
Cos𝜙2 = 0.8 (𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) 0.9 0.8
Re
= 60 𝑘𝑊 − 𝑗34.7034 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅
kh
Combined Load
= 69.313∠ − 30.04463652° 𝑘𝑉𝐴
ti
∴ kVAR supplied by motor = −𝑗34.7034 𝑘𝑉𝐴𝑅

ar
If
Power factor of motor

= 𝐶𝑜𝑠∠ − 30.04463652°
kh
= 0.8656356139 (Leading) Ans

ti
If

162. *
(a)
za
Ans: -28.99940231, 0.9432414077 (Leading)
(b)
Re
Ans: -28.99940231, 0.9432414077 (Leading)
Solve:
za
Y-connected SM Case 2
ar
6600 v 𝑃𝑖𝑛2 = 1500 𝑘𝑊
Re
kh
𝑅𝑎 = 0 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 20 Ω |𝐸𝐴2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 5413.19455 𝑣
𝑉𝑡 /𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 6600 𝑣
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
ti
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 ( 𝑅𝑎 = 0 )
𝑍𝑠
Case1
𝑃𝑖𝑛1 = 1000 𝑘𝑊 , 𝑃𝑖𝑛2 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿2
ar
⇒ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 ∝ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 ⇒ =
If
𝑃𝑖𝑛1 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿1
Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔)
⇒ 𝛿2 = −28.99940231° Ans
kh
1000 −1
𝐼1 = ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 0.8
√3 × 6.6 × 0.8
𝐸𝐴2 ∠ − 28.99 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼2 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 109.3466419∠36.87° 𝐴
ti
⇒ 𝐼2 = 139.1117578∠19.396° 𝐴
𝐸𝐴1 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼1 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
If
= 5413.19455∠ − 18.85° 𝑣 ∴ New Power factor = Cos19.396°

= 0.9432414077(lead)
𝛿1 = −18.85° Ans

(c) * Chapman, Ex-6.1
A 208 v, 45-kVA, 0.8 pf leading, Δ-connected, 60-Hz Synchronous motor has
synchronous reactance of 2.5 Ω and negligible armature resistance. Its windage &
friction losses are 1.5 kW and its core losses are 1.0 kW. Initially, the shaft is supplying a
za
15-HP Load and motor’s power factor is 0.8 Leading.
If the shaft load is increased to 30-HP,
Re
What will be the new motor power factor ?
Ans: 71.516273715.06006165 A, 0.9656539824(leading)

Solve:
Δ-connected SM Case 2
za
Assume constant excitation
ar
45-kVA (rated) , 208 v
|𝐸𝐴2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 255.1018068 𝑣
Re
𝑅𝑎 = 0 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 2.5 Ω
kh
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡2 = 30 × 0.746 𝑘𝑊 = 22.38 𝑘𝑊

𝑃𝑖𝑛2 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡2 + 0 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 = 24.88 𝑘𝑊
ti
𝑃𝑐 = 1 𝑘𝑊 , 𝑃𝑤 = 1.5 𝑘𝑊
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
Case1 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 ( 𝑅𝑎 = 0 )
𝑍𝑠
ar
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡1 = 15 × 0.746 𝑘𝑊 = 11.19 𝑘𝑊
If
𝑃𝑖𝑛1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡1 + 0 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤
⇒ 𝑃𝑖𝑛 ∝ 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 ⇒ =
= 13.69 𝑘𝑊
kh
⇒ 𝛿2 = −23.00079795°
Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔)
ti
𝐼1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐸𝐴2 ∠ − 23° = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼2 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )

13.69
= ∠𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8
3 × 0.208 × 0.8
⇒ 𝐼2 = 41.28993987∠15.06° 𝐴
If
𝐸𝐴1 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼1 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 0.9656539824 (Lead)
𝛿1 = −12.4157° Ans
(d) **
za
Re
Ans: 22.5811632513.69578599 A (leading)
Solve:
Δ-connected SM Case 2
za
ar
Assume 𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
45-kVA (rated) , 208 v
|𝐸𝐴2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 1.25 × 182.4478127 𝑣
Re
𝑅𝑎 = 0 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 2.5 Ω = 228.0597658 𝑣
kh
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
ti
𝑃𝑐 = 1 𝑘𝑊 , 𝑃𝑤 = 1.5 𝑘𝑊 𝑍𝑠
Case1 1 |𝐸𝐴2 | 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿1

