Circuit

Iftikhar Reza ( Iftikhar Reza | Facebook )
Assistant Engineer, JGTDSL
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Electrical
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Circuit
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Facebook page: EEE Career Academy | Facebook YouTube channel: Lighten up.EEE (Bangla)
Index
Equivalent Resistance (Series, Parallel, Y, Δ)
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1. DC Circuit Nodal, Super-node, Mesh, Super-mesh Analysis
Thevenin, Norton, Max-Power Transfer, Super-position Theorem
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Phasor
Inductance, Capacitance, Impedance Calculation
Nodal, Super-node, Mesh, Super-mesh Analysis
2. 1-phase AC Circuit
RThevenin, Norton, Max-Power Transfer, Super-position Theorem
Peak & RMS value calculation from wave-shape
Calculation of Wattmeter reading
Power Factor, Real Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, Complex
Power
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Phase Sequence
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Balanced System (YY, YΔ, ΔY, ΔΔ)
3. 3-phase AC Circuit Un-balanced System (YY, YΔ, ΔY, ΔΔ)
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Two Wattmeter method for balanced system
Two Wattmeter method for un-balanced system
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4. Phase Shift & Phase Difference

5. 1st order Circuit
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6. 2nd order Circuit

7. Resonance Circuit
8. Filter Circuit
9. Magnetically Coupled Circuit
10. Two Port Network
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DC Circuit
Equivalent Resistance
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Y⇒Δ Δ⇒Y
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1.
(a) 𝑅𝑒𝑞 =?
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(b) 𝑅𝑒𝑞 =?
R Ans: 14.4 
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Ans: 6 
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2. Calculate equivalent resistance between mentioned terminals:
(a) (b)
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Ans:20 Ω
Ans: 11.2 Ω
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(c) (d)
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Ans: 4 Ω
(e) R (f)
Ans: 24 Ω
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Ans:32.5 Ω
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Ans: 54 Ω
(g) (h)
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Ans: 444/61=7.28 Ω Ans: 0

(i) (j)
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Ans: 2.4 Ω Ans: 1320/49= 26.94 Ω

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(k) (l)
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Ans: 46/9= 5.11 Ω
Ans: 1370/41=33.415 Ω
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(m) (n)
(o)
R Ans:
(p)
Ans: 10/3 Ω
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Ans: 1 Ω Ans: 12 Ω
(q) 𝑅𝑎𝑏 =? 𝑅𝑐𝑑 =?
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3. Calculate equivalent resistance between mentioned terminals:
(a) (b)
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(c)
R Ans: 40 Ω
(d)
Ans: 120/13= 9.231 Ω
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Ans: 20 Ω
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Ans: 183/19 = 9.63 Ω

(e) (f)
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Ans: 15 Ω
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Circuit Analysis
1. Independent & dependent source
2. Voltage Divider Rule
3. Current Divider Rule
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4. KCL, KVL
5. Node, Super-node Analysis
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6. Mesh, Super-mesh Analysis
7. Source Transformation
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Nodal Analysis
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4. Calculate Node voltages=?
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(a) V0=? (b) V1=? V2=?
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Ans: 10 v Ans : 40/3 v, 20 v
(c) (d)
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Ans: 15, 20
Ans: -2 v, -14 v
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Super-node Analysis
5.
(a) V=? i=? (b) V1=? V2=? V3=?
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(c) (d)
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Ans: Ans: 22 v, 16 v, 12 v
(e) (f)
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Ans: 3.043 v, -6.956 v, 0.6522 v
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Mesh Analysis, Super-Mesh Analysis
6.
(a) (b)
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(c)
R Ans : 1 A, 1 A
(d)
Ans: 2/3 A, 0
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Ans: -3.2 A, 2.8 A
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Ans: 3.474 A, 0.4737 A, 1.1052 A

(e)
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Ans: -7.5 A, -3.5 A, 3.93 A, 1.1052 A
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7. Source transformation
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Circuit Analysis
8.
(a) (b)
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R Ans: 2 v, -22 v, 10 v
Ans: 𝐼𝑜 = 1.5 A
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(c) Power absorbed/delivered by each of the (d)
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components=?
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Ans: 68 W Ans:
Hints: when voltage source current ( - ⇒ + ),

then the source is delivering power
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(e) (f)
𝑉0 =? Power delivered/absorbed by dependent source=?
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Ans: -40/9 v, 98.77 w

Ans: 40
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(g) (h)
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Ans: 200 w
Ans: 1A, 2V
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Ans:
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(i) (j)
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Ans: 4, 2, 4/3, 2/3 Ans: 4, 2, 1, 2
(k) (l)
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Ans: 10/9 v Ans: 8v,8v
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(m) (n)
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Ans: 4/3 A, 4/3 A, 2.667 A
Ans: 2v, 12v, -8v
(o)
R (p)
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Ans: 10.67 A, 33.78 v
R Ans: 1.73 A
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(q) Io/Is=? (r) Vx=? Ix=?

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Ans: -0.3
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Ans: -4, 2.105 A
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(s) V1=? V2=? (t)
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Ans: -5.6 A, -1344 v
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(u) Find Voltmeter & Ammeter reading=?
Ans: 1v,3v
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Ans: -5/6 A, 50/3 v

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Ans:
(v)
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(w) Find Ammeter Reading =? (x)
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(y) 𝑉𝑎𝑏 =?
R Ans: 1 A
Ans: 10.46 v, 2.67 A
Hints: use mesh alalysis
(z) Current through AO branch is zero, find R=?
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Ans:6v
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Ans: 6 Ω
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9.
(a) 𝑅1 =? 𝑅2 =? (b) Find the value of current =?
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Ans:
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(c) (d)
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Circuit Theorem
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𝑹𝒕𝒉 = Equivalent resistance at the terminals when all the independent sources are
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turned-off
𝑽𝒕𝒉 = Open-circuit voltage at the terminals
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𝑰𝑵 = Short-circuit current at the terminals

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10.
Find Thevenin Equivalent=? Find Norton Equivalent=?
(a) (b)
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Ans: 3, 13.5v , 4.5 A
Ans: 4, 30 v, 7.5 A
(c)
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Ans: 22.5, 40 v, 16/9 A
Ans: 12, 40 v
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(e) (f)
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Ans: 25, -28v, -1.12 A
Ans: 20, -49.2 v, -2.46 A
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(g)
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R Ans: 1.5 A
(h) (i)
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Ans: 10/3, 10v, 3 A

