Military Careers and

Training
After completion of Basic Training, new recruits

undergo Advanced Individual Training (AIT), where

they learn the skills needed for their military jobs.
Officer trainees undergo more detailed programs
that may either precede or follow the common
recruit training in an officer training academy
(which may also offer a civilian degree program
simultaneously) or in special classes at a civilian
university. During recruit training, drill instructors
do everything possible to push a recruit to his or
her physical and mental limits.

Basic vs. Advanced Military

Training

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Military Careers and

Training
Areas covered during BMT:

- fieldcraft vs.
= basicAdvanced
infantry skills or camouflage
and
Basic
Military
concealment and tactical use of ground;
Training
- military education;
- endurance, adventure and initiative trening;
- physical fitness and education
- administration = the day to day management of a

unit;
- weapons handling;
- map reading;
- drill = routine procedure.
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Military Careers and

Training

What kind of basic military training do new

Basic
Advanced
Military
enlisteesvs.
in your
military attend?
What do
they learn?How long does BMT usually last?
Training

What is the rank and title of BMT instructors?

How is BMT different between military

branches?
enlistee = persons who join armed forces as a
career
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Branches of the
Definition:
Armed
Forces
it lists the service
branches subordinate to
defense ministries or the equivalent
(typically ground, naval, air, and marine
forces)
Land Forces
Naval Forces (Forele Navale, FN)
Romanian Air Force (Forele Aeriene Romne,

FAR)

branch of service = categorie de for

armat
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Branches
A. COMBAT TROOPS = fore lupttoare
Classification
Armor troops trupe blindate
Armored reconnaissance troops trupe de
cercetare blindate
Mechanized/armored infantry troops trupe de
infanterie mecanizat/blindat
Airborne infantry troops trupe de infanterie
aeromobile
Non-armored/motorized infantry infanterie moto
Anti tank troops trupe antitanc
Mountain infantry troops trupe de vntori de
munte
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Branches
B. COMBAT SUPPORT TROOPS fore de
Classification
asigurare
Artillery (armoured) troops trupe de artilerie
Engineer (armored) troops trupe de geniu
blindate
Army anti-air defense troops trupe a.a. ale
trupelor de uscat
NBC defense troops trupe de protecie NBC
Army aviation troops trupe de aviaie ale
trupelor de uscat
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Branches
Classification
C. COMBAT SERVICE SUPPORT TROOPS
fore de asigurare logistic
Maintenance troops trupe de ntreinere i
reparaii
Supply support troops trupe de
aprovizionare
Medical troops trupe medicale
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Branches
D. COMBAT SUPPORT TROOPS fore de
Classification
comandament
Psychological defense troops trupe de
protecie psihologic
Signal troops trupe de transmisiuni
Military police troops trupe de poliie militar
Topographic troops trupe topografice
Long range reconnaissance troops trupe de
cercetare n adncime
Field intelligence troops trupe de cercetare a
cmpului de lupt
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Branches
E. MOB-AUGMENTATION completare prin
Classification
mobilizare
Replacement troops fore nlocuitoare
Security troops trupe de siguran
F.AVAILABILITY Disponibilitate
Fully available disponibilitate deplin
Cadre unit unitate ncadrat cu cadre
Equipment holding unitate care se mobilizeaz
Planned, projected planificat, proiectat
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Branch colors in the

Romanian Armed Forces
1. Marshals (all branches)

2.

3.
4.
5.
6.

RLF Generals except Military Medicine and

Military Justice
Infantry
Military Music
Red
ROAF (all staff)
Paratroopers
Radar Troops
Light blue
Military Medicine (incl. Generals)
Burgundy red
Mountain Troops (Vntori de Munte)
Green
Military Justice (incl. Generals)
Dark Blue
Military Police
Gray

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10

Branches of the U.S.