⇒ |𝐸𝐴 | ∝ ⇒ =
ar
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡1 = 15 × 0.746 𝑘𝑊 = 11.19 𝑘𝑊
If
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 |𝐸𝐴1 | 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿2
𝑃𝑖𝑛1 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡1 + 0 + 𝑃𝑐 + 𝑃𝑤 ⇒ 𝛿2 = −13.91589287°

kh
= 13.69 𝑘𝑊
Cos𝜙1 = 0.85 (𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔)

𝐸𝐴2 ∠ − 13.916° = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼2 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
ti
𝐼1 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒
13.69
= ∠−𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.85 ⇒ 𝐼2 = 22.58116325∠13.6957° 𝐴
3 × 0.208 × 0.85
If
𝐸𝐴1 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼1 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 0.9715665364 (Lead)
𝛿1 = −17.5° Ans
(e)
za
Ans: 46.4996818430.32969252 A, 0.8631339722 (leading)
Solve:
Re
693 v Assume 𝑃𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝑅𝑎 = 0 Ω , 𝑋𝑠 = 2 Ω |𝐸𝐴2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 1.3 × 349.39635837 𝑣
za
= 454.2152658 𝑣
ar
3 𝐸𝐴 𝑉𝑡
𝑍𝑠
Re
kh
Case1
1 |𝐸𝐴2 | 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿1
𝑃𝑖𝑛1 = 48 𝑘𝑊 ⇒ |𝐸𝐴 | ∝ ⇒ =
𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿 |𝐸𝐴1 | 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝛿2
ti
Cos𝜙1 = 0.8 (𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔) ⇒ 𝛿2 = −10.14164606°

ar
48
If
𝐼1 = ∠−𝐶𝑜𝑠 −1 0.8
√3 × 0.693 × 0.8
𝐸𝐴2 ∠ − 10.141° = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼2 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
kh
𝐸𝐴1 = 𝑉𝑡 − 𝐼1 ( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
⇒ 𝐼2 = 46.38711119∠30.4485° 𝐴
= 349.3963583∠ − 13.2327° 𝑣
ti
𝛿1 = −13.2327° ∴ New Power factor = Cos30.4485°

= 0.8620849198 (Lead)
If
Ans

(f) **
za
Ans: 24.04351434 (lagging)
Solve:
Re
400 v |𝐸𝐴2 /𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒| = 231.2341491𝑣
𝑅𝑎 = 0.5 Ω 𝐼2 = 60 𝐴
za
ar
𝑋𝑠 = √42 − 0.52 = 3.967 Ω T variable ∴ P variable
Re
kh
𝐸𝐴2 = ( 𝑉𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 − 𝐼2 𝑅𝑎 )2 + ( 𝑉𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛 − 𝐼2 𝑋𝑠 )2
(Lagging)
⇒ 𝜙2 = 24.04351434° (lagging)
ti
Case1
15 A, Cos𝜙1 = 1 (unity) ∴ New Power factor = Cos24.04351434°

ar
If
= 0.9132362906 (lagging)
Ans
kh
𝐸𝐴1 = 𝑉𝑡 − (𝐼1 ∠𝜙1 )( 𝑅𝑎 + 𝑗𝑋𝑠 )
= 231.2341491∠ − 14.9183° 𝑣
ti
𝛿1 = −14.9183°
If

163.
za
Ans: 21.8 degree, 0.9285 (leading)
One of the most difficult math
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

D.C.
za
Re
Generator
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Generator Output = Motor Input = 𝑉𝑡 𝐼𝐿
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If
But for short-shunt compound machine, variable loss include all types of Cu losses