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Ans: 27/7, 4 v; 45/14, 15v

(j) (k)
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Ans: 4/9, 16/3 v, 12 A

Ans: 6, 20v, 20/6 A
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(l) (m)
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Ans: 1, 10 v, 10 A
R Ans: 5, 35 v, 7 A
(n) (o)
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Ans: -7.5, 0v, 0 A
Ans: -4(Supply power), -12 v, 3A

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(p) (q)
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Ans: 2000, -80 v, -40mA
Ans: 0.4762, 1.19v
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(r) (s)
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Ans : 100k, -2000v, -20 mA
(t)
R Ans: 3, 3v
(u)
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Ans: 8k, 192 v, 0.024 mA
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Ans: -10/3, 0 v
(v) (w)
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Ans: 5.625k, ov
Ans: 920/29, 0v
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(x) Thevenin equivalent across terminal a-b (y)
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Ans:
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11. Calculate the value of 𝑅𝐿 that will draw the Maximum Power from the rest of the circuit. Also calculate the
Maximum Power
(a) (b)
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Ans:
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(c) (d)
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Ans:
Ans: 65/6, 30v, 20.77 w
(e) (f)
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Ans:
Ans: 4.22 Ω, 2.901 W
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(g) (h) Max Power Transferred to 𝑅𝐿 is 3mW.
Calculate the value of R=?
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Ans: -1.25, -220.02 v, -9681.76008 w
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Ans: 1 k
(i)
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Ans:
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(j) A black box with a circuit in it is connected to a variable resistor. An ideal ammeter and an ideal
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voltmeter are used to measure current and voltage as shown in the mentioned Figure. The results are
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shown in the table

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Ans: 1.2857 A, 8.1 W
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(k)
Compute the value of R that results in Maximum Power Transfer to 10-Ω resistor. Find that Maximum Power =?
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R Ans: 20 Ω
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Super-Position Theorem
12.
(a)
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R Ans: 10v
(b)
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Ans: 12v
(c)
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Ans: 12.5 v
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A.C. Circuit
Formulas
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𝑋𝐿 = 𝑗 𝐿
1 −𝑗
𝑋𝐶 = =
𝑗 𝐶 𝐶
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𝐴𝑚 𝑃 = 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑊)
𝐴𝑚 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + ) = 
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𝑄 = 𝑅𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑉𝐴𝑅)
√2
𝑆 = 𝐴𝑝𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑉𝐴)
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𝐴𝑚
 + 90
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𝐴𝑚 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 + ) =
√2 𝑺 = Complex Power = 𝑃 ± jQ = 𝑆 ± 
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Here 𝐴𝑚 indicates peak value = ∗
𝑉𝑚 𝐼𝑚 ∗
= 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠
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𝐴 = 𝐴 ± 360

−𝐴 = 𝐴 ± 180
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Here A indicate r.m.s. value
𝐴𝑚 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑡 + Ө)
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12.
Calculate the phase angle between and which one is leading
(a) 𝑣1 = −10. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 + 50° ) and 𝑣2 = 12. 𝑆𝑖𝑛(𝑡 − 10° ) Ans: 𝑉2 lead 𝑉1 by 30°
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(b) 𝑖1 = −4. 𝑆𝑖𝑛(377𝑡 + 25° ) and 𝑖2 = 5. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(377𝑡 − 40° ) Ans: 𝑖1 lead 𝑖2 by 155°
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Vdc = Vaverage = ∫ 𝑉0 (𝑡). 𝑑𝑡
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𝑇
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Vrms2 = ∫ 𝑉 2 (t). dt
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𝑇
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13.
Find the rms value of the periodic signal
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Ans: 9.574 Ans: 5
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Ans: 3.16 Ans: 6.67

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Ans: 21.6
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14.
(a)
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Ans: 400/3 W
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(b)
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Ans: 2.309 A, 48 W
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15.
(a)
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Ans: 2.5 W
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(b)
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Ans: 5.657 v, 5.334 W
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16.
(a)
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R Ans: 6.48-2.64i, 37.95∠−139.69° v
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(b)
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Ans: 12.4-3.2i, 18.97∠-51.56° v

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(c)
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Ans:4-i2/3, 55∠−90°
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17.
(a)
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Ans: 2.933- 4.467i, 7.45∠−10.3° v, 2.365 W
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(b)
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Ans: 3.415-0.7317i, 6.246∠-51.34° v, 1.428 W

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18.
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Ans: 24.25 Ω, 39.285 W
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(b)
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Ans: 30 ohm, 6.85 W

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19.
(a)
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(b)
R Ans: 12.88 Ω, j9.6 Ω
(c) Two elements are connected in series has an average power of 940W and power factor
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of 0.707 leading. The input voltage is 99.Cos(6000t-30°) v. Find the elements value =?
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(d)
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Ans: 240 VA, 0.866 (leading); 25.98 ohm, 212.2 uF

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(e)
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V(t)= 90. Cos(5t-10°) v, I(t)= 10. Sin(5t+30°) A

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Find element values of the Load ?
Ans: 3.785 Ω, 2.18 H
(f)
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V(t)= 400 Sin(500t) v, I(t)=8 Sin(500t-36.87°) A
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Find the element values of Z = ?
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Ans: 40 Ω, 64 mH
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(g) A series RLC circuit has

v(t)=300. Sin300t (v), I(t)=10. Sin(300t+45°) (A), L=10 mH
Calculate the value of R=? C=?
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Ans:
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(h) A resistance R, an inductance L and a capacitor C=10 pF are connected in series. When
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an alternating voltage 100. Cos(500t+60°) v is applied to the series combination, the

resulting current is found to be 2.Cos(500t+23.13°) A. Find R=? & L=?
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(i) The circuit shown in the figure consists of a resistance R in parallel with a capacitor of
reactance X. The load is fed from a single-phase supply through a line of impedance
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(8.4+j11.2) Ω . The voltage at the load terminal is 1200∠0° v (rms) and the load is taking
30 KVA at 0.8 power factor leading.
Find the value of R=? X=? supply voltage=?
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Ans: 60 Ω, 80 Ω;
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1250∠16.26° v
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20.
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Find R=? X=?