The United States
Armed Forces are the
Armed
Forces
federal military forces of the United States.
They consist of:
the

Army
Navy
Marine
Corps
Air Force
Coast Guard
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11

Branch colors in the

Romanian
Armed
5. RNF (all staff)
Artillery
Tanks
Forces

Military Automobile Troops

Anti-air Artillery and Missiles
Communication and Informatics Structures
Engineers Troops
NBC defence
Black
6. Military Logistics
Administration
Violet

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12

Types
of
personnel

Enlisted: Prospective service members are often

recruited from high school or college, the target
age ranges being 1835 in the Army, 1828 in the
Marine Corps, 1834 in the Navy, 1839 in the Air
Force, and 1827 (up to age 32 if qualified for
attending guaranteed "A" school) in the Coast
Guard. Those who join the armed forces as
volunteers
Non-commissioned officers: becoming a noncommissioned officer (NCO) in the U.S. military is
accomplished by progression through the lower
enlisted ranks. NCO ranks are generally attained
between three and six years of service.

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13

Types of personnel
Junior NCOs function as first-line supervisors and
squad leaders, training the junior enlisted in their
duties and guiding their career advancement.
Warrant officers: all services except for the Air
Force have an active warrant-officer corps. Above
the rank of Warrant Officer One, these officers
may also be commissioned, but usually serve in a
more technical and specialized role within units.
More recently though they can also serve in more
traditional leadership roles associated with the
more recognizable officer corps.
09/07/15

14

Practice

Match the branches of the army (1-6) listed below with

the definitions (a-f ).
BRANCH
ANSWER

DUTIES

1. Armor
a.to conduct area security operations, investigates crime 1 f
2.Engineers
b.to provide information about enemy troops
2 __
3. Infantry
c.to fight on foot, using personal weapons
3___
4. Logistics
d.to construct bridges, demolish obstacles, de-mine fields 4__
5.Military Intelligence e.to supply equipment, food, medication, provides
transport
5____
6.Military Police

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f.to combine tanks and armoured cavalry

6____

15

Practice
In pairs take turns to select a branch of the army
from the list below and explain to your partner
what the soldiers in that branch are responsible
for. Your partner has to guess which branch you
are talking about. Look at the example below.
Example: These soldiers carry out special operations.
They attack targets that are usually behind enemy
lines. Answer: Special Forces
Military Police
Engineers
Corps
Army Aviation Corps
Medical Corps
09/07/15

Military Intelligence
Special Forces

Artillery
Signal

Armour
Chemical Corps

Infantry
Logistics
16

Practice

a.Write about the activities of your branch.

b. Describe wartime scenarios typical of this
branch. An example has been provided.
Example. Special Forces
a.Activities include reconnaissance, observation,
sabotage, search and rescue operations.
b.Enemy soldiers capture one of your troops and
keep him prisoner of war. Special forces go into
the area, locate the person, neutralise the
enemy and rescue the soldier.

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17

Structure of
It comprises:
Romanian
Armed
Land Forces Staff, Air Force and Naval Forces
Staff which all report to The General Staff,
Forces
subordinated to the Ministry of Defense

General Secretariat of the Ministry of National

Defense
Defense Intelligence General Directorate
Department for Defense Policy and Planning
Department for Parliament Liaison and Public
Information
Armament Department

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18

Other important MoD

Structures

Human Resources Management Directorate

Financial - Accounting Directorate
Control and inspection corps
Internal Audit Directorate
Medical Assistance Directorate

The supreme commander of Romanian

Armed Forces is the President in times
of war
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19

Other important MoD

Structures
National Office for Heroes Memory
Directorate for the Prevention and

Investigation of Corruption and Fraud

National Defence University
Regional Department for Studies on the
Management of Defence Resources
Real Estate and Infrastructure Directorate

09/07/15

20

Important Landmarks
1860 - foundation of Romanian Armed Forces
It has its actual structure since 11th of April,
2000
1994
January, 26 - Romania signs the Partnership for
Peace Programme
The Great Staff becomes the General Staff
2002
November 21/22 Romania is invited to join NATO
together with other six European states at the
Prague Summit
09/07/15

21

Important Landmarks
The first Romanian troops are deployed to

Afghanistan within the ISAF operation

2004
April 2 The festivity of hoisting the
national flags of the seven new NATO
member states, Romanian inclusive, occurs
in NATO HQ, in Brussels

09/07/15

22

Written Assignment
Draft a description of the evolution of

ROAF, since its beginnings up to the

present moment. Make reference to
structure, organisation, endowment
(nzestrare) and historical landmarks.