Classification:
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

𝑍 𝛳𝑚 1
𝐴𝑇𝑐 =
𝑎
𝐼𝑎 (− 360
+ 2𝑃
)
za
𝑍 𝛳𝑚
𝐴𝑇𝑑 = 𝐼𝑎
𝑎 360
Re
𝑁𝑠ℎ Δ𝐼𝑠ℎ = 𝑁𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝑠𝑒
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

164. *
A 10 kW d.c. shunt generator has the following losses at full load:
Mechanical Loss : 290 W
za
Iron Loss : 420 W
Shunt Cu Loss : 120 W
Armature Cu Loss : 595 W
Re
Calculate the efficiency at (i) no-Load (ii) 25% of full-Load
Ans: 0%, 2500/ (2500+867.1875) = 74.24593968%
Hints: Variable loss is related to 𝐼𝑎
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

165.
(a)
Ans: 243.638 v
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
Ans: 52 A, 506.16 v
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c) **
za
Ans: 31.145 A, 232.55725 v
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

166.
za
Ans: 100 A, 50
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

167.
za
Re
Ans: 458.25 v, 20.81256938 kW
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

168.
(a) *
za
Ans: 24 / 27.5964352 = 86.96775444%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Re
Ans : 625.4 v, 317.7032 kW
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

169.
za
Ans: 254 v, 2050 W, 51,750 W; 94.2%, 98.2%, 95.96%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

170. *
Ans: 0.107 ohm, 122.34 A
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

171. *
za
Ans: 214 v, 77.9%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

172.
(a) *
za
Ans: 2.67 kW, 5.33 kW; 1.33 kW, 1.33 kW
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
Ans: 570 r.p.m.
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

173.
(a) *
za
Ans: 159.4 A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Ans: 69.769 A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

174.
Ans: 1.2
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

175. *
Ans 350.4667 A
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

176.
(a)
za
Ans: 8
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(b)
ti
Ans: 0.0833 ohm

ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c) *
za
Ans: 0.02127 ohm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

177.
(a)
za
Ans: 802, 3710
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
(b) *
ar
If
Ans: 800, 1200

kh
ti
If

(c)
za
Ans: 440, 6160; 0.4 A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
(d) *
ti
ar
Ans: 820; 164
If
kh
ti
If

178. *
za
Ans: 2778, 1390, 9
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

D.C.
za
Motor
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

Motor Input = 𝑉𝑡 𝐼𝐿
za
𝐸𝑏 𝐼𝑎 × 60
Developed Torque, Ta = = Input Torque
2𝜋 𝑁
Re
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 × 60
Output Torque, Tsh = = Load Torque
2𝜋 𝑁
za
ar
Eb   N
Re
kh
T   Ia
ti
ar
If
At no-Load
Pout = 0
kh
=0
ti
 Input = Loss
 𝑉𝑡 𝐼𝐿0 = Wc (constant Loss) + 𝐼𝑎20 𝑅𝑎
If

179.
(a)
za
Ans: 337.6 r.p.m.; 248.915 Nm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
Ans: 286.4788 Nm, 270.48 Nm
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

180.
za
Ans: 79.577 Nm, 12.5 kW
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
181.
ti
Ans: 476 r.p.m.

ar
If
kh
ti
If

182.
za
Ans: 1030.5 r.p.m.; 1014.4 r.p.m
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

183. **
za
Ans: 111 Nm, 106.9 Nm, 0.0129 Wb; 460 W, 91.4%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

184. **
Ans: 291.25 HP
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

185. **
Ans: 87.83%
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

186.
(a) **
za
Ans: 960.42 rpm, 82.44%
Re
(b) **
Ans: 960.42 rpm
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c) *
Ans: 350.5 A (342 A)
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

187. *
za
Ans: 260 A, 459.32 Nm; 93.75 A, 1226 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

188.
(a) *
za
Ans: 623.9 r.p.m., 103 Nm, 79.2%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Ans: 87.1 Nm, 79.6%, 1031.578947 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