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Ans:
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𝑍𝑒𝑞 = 𝑅 ‖ 𝑗𝑋 =
𝑅 −1 + (𝑗𝑋)−1
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1 1 1 1 𝑗
∴ = 𝑅 −1 + (𝑗𝑋)−1 = + = −
𝑍𝑒𝑞 𝑅 𝑗𝑋 𝑅 𝑋
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From Circuit Diagram,
1 1 1 𝑗
= = −
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𝑍𝑒𝑞 14.4+𝑗19.2 40 30
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∴ R = 40 Ω , X= 30 Ω
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21.
Find Wattmeter reading=?
(a) 𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 6 , 𝑅𝑝𝑐 = 9 𝑘
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(b) 𝑅𝑐𝑐 = 6 , 𝑅𝑝𝑐 = 9 𝑘
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(c) Assuming a voltage source of 150∠30° v
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22.
(a)
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R
Ans: 432.7 W
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(b)
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Ans: 1437.24 W
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23.
(a) 𝑉0 =?
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(b) 𝑉𝐴 =? 𝑉𝐵 =?
R Ans:
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Ans:
(c) 𝐼0 =?
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Ans:
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(d) Voltage across the capacitor =? Current through the inductor =?
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R
Ans:
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(e) Calculate the value of R that will make energy stored in the capacitor the same as in the
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inductor
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(f)
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R Ans:
(g)
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Ans: 169.57i, -706.57i
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(h) 𝐼𝑆 =?
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Voltage source supply 2.5 KW & 0.4 KVAR
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Leading
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Ans: 39.47∠-159.86° A
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(i) The voltage source of the mentioned figure delivers 660 VA at 120 V, with a supply current that lags the
voltage by a power factor of 0.6. Determine the voltage, ammeter and wattmeter reading.
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24.
(a) Assume 50-Hz supply
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Load 1: 100 Ω resistor in series with an inductance of 25.4 mH
Load 2: 120 Ω resistor in series with a capacitor of 25.4 mH

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Load 3: 60 Ω resistor in series with another 80 Ω resistor
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Calculate the power factor of the combined load?
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Ans:
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(b)
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Ans: 132.4∠92.4° A
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(c)
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Ans: 120.063∠0.0353° v
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(d) 𝑉𝑠 =?
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Ans:
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(e) 𝐿1 = 12𝑊, 𝐿2 = 6𝑊, 𝐿3 = 3𝑊, voltage across bulb 𝐿1 = 24𝑣

Find 𝑉𝑠 =?
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25.
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R Ans: 4160 v; 12 KW + j81 KVAR; 540 KW + j477 KVAR
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26.
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(a)
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Ans: -1 + 2.5 Cos(2t-30.74°) + 2.328 Cos(5t-77.91°)

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(b)
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Ans: 4.63 Cos (5t-171.12°) + 1.05 Cos (10t-86.24°)

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27. Find I=? when e = 12 + 10. Sin2t
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Ans: 2.5 Sin(2t+90) A
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28. e = 10 + 60. Cos(10t+45°) + 40. Cos(20t-45°)
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Find 𝑉0 =? For 1st harmonics only

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29.
(a)
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Ans: 344.2+ 600. Cos(754t+35°)
(b)
R Ans: 385.67+ 600 Sin(20t+ 80°)

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30.
(a) Find the value of the capacitor to make the pf unity
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Ans: 106.1032954 μF
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(b) Load 1 absorbs 8 kW at a leading pf of 0.8
Load 2 absorbs 20 kVA at a lagging pf of 0.6
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Given that the frequency of the source is 60 Hz. Calculate the value of the capacitor to be
connected in parallel with loads that would correct the load power factor to 1
Ans:424.41 μF
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(c) When connected to a 215-v (rms), 50-Hz power line, a load absorbs 4 kW at a lagging
power factor of 0.8. Find the value of capacitor necessary to make it a resonance circuit.
Ans:
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31.
(a)
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V(t)= 14. Sin250t (v), I(t)= 25. Cos250t (mA), C=?
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Ans: 10 μF
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(b)
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Ans: 15 v, 10 v, 5 v
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20−1
Hints: 𝑉1 = × 30 𝑣
20−1 + 30−1 +60−1
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a
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R
r
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a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
56
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
57
a
ez
R
3-phase A.C. Circuit
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
58
32. Determine the phase sequence of the balanced system
a
(a) 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 208∠130° , 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 208∠10° 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑐𝑛 =?
ez
Ans: abc, 208∠-110°
(b) 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 160∠30° , 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 160∠ − 90° 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑏𝑛 =?

R Ans: acb, 160∠150°
𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 80∠50° , 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 80∠ − 70° 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑛 =?

r
(c)
Ans: abc, 160∠170°
ha
a
ez
(d) 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 200. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 + 10° ) , 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 200. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 230° )
ik
Ans: acb
R
Ift
(e) 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 200. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 230° ) , 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 200. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 110° )
Ans: acb
h ar
33.
(a) 𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 110∠30° & Assume positive (abc) phase sequence;
ik
Determine 𝑉𝑎𝑛 =? 𝑉𝑐𝑛 =?

Ans: 110∠150° , 110∠−90°
Ift
(b) 𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 208∠20° , Assume positive (abc) phase sequence & Y-connection;
Determine 𝑉𝑎𝑏 =? 𝑉𝑏𝑐 =? 𝑉𝑎𝑛 =? 𝑉𝑏𝑛 =?
59
Ans: 208∠-100°, 208∠140°, 120.088∠-130°, 120.088∠110°
34.
a
ez
R
230.94∠-30°
230.94∠-150°
230.94∠+90°
230.94∠+30°
230.94∠+150°
230.94∠-90°
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
60
𝑉𝐿 (Line voltage) = VL-L (Line-Line) (source or Load side)
a
= 𝑉𝑎𝑏 / 𝑉𝑏𝑐 / 𝑉𝑐𝑎 (source side)
ez
= 𝑉𝐴𝐵 / 𝑉𝐵𝐶 /𝑉𝐶𝐴 (Load side)
R
𝑉𝑃 (phase voltage) = VL-N (Line-Neutral) (source or Load side)
= 𝑉𝑎𝑛 / 𝑉𝑏𝑛 / 𝑉𝑐𝑛 (source side)

r
ha
= 𝑉𝐴𝑁 / 𝑉𝐵𝑁 / 𝑉𝐶𝑁 ( load side)
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
𝐼𝐿 (Line current) = I source-Load (only Load side)

ar
= 𝐼𝑎𝐴 / 𝐼𝑏𝐵 / 𝐼𝑐𝐶

h
= 𝐼𝑎 / 𝐼𝑏 / 𝐼𝑐
ik
Ift
𝐼𝑃 (phase current) = ILoad-Load (only Load side)
= 𝐼𝐴𝐵 / 𝐼𝐵𝐶 / 𝐼𝐶𝐴

