Utilization of Electrical Power

(M2H621476)

Electric Drives-1
Characteristics of DC Series
Ref: Section 1.16- Text Book p (15-
18)
 DC Shunt Motor
Basic Circuit
Basic Equations I Ia
+
𝑉 = 𝐸𝑏 + 𝐼 𝑎 𝑅 𝑎 Ra
If
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1∅𝑁
Rf
V
𝑇 = 𝐾2∅𝐼𝑎 Eb

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 DC Series Motor
Basic Equations Basic Circuit

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑎 (𝑅𝑎 +𝑅𝑓 ) + 𝐸𝑏

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑎 𝑅 𝑚 + 𝐸𝑏

∅ ∝ 𝐼𝑎

𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1𝐼𝑎𝑁
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1∅𝑁

𝑇 = 𝐾2∅𝐼𝑎 𝑇 = 𝐾2𝐼𝑎 2

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 Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
1. Speed vs Armature Current (NvsIa )
𝐸𝑏 = 𝐾1∅𝑁

𝑁 = 𝑁0 −𝐾𝑁 𝐼𝑎 𝐸
𝑁 ∝ ∅𝑏

For shunt motor Field current is

constant. So Flux ∅ is constant .
Therefore speed is
to Eb
proportional
As Ia increases Eb decreases - Speed 𝑁 ∝ 𝐸𝑏
N decreases;
Or: As armature current
increases
Speed decreases
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 Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
1. Torque vs Armature Current

Since flux Ø is a constant, T is proportional to Ia; Straight line

As Ia increases armature reaction increases– flux decreases – So
for higher values of Ia, the effective or net torque will be slightly
less than the gross torque.
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 Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
1. Speed vs Torque Characteristic
 Torque T is proportional to armature current
Ia
 As Ia Increases speed decreases

Speed Torque characteristic will be

same as Speed armature current
characteristic

As Torque increases, Ia increases

Eb decreases - Speed N
decreases;
𝑁 = 𝐶 − 𝐷𝑇
Or: As torque increases Speed
decreases, butEnvironment
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 Characteristics – DC Series
1. Motors
Speed vs Armature Current (NvsIa ) 𝐸 = 𝐾 ∅𝑁 𝑏 1

𝐸
𝑁 ∝ ∅𝑏

𝑉 − 𝐼𝑎 𝑅𝑒
𝑁∝
𝐼𝑎

1
𝑁 ∝ 𝐼𝑎

Speed is also inversely proportional to 𝐼 𝑎 .

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 Characteristics – DC Series
1. Motors
Torque vs Armature Current (TvsIa )
flux Φ is directly proportional to Ia.

𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎2

Prior to magnetic saturation: Torque

increases as the square of armature
current

After magnetic saturation of the field winding, flux Φ is independent of armature current Ia.
Therefore, the torque varies proportional to Ia only, T α Ia.Therefore, after magnetic
saturation, Ta-Ia curve becomes straight line.

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 Characteristics of DC Series Motor
1. Speed vs Torque Characteristic
Torque T increase as square armature current 𝐼 𝑎 2 1
𝑁 ∝ 𝐼𝑎
Speed N inversely proportional to 𝐼𝑎
Speed N inversely proportional to 𝑇 ∝ ∅𝐼𝑎
𝑇
𝑇 ∝ 𝐼𝑎 2

𝐶1
𝑁= − 𝐷1
𝑇
Speed Torque characteristic
will be same as Speed
As Speed increases, Torque armature current
decreases -When speed is high, characteristi
torque is low and vice versa. c
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 Characteristics – DC Motors
1. Why Series motors are more suitable for loads which
require high starting torque?
2. Why a series motor should never be started without
some mechanical load?
3. Why shunt motor is called a constant speed motor?
4. What are the applications of DC Shunt motor? (Ref:
Table.4.1)
5. What are the applications of DC Series Motor? (Ref:
Table 4.1)

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