189.
Ans: 474 r.p.m.
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
190.
ti
Ans: 1147 r.p.m.

ar
If
kh
ti
If

191. **
za
Ans: 372 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

192.
za
Ans: 1009 r.p.m., 55.737 Nm, 110.354 Nm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

193.
(a) *
za
Ans: 79.6%, 10.226 kW
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Re
Ans: 90.2 A, 623 r.p.m., 78.33 A
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

194. *
za
Ans: 279 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

195. *
Ans: 37.3%
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

196.
(a)
za
Ans: 106 ohm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b)
za
Ans: 1.327 ohm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

197. **
Ans: 550, 587.5
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

198. * ( Load torque indicate output torque )
za
Ans: 381.595 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

199.
(a)
za
Ans: 2.9622 ohm, 3503.278 W, 41.215%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) *
za
Ans: 2.971 ohm, 3494.724796 W, 41.2246%
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

200. **
za
Ans: 0.9135 ohm; 548.1 Nm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

201. *
Ans: 5.7 ohm; 1.9 ohm
za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

202. *
za
Ans: 433.7 v, 35.714 A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

203.
(a) *
za
Ans: 1444 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(b) **
za
Ans: 1163 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(c) **
za
Ans: 792 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(d) **
za
Ans: 1102 r.p.m., 1275 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(e) *
za
Ans: 1029.47 r.p.m.; 0.171 ohm
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(f) *
za
Ans: 713.524 r.p.m.
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

(g) *
za
Ans: 713.524 r.p.m., 33.64 A
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
ti
If

za
Re
za
ar
Re
kh
ti
ar
If
kh
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If


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Iftikhar Reza ( Iftikhar Reza | Facebook )

Assistant Engineer, JGTDSL

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D.C. Generator 175-189 272-297

D.C. Motor 190-214 299-336

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calculation of R 0 & X 0 & I0 been ignored for approximate analysis  𝐈𝟏  𝑰𝟐′

Its better not to work with 𝑹𝟎𝟏 & 𝑿𝟎𝟏

𝑅0 & 𝑋0 has no effect on regulation while approximation

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(𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑥 32.25)

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Hysteresis Loss, 𝑊ℎ  𝑓𝐵𝑚

𝑉𝑠𝑐 = 𝐼𝑠𝑐 𝑍𝑜𝑥

𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐶𝑢 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑦

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KVA for 𝑚𝑎𝑥 × 𝑝𝑓

(According to B.L. Threza)

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%𝒓𝒆𝒈𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅 = √(𝑹𝒑𝒖 (𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅) + 𝑪𝒐𝒔)𝟐 + (𝑿𝒑𝒖 (𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅)  𝑺𝒊𝒏)𝟐 − 𝟏

(According to Chapman, P-100)

𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟏′ −𝐕𝟐 

𝐕𝟏 − 𝐕𝟐′  𝐕𝟏′ −𝐕𝟐 

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Ans: 3494.214 W, 1210 W; 3195.77 W, 1000 W; 3300 W, 1210 W

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Ans: 114.2+800i ; 5.118980208%

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(a) Iron loss

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𝑷𝒊𝒏 = |𝑰𝟏 |𝟐 𝑹𝟏 + 𝑾𝟎  𝑾𝟎 = 29.85 w

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(i) input impedance

Ans: 599.159243720.94988481 , 4861.4870620.717818798 v, 1.280980463%, 97.72577692%,

Solve: here V2 is taken as as reference V2= 240 v  V2= 2400

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Approximate solution for regulation

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start to solve from reference side. here exact analysis

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start to solve from reference side. here exact analysis

𝑍𝑖𝑛 = 𝑅1 + 𝑗𝑋1 + [ 𝑅0  𝑗𝑋0  ( 𝑅2′ + 𝑗𝑋2′ + 𝑍𝐿′ ) ]

 𝑉2 = 𝑘 𝑉2′ = 223.3946486 − 1.079275579 𝑣

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Solve: Here exact analysis can’t be done.  approximate analysis

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𝑉2′ = × 7967 = 7600.672548 − 3.040018123 v