61
35.
(a)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
Ans: 6.81∠-21.8° A, 6.81∠-141.8° A, 6.81∠+98.2° A
R
Ift
(b)
Y-connected balanced three-phase generator with an impedance of (0.4+j0.3)Ω per phase

is connected to a Y-connected balanced load with an impedance of (24+j19)Ω per phase.
ar
The line joining the generator and the load has an impedance of (0.6+j0.7)Ω per phase.
h
Assuming a positive sequence for the source voltages and 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 120∠30° 𝑣
Find the line currents = ?

ik
Ans:
Ift
62
36.
(a)
a
ez
Ans: 33.54∠-16.57°, 33.54∠-136.57°, 33.54 ∠+103.43°
(b) R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
37.
(a)
h
ik
Ans: 22.86∠6.87°, 22.86∠-113.13°, 22.86∠126.87°

Ift
(b)
63
a
38.
ez
(a)
R Ans:
r
, ,
ha
a
(b)
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
64
a
ez
39. Find line currents=?
(a)
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
Ans: 56.784 A, 25.46∠+135° A, 42.76∠-155.1° A

ar
(b)
h
ik
Ift
65
a
ez
R
r
Ans: 15.56∠-68.97° A, 5.88∠31.93°, 15.56∠132.82° A
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
66
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
67
40.
(a) A unbalanced Y-Load has balanced phase voltage of 100 v having acb sequence.
Calculate the line currents and the neutral current =?
Consider 𝑍𝐴 = 15 Ω, 𝑍𝐵 = (10 + 𝑗5) Ω, 𝑍𝐶 = (6 − 𝑗8) Ω
Ans: 10.06∠-1.526° A
a
(b)
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
(c) A unbalanced Y-Load has balanced voltage of 100 v having acb sequence.
h
Calculate the line currents and the neutral current =?

Consider 𝑍𝐴 = 15 Ω, 𝑍𝐵 = (10 + 𝑗5) Ω, 𝑍𝐶 = (6 − 𝑗8) Ω
ik
Ans:
Ift
68
41.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
Ans : 2590 W, 4807.7 W; 7450.93 VA, angle=-6.81°
h
ik
Ift
69
42.
(a)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans : 2360 W, -632 W
ez
(b)
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Hints: convert Y⇒Del, Ans: 205.2 W, 371.688 W
70
(c) Find wattmeter reading = ?
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 208∠0° 𝑣 , 𝑉𝑏𝑐 = 208∠ − 120° 𝑣 , 𝑉𝑐𝑎 = 208∠120° 𝑣
ez
Ans:
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
71
Two Wattmeter Method
43.
(a)
a
ez
Ans: 981.2 W, 2479.896 W
(b)
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
72
44.
(a)
a
ez
Ans: 1220 W, 311.77 VAR, 0.9689 (lagging), 38.44 angle +14.33
(b)
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
45.
Dhaka WASA-2017
Ift
The ratio of the readings of two watt-meters connected to measure power in a balanced
3-phase, 3-wire inductive load is 5:3. Calculate the power factor of the load?
Ans: 0.9177 (lagging)
73
46.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 13.66 A
ez
47.
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 514.1142 * 3 = 1542.3429 W
74
48.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 430.64 W
Hints: Convert “Delta-Y” both for source & Load, then apply Millmen Theorem
ez
ik
49.
In a balanced Y-load, Z=17+12i; if the coil in phase C is short-circuited.
R
Ift
Find impedance per phase=?

Ans: 34+ 24i, 17+ 12i, 17+12i
ar
50. Check phase sequence when 𝑉𝐿 = 141 𝑣
h
ik
Ift
75
Ans: abc
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
76
I = I0 + I1 Sint + I2 Sin(2t + 2 ) + I3 Sin(3t + 3 ) + I4 Sin(4t + 4 ) + … … …
√𝑰𝟐𝟎 𝑰𝟏𝟐 +𝑰𝟐𝟐 + 𝑰𝟑𝟐 + 𝑰𝟒𝟐 +⋯

𝑰𝒓.𝒎.𝒔. = + 𝟐
a
×× Im = √𝟐Io2 + I12 + I22 + I32 + I42 ××
ez
51. **
R
(a) v(t) = 5 + 100. Sin(t+30) − 50. Sin(3t+60) + 25. Sin5t , 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 =?
Ans: 81.1634154 v
(b)
r
v(t) = 20 + 60. Cos100t
I(t) = 1 − 0.5. Sin(100t+10)
ha
a
ez
Find RMS value of V & I, Complex power=?
ik
Solve:
602
R
Ift
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ 202 + = 10√22 = 46.904 𝑣

2
0.52 3√2
𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ 12 + = = 1.06 𝐴
2 4
h ar
1
P = 20×1 + × 60 × 0.5 × 𝐶𝑜𝑠100 = 17.39527733 𝑊
2
ik
S = 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝐼𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 15√11 𝑉𝐴

𝑃
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 = = 0.3496582306
𝑆
Ift
Complex power = 𝑆 = 15√11 69.533 = 17.395 + 𝑗46.61
77
52. ** ( Titas Gas-2021 ) P-253 Corcoran
v(t) = 100. Sin(t+30) − 50. Sin(3t+60) + 25. Sin5t