09/07/15

23

Uniforms and
How many uniforms do you have?
Equipment
What do you call them?
When and where do you wear:

- a dress uniform
- an everyday uniform
- a combat dress uniform
- a fatigue uniform/fatigues clothing worn for
carrying out a non-military task (cleaning toilets,
clearing up rubbish, peeling potatoes, etc)
- a special uniform
- a working uniform
What does each of your uniforms include?
09/07/15

24

Uniforms and
Together with your partner try to answer the
Equipment
questions below.
If soldiers wear camouflage uniform, is it possible

to tell which country they come from?

When is the camouflage uniform used?
Which ranks wear forage caps in your country?
Why is the dress uniform usually made in bright
colours with golden epaulettes?
Why does a military uniform include so many
accessories like belts, aiguillettes, webbing and
pouches?
forage cap a peaked military head-dres with a
flat top, usually worn in barracks or on parade
09/07/15

25

Uniforms and
Write a short article for Soldier Magazine
Equipment
describing a uniform. Name the different

parts of the uniform, their importance and

purpose. Work in groups of four(200 words).
Here are some useful verbs to help you:

to include
to be made of/from
to allow
to offer protection from
to be customised
to be attached to
to be available
to develop
to design
09/07/15

26

Uniforms and
Equipment

09/07/15

27

Uniforms and
Military uniform
Equipment

is the standardised dress worn by members

of the armed forces and paramilitaries of various nations. The
purpose of military uniforms is to clearly distinguish combatants
who are protected by the laws of war from other persons
carrying weapons, who do not always enjoy such protection.

Camouflage
The use of natural or artificial material on personnel, objects or

tactical positions with the aim of confusing, misleading, or evading the

enemy.
All armies wear some form of camouflage uniforms for training and
active service. These generally resemble each other and armies in the
field are no longer differentiated by the distinctive cut or colour of
their clothing. Camouflage clothing, being cheap, comfortable and
practical, has increasingly become the usual dress for daily wear in
most armies.

09/07/15

28

Uniforms
and
Parade
Traditional coloured uniforms have long since given
Equipment
way to clothing more suited for actual combat in
modern conditions. Bright colours are now usually
reserved for wear by units having ceremonial
functions, some bands and officers attending formal
occasions. The United States Marine Corps are well
known for their traditional midnight blue tunics and
sky blue trousers (trimmed in red for NCO and above),
worn for formal occasions such as the Marine Corps
Birthday Ball in November. The British Household
Cavalry and Foot Guards wear uniforms largely
unchanged from 1914 for "public duties" i.e.
ceremonial.
09/07/15

29

Uniforms and
The Battle Dress Uniform (BDU) are fatigues
Equipment
that were used by the United States Armed
Forces as their standard uniform for combat
situations from the early 1980s to the mid2000s. Since then, it has been replaced or
supplanted in every branch of the U.S. Armed
Forces, except for certain elements of the U.S.
Coast Guard, which still use them as of 2013,
and the US Air Force Auxiliary Civil Air Patrol.

09/07/15

30

Uniforms and
The Army Combat Uniform (ACU) and, the
Equipment
Flame-Resistant Army Combat Uniform
(FRACU), are the current battle uniforms worn
by the United States Army. First unveiled in June
2004, it is the successor to the Battle Dress
Uniform (BDU) and Desert Camouflage Uniform
(DCU) worn from the 1980s and 1990s, through
the early 2000s, respectively.
The US Army now issues, for all theatres of
operations, the Army Combat Uniform (ACU),
which replaces the Battle Dress Uniform (BDU)
and the Desert Combat Uniform (DCU).
09/07/15

31

Weapons Let`s talk

about
it to own guns in your country?
Are people allowed
Are they allowed to carry guns in public?
Do you need to register guns with the
government?
Do you think it`s okay for one person to own a
large number of weapons?
Are there some types of weapons that should be
illegal?
Is it common in your culture for families to pass
weapons down from one generation to the next?

09/07/15

32

Weapons

Definitions:
Pistol - A