I(t) = 20. Sin(t-30) + 15. Sin(3t+30) + 10. Cos(5t-60)
a
Find
(i) Power Factor
(ii) Simplified Expression for V(t) & I(t)
ez
0.1838038781; 25√21 0 v, 5√29 -79.41 A
Solve:
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
53.
h
V(t) = 300 Cos (5000t + 78) v

ik
I(t) = 6 Sin (5000t + 123) A

Ift
How much time current is out of phase with voltage?
Ans: 50 sec
78
Phase Shift & Phase Difference
a
54. Alexander Sadiku Exc-9.80
ez
Calculate the value of R that will produce a
(a) phase shift of 75°
(b) phase shift of 45° R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
Ans: 231.3900016 , 25.39822369 Ω
R
Ift
55. Find the value of frequency to make the phase shift 25
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 1315.871787 Hz
79
56. Alexander Sadiku Exc-9.77
Find the frequency when Phase shift is 45°
a
ez
R Ans: 1.59154931 MHz
r
ha
a
ez
ik
57.
Find the value of frequency to make the phase difference 25
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 6051.575831 Hz
80
58.
Find the value of frequency to make the phase difference -25
a
ez
R
Ans: 0.03957579032 Hz, 0.325348488 Hz
r
ha
a
ez
ik
59.
Find the value of frequency to make the phase difference -45
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 0.4774648293 Hz
81
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
82
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
83
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
84
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
85
First order Circuit

60.
(a)
a
ez
R
r
Ans:
ha
a
ez
ik
(b)
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
86
(c)
a
ez
R
r
Ans:
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
87
61.
(a)
a
ez
R
r
Ans:
ha
a
, 2.25 J
ez
ik
R
Ift
(b)
h ar
ik
Ift
88
62.
(a)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
(b)
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ans:
Ift
89
(c)
a
ez
R Ans:
r
ha
a
ez
ik
(d)
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ans:
Ift
, 20.902 v, 27.97 v
90
(e)
a
ez
R
r
(f)
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
Ans:
ik
Ift
91
(g)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
(h)
**
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: -5+ 15. e -2(t-2)
92
63. **
a
ez
R
(e) Determine the time necessary for the capacitor voltage to decay to 40% of its value at
t=0
r
Ans: 5 mF, 50 ohm; 0.25 sec; 250 mJ; 86.643 ms; 0.2291 sec
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
93
64. * Exc-7.13
a
ez
v(t) = 20. e -1000t V, t>0
R
i(t) = 4. e -1000t mA, t>0
(a) Find R,L, time constant

(b) find the Power dissipated in the resistance for t=0.2 ms
(c) find the energy dissipated in the resistance for 0<t<0.5 ms
r
ha
Ans: 5 H, 5 k, 1 ms; 53.6256 mW; 25.28 J
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
94
65.
(a)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: -2. e-16t
Hints: Find iL(t) ; V0(t)= VR(t)+VL(t) = 3 iL(t)+ L (diL(t)/dt)
ez
(b)
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 1.2 e-3t
95
(c)
a
ez
R Ans: 2.e-5t
66. *
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
Ans: 13.33 ohm
h
67.
ik
Ift
96
Solve:
a
68.
ez
(a) VC(t)=? Where is(t)=5.u(t)
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
Ans: 30-30.e-0.5t
R
Ift
(b) V0(t)=?
where Vs= 6.u(t) V0(0)= 1v
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 4-3.e-14.285t
97
(c)
a
ez
R
Ans:
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
(d)
*
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 6.e-4t
98
(e)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 20.e-8t v, 10-5.e-8t A
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
99
69.
(a)
a
ez
R Ans:
Hints: First find VC(t)

r
ha
a
(b)
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
Ans:
ik
Ift
100
(c)
a
ez
R
r
ha
Ans:
a
,
ez
ik
(d)
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
101
(e)
a
ez
R
r
ha
Ans:
a
ez
(f)
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
102
(g)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 5. e-33t
(h)
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 6 – 3 𝑒 −50𝑡
Hints: VC() = - 2 v
103
Delay Circuit
67. *
a
ez
R
(i) R1= 1.5 M, 0 < R2 < 2.5 M
r
Calculate the extreme limits of time constant
ha
a
(ii) R1= 1.5 M, R2= 2.5 M
ez
How long does it take for the Lamp to glow for the first time after the
ik
switch been closed

Ans: 0.15 sec, 0.4 sec;
R
Ift
Hints: 70 v indicate the minimum voltage for the to glow

ar
Solve:
h
ik
Ift
104
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
105
68.
(a) * (NWPGCL-2018)
A resistance R and a 4 uF capacitor are connected in series across a 200 v DC supply. Across the
capacitor, there is a neon Lamp that strikes (glows) at 120 V. Calculate the value of R to make the
Lamp strike (glow) 5 seconds after the switch has been closed.
a
Ans: 1364.2 k
ez
(b) * Ex 7.21
R Ans: 0.1962 ms
(c)
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
(d) A resistor ‘R’ and 2μF capacitor in series is connected through a switch to 20 v direct
ar
supply. Across the capacitor, a neon bulb is connected that lights up at 120 v.
Calculate the value of R to make the bulb lights up 5sec after the switch has been
closed.
h
ik
Ift
106
69.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
107
Charging time = 5𝑅1 𝐶

Firing time = 𝑅1 𝐶
a
dis-charging time = 5𝑅2 𝐶
ez
where R1 = camera resistance = current limiting resistance
P1 = delivered power = W / firing time P2 = dissipated power = W / tdis-charge
R2 = photo Lamp resistance
70. * Ex-7.20 R
r
Find
ha
(a) peak charging current
a
(b) time required for the capacitor to be fully charged
(c) peak dis-charging current
ez
(d) total energy stored in capacitor
ik
(e) dis-charging time

(f) average power delivered to flashgun (camera) & dissipated by the Lamp
R
Ans: 40 mA, 60 sec, 20 A, 57.6 J, 0.12 sec, 480 w
Ift
71. * P.P-7.20
h ar
ik
Ift
108
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
109
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
110
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
111
Second Order Circuit

Characteristics equation:
a
𝑠 2 + 2 𝑛 𝑠 + 2𝑛 = 0
ez
𝑠 2 + 2 𝑠 + 2𝑛 = 0
  =  𝒏
R
r
For over-damped response, 1
ha
a
For under-damped response, 1
ez
For critically-damped response, 1
ik
R
Ift
𝑛 = resonance frequency
 = damping ratio
ar
 = neper frequency
𝑠1 , 𝑠2 = natural frequency (poles)

h
ik
Ift
112
1. Source Free Series RLC circuit:
a
ez
R
(দ্বিঘাত সমীকরণের সমাধান)
r
ha
a
ez
ik
2. Source Free Parallel RLC circuit:
R
Ift
ar
h
ik
Ift
(দ্বিঘাত সমীকরণের সমাধান)
113
72.
a
ez
(i)
R Ans: over-damped; -0.101, -9.899

Hints: Find damping ratio=?
r
ha
a
(ii)
ez
ik
R
Ift
73.
har
ik
Ift
Ans: 0.5 (underdamped)
114
74.
a
ez
Ans: 120
R
r
75.
ha
a
ez
ik
Ans: 6 mF
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
115
76. (i) Exc 8.9
a
Ans:
ez
Hints: check type of the response, then
R
i (t) = (A1 + A2t) est (Critical)
(over)
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
(ii)
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans:
116
77.
a
ez
Ans:
78.
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
Ans: 40 mF
ar
Hints:
h
ik
Ift
117
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
118
Resonance Circuit
a
Resonance means purely resistive circuit
ez
 a circuit with unity Power factor
 no phase difference between Voltage & Current
R
Series Resonance:
r
Im (𝑍𝑖𝑛 ) = 0
ha
a
ez
|𝑍(𝜔1 )| = |𝑍(𝜔2 )| = √2 𝑅 (Only for Simple Series connection)
ik
R
Ift
Parallel Resonance:
ar
Parallel resonance circuit is the dual of Series resonance circuit
1
Im (𝑌𝑖𝑛 ) = 0  Im ( )=0
h
𝑍𝑖𝑛
ik
𝑅
|𝑍(𝜔1 )| = |𝑍(𝜔2 )| = (Only for Simple Parallel connection)
√2
Ift
119
79. v(t) = 20.Sinωt (v)
Determine
(i) resonance Frequency
(ii) Current at resonance frequency
(iii) Power at resonance frequency
a
ez
(a) R=2Ω L = 1 mH C = 0.4 µF
R Ans:
50 krad/s
5√2 A
100 W
r
ha
a
(b)
ez
ik
Ans:
2.179 rad/s
R
Ift
20√2 A
400 W
ar
(c)
h
ik
Ans:
0.7861513778 rad/s,
37.02459174 A,
Ift
523.6967977 W
120
80.I(t) = 200.Sinωt (mA)
Determine
(i) Resonance Frequency
(ii) Voltage at Resonance frequency
(iii) Power at resonance frequency
a
ez
(a) R = 8k L = 0.2 mH C = 8 µF
R Ans:
25 krad/s
1131.37085 v
160 W
r
ha
a
ez
(b)
ik
Ans:
2 rad/s
R
Ift
1
𝐴
√2
0.1 W
ar
(c)
h
Ans:
2357.027907 rad/s
ik
0.1414149926 v
19.99910004 mW
Ift
121
(d)
Ans:
4841.229183 rad/s
113.137085 V
a
16 W
ez
R
r
ha
a
(e)
ez
ik
R
Ift
Ans: 5 krad/s
h ar
ik
Ift
122
81. v(t) = 20.Sinωt (v)
Determine
(i) Half Power Frequencies
(ii) Current at Half Power frequencies
(iii) Power at Half Power frequencies
a
ez
(a) R = 2 Ω L = 1 mH C = 0.4 µF
Ans:
49009.999 rad/s
R 51009.999 rad/s
5∠45° A, 5∠-45° A
50 W
r
ha
a
ez
(b)
ik
Ans:
1.9364916731 rad/s
2.44948974278 rad/s
R
Ift
17.88854382∠37.76° A A
22.36067977513∠-50.77° A
200 W
ar
(c)
h
Ans:
ik
0.66587680595 rad/s
0.93855034873 rad/s
29.19348131624∠50.7° A
Ift
23.64341660435∠-38.47° A
261.8033989 W
123
82. I(t) = 200.Sinωt (mA)
Determine
(i) Half Power Frequencies
(ii) Voltage at Half Power frequencies
(iii) Power at Half Power frequencies
a
ez
(a) R = 8k L = 0.2 mH C = 8 µF
Ans:
R 24992.1887207031 rad/s
25007.8137207031 rad/s
800∠45° v
800∠-45° v
r
80 W
ha
a
ez
(b)
ik
Ans:
1.04929524655 rad/s
3.30136024777 rad/s
R
Ift
0.3846269977∠23.2° v
0.5933481883∠-53.426° v
50 mW
ar
(c)
h
Ans:
49.95505660985 rad/s
111776.92729672683 rad/s
ik
0.0999977906∠45.001° v
0.09533982438∠-42.13° v
Ift
9.99955002 mW
124
(d)
Ans:
4233.21522416966 rad/s
5524.25459821126 rad/s
70.62257748∠36.7744° v
a
90.62257748∠-51.3749° v
ez
8 W
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
125
83. Determine
(i) Bandwidth
(ii) Quality Factor
v(t) = 20.Sinωt (v)
a
(a) R = 2 Ω L = 1 mH C = 0.4 µF
ez
Ans:
2 krad/s
R 25
r
ha
a
(b)
ez
ik
Ans:
0.5129980697 rad/s
R 4.248455502
Ift
h ar
(c)
Ans:
ik
0.2726735428 rad/s
2.883123055
Ift
126
84. I(t) = 200.Sinωt (mA)
Determine
(i) Bandwidth
(ii) Quality Factor
a
ez
(a) R = 8k L = 0.2 mH C = 8 µF
Ans:
15.625 rad/s
R 1600
r
ha
a
(b)
ez
Ans:
2.252065001 rad/s
ik
0.888073834
R
Ift
ar
(c)
Ans:
h
111.7269722 krad/s
0.02109631953
ik
Ift
127
(d)
Ans:
1.291039374 krad/s
3.749869509
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
128
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
129
Filter
A Filter is a frequency selective device.
a
ez
Passive Filter: (Series & Parallel resonance)
R
r
Active Filter:
ha
a
ez
ik
There are 4 types of filters whether passive or active:

R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
130
Why Active Filter over Passive Filter:

Passive Filters:
1.
a
ez
2.
3.
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
131
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Gain = H(0)
ez
ik
= d.c. gain
= Low Frequency gain
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
132
Low-Pass Filter High-Pass Filter
a
ez
R
Band-Stop Filter
r
Band-Pass Filter
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
133
85. *
Show that a series RL circuit is a Low pass filter if the output is taken from resistor.
Find the corner frequency (cut-off frequency) if L=2 mH & R= 10k
Ans: 796 kHz
a
86. *
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
Ans: High Pass, 318.3 Hz

R
Ift
87. *
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: Low Pass
134
88. *
a
ez
R Ans: High Pass
r
ha
a
89. Type of the Filter=? Find cut-off frequency=?
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
Ans: Low-Pass, 1/RC Ans: High-Pass, 1/RC

h
ik
Ift
135
90. **
Determine the cut-off (corner frequency) frequency of the filter described by the
following transfer function
a
ez
Ans: 0.2 rad/sec
91.
(a)
R
Ans: 1.256 k
r
ha
(b)
a
ez
Ans: 25.132 k
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
136
92. P.P-14.11
a
ez
Determine type of the Filter =? ( Ans: Band-Pass )
R
r
ha
a
ez
93.
ik
Hints:
B= R/L
R
Ift
w0= 1/root (LC)

h ar
ik
Ift
137
94.
(a)
If a bandpass filter is to reject a 200-Hz sinusoid while passing other frequencies.

Calculate the values of L and C assuming R= 150  and bandwidth as 100 Hz
a
Ans: 0.2387 H, 2.653 uF
ez
(b) P.P-14.11
R
Design a RLC series bandpass filter with lower cut-off frequency off 20.1 kHz and upper cut-off
frequency of 20.3 kHz assuming R= 20 k
r
ha
a
(c) Exc-14.53
ez
Design a series RLC type bandpass filter with cutoff frequencies of 10 kHz and 11 kHz. Assume C= 80 pF
ik
Ans: 18.032 k, 2.87 mH, 10.5
1 +2
0 =
Hints:
R
Ift
2
ar
(d) Exc 14.55
Determine the range of frequencies that will be passed by a series RLC bandpass filter with R= 10 , L=
h
25 mH, C= 0.4 F
ik
Ans: 1.56 kHz, 1.62 kHz

Ift
138
(e)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
139
95.
a
ez
Solve:
R Ans: 1 rad/s, 3 rad/s
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
140
96.
a
ez
Ans: 1 rad/s, 3 rad/s
Solve: R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
141
97. Determine which type of Filter
& cut-off/center frequency=?
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: Low-Pass, 1/R2C Ans: High-Pass, 1/R1C
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
142
Solve:
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
143
98.
a
ez
R
r
Ans: Band-Pass
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
144
99.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 23.534 mv, 107.33 mv
ez
Solve:
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
145
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
146
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
147
Magnetically Coupled Circuit
a
ez
R
Its convenient to find Zin if possible for coupling network
r
ha
Solve complex equation online:
a
Wolfram|Alpha Widgets: "Solve Complex Linear Equiations" - Free Mathematics Widget
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
148
100.
(a)
a
ez
R
Hints: Use input impedance formula
Ans: 13.01∠-49.39°, 2.91∠+14.04
r
ha
a
(b)
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik

Ift
149
(c)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
(d) Find input impedance=?

R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ans:
Ift
150
101.
(a) ** Exc 13.17 𝑍𝐿 is a 15 mH inductor having an impedance of j40 ohm.
Determine Zin when k=0.6
a
ez
R Ans: 13.072 + j25.856
r
(b) * Exc 13.25
ha
a
Zin=?
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
Ans: 5.43548 + j0.463647

h
Hints: M(Hnry), jwM=j1, 4+ ()

ik
Ift
151
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
152
102.
(a) Find Norton equivalent across a-b:
a
ez
R Ans: 1.8853∠18.4° , 1.62455∠-12.907° A; 3.063∠5.49° v
r
ha
a
(b)
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
Ans: 1+j19.5 ohm; 0.687∠6.37°;

ik
Ift
153
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
154
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
155
103.
(a)
a
ez
R
Ans: k= 0.56, 20.73 J
r
ha
(b) *
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik

I1(t)= 3.92∠11.31°
I2(t)= 2.77∠56.31°
Ift
156
104.
(a)
a
ez
R
Ans: 20.3 angle +3.5, 8.7 angle +19.03
r
ha
a
ez
ik
(b) *
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
(5+j2) I1 - j3 I2= 12<60

-3 I1 + 2 I2= 0
157
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
158
105.
a
ez
R Ans: 0.5 A, -1.5 A
r
ha
a
106. For the ideal transformer, find
The source current =? Output voltage =?
ez
Complex power supplied by the source =?
ik
(a)
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ans: 11.09∠33.69° A; 110.94∠-146.31° v, 1330.8∠-33.69° VA

+𝑉0
Hints: Apply voltage divider rule, 𝑘= −𝑉0′
Ift
159
(b)
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
(c)
ez
ik
R
Ift
ar
Find
Ans: 21.06∠147.43° v, 42.1∠147.42° v; V2=V0; 1553.88∠20.05°
h
ik
Ift
160
107. * Exc 13.43
a
ez
Ans: 16.744 v , 66.9767 v
Hints: Use source transformation; Zin can’t be found directly

R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
108. * (P-579)
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 5.3 W
161
109.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
162
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
163
110.
(a) Exc 13.51
a
ez
Ans: 2.95∠10.62°
(b) R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
Ans: 6 A, 0.36 A; -60 v
R
Ift
111. *
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 0.5, 90 w
164
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
112. *
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans: 5; 8 w
Hints: Use source Transformation or Find Zout
165
113. *
a
ez
Ans: 1323.41 angle 53.05286
114.
R
r
ha
a
Ans:
ez
HInts: Find Zin
ik
R
Ift
h ar
RSource= RLoad (primary)

ik
Ift
166
115. *
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R Ans: 0.25
Ift
116. *
h ar
ik
Ift
167
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
168
a
ez
R
Auto Transformer
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
169
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
170
Additive polarity
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
Kauto= Nout / Nin
171
Subtractive polarity
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Kauto= Nout / Nin

Ift
117.
172
(a) *
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 48 VA, 1008 VA
ez
𝐾𝑉𝐴𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜 𝐾𝑎𝑢𝑡𝑜
ik
=
𝐾𝑉𝐴2 𝐾2
R
Ift
(b) *
h ar
ik
Ift
173
118.
(a) *
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Find I1, I2, I0=? &
ez
Ans: 75<-6.85, 30<-6.87, 45<173.13; 9<36.87
Hints:
ik
Use Zin fomula
R
Ift
(b) *
h ar
ik
Ift
Ans:
3.64-105.84
174
(c) *
a
ez
R
r
Ans: 3.985 w
ha
a
ez
119. **
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
175
120. *
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 1200-j2000; 48 w
ez
Hints:
Use Zin formula
ik
R
Ift
121. *
h ar
ik
Ift
176
122. *
a
Ans: 56 A
ez
123. *
R
An auto-transformer with a 40% tap is supplied by 400-v, 60-Hz source and is used for step-down
operation. A 5-kVA load operating at unity power factor is connected to the secondary. Find
(a) secondary voltage

(b) secondary current
r
(c) primary current Ans: 160 v, 31.25 A, 12.5 A
ha
a
Hints: kauto=0.4
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
177
a
ez
R
Solve:
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
178
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
179
Two Port Network
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
180
124. **
a
ez
Ans:
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
125.
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ans:
Ift
181
*
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
126. *
h ar
ik
Ift
182
*
a
ez
R
r
Ans:
ha
a
0.15, -0.05
-0.25, 0.25
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
183
127. *
a
ez
Ans: 4 2/3 Ans: 1.2 0.4
128.
-2/3 1/9 R -0.4 0.4
r
ha
a
Ans:
Zth= 51.46
ez
Vth= -29.69
ik
R
Ift
ar
129. **
h
ik
Ift
184
130.
*
a
Ans:
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
Ans:
h ar
ik
Ift
185
131. *
a
Ans:
ez
1.765 15.29
1/17 20/17
R
r
ha
a
ez
**
ik
R
Ift
Ans:
1.5 11
0.25 2.5
h ar
ik
Ift
186
132. *
a
ez
R
r
Ans: 8 ohm, 3.125 W
ha
a
ez
ik
133.
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
187
134. Find [z] parameter
a
ez
R Ans:
r
Solve:
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
188
135. * Determine [h] parameter
a
ez
R Ans:
Solve:
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
189
136.
a
ez
R Ans:
r
ha
Solve:
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
190
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
191
Extension
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
192
137.
a
ez
138.
R
r
ha
a
Ans: 93.14 mv, 1.736 v (both verified)
ez
ik
139.
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
193
140.
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
141.
ik
R
Ift
ar
142.
h
ik
Ans: -18 A, 324 J

Ift
194
a
ez
R
r
ha
a
ez
ik
R
Ift
h ar
ik
Ift
195

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Iftikhar Reza ( Iftikhar Reza | Facebook )

Assistant Engineer, JGTDSL

4. Phase Shift & Phase Difference

6. 2nd order Circuit

Ans: 444/61=7.28 Ω Ans: 0

Ans: 2.4 Ω Ans: 1320/49= 26.94 Ω

Ans: 183/19 = 9.63 Ω

5. Node, Super-node Analysis

Ans: 3.043 v, -6.956 v, 0.6522 v

Ans: -3.2 A, 2.8 A

Ans: 3.474 A, 0.4737 A, 1.1052 A

Ans: -7.5 A, -3.5 A, 3.93 A, 1.1052 A

Hints: when voltage source current ( - ⇒ + ),

Ans: -40/9 v, 98.77 w

Ans: 4, 2, 4/3, 2/3 Ans: 4, 2, 1, 2

Ans: 10/9 v Ans: 8v,8v

Ans: 10.67 A, 33.78 v

(q) Io/Is=? (r) Vx=? Ix=?

Ans: -4, 2.105 A

Ans: -5/6 A, 50/3 v

𝑰𝑵 = Short-circuit current at the terminals

Ans: 22.5, 40 v, 16/9 A

Ans: 25, -28v, -1.12 A

Ans: 20, -49.2 v, -2.46 A

Ans: 10/3, 10v, 3 A

Ans: 27/7, 4 v; 45/14, 15v

Ans: 4/9, 16/3 v, 12 A

Ans: -7.5, 0v, 0 A

Ans: -4(Supply power), -12 v, 3A

Ans: 2000, -80 v, -40mA

Ans: 0.4762, 1.19v

shown in the table

Ans: 1.2857 A, 8.1 W

𝐴 = 𝐴 ± 360

Ans: 3.16 Ans: 6.67

Ans: 5.657 v, 5.334 W

Ans: 12.4-3.2i, 18.97∠-51.56° v

Ans: 3.415-0.7317i, 6.246∠-51.34° v, 1.428 W

Ans: 30 ohm, 6.85 W

R Ans: 12.88 Ω, j9.6 Ω

Ans: 240 VA, 0.866 (leading); 25.98 ohm, 212.2 uF

V(t)= 90. Cos(5t-10°) v, I(t)= 10. Sin(5t+30°) A

Find element values of the Load ?

Ans: 3.785 Ω, 2.18 H

(g) A series RLC circuit has

an alternating voltage 100. Cos(500t+60°) v is applied to the series combination, the

Find the value of R=? X=? supply voltage=?

Find R=? X=?

From Circuit Diagram,

Load 2: 120 Ω resistor in series with a capacitor of 25.4 mH

Load 3: 60 Ω resistor in series with another 80 Ω resistor

(e) 𝐿1 = 12𝑊, 𝐿2 = 6𝑊, 𝐿3 = 3𝑊, voltage across bulb 𝐿1 = 24𝑣

Ans: -1 + 2.5 Cos(2t-30.74°) + 2.328 Cos(5t-77.91°)

Ans: 4.63 Cos (5t-171.12°) + 1.05 Cos (10t-86.24°)

27. Find I=? when e = 12 + 10. Sin2t

Find 𝑉0 =? For 1st harmonics only

R Ans: 385.67+ 600 Sin(20t+ 80°)

32. Determine the phase sequence of the balanced system

(b) 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 160∠30° , 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 160∠ − 90° 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑏𝑛 =?

𝑉𝑏𝑛 = 80∠50° , 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 80∠ − 70° 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝑉𝑎𝑛 =?

(e) 𝑉𝑎𝑛 = 200. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 230° ) , 𝑉𝑐𝑛 = 200. 𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝑡 − 110° )

Determine 𝑉𝑎𝑛 =? 𝑉𝑐𝑛 =?

𝑉𝐿 (Line voltage) = VL-L (Line-Line) (source or Load side)

= 𝑉𝑎𝑛 / 𝑉𝑏𝑛 / 𝑉𝑐𝑛 (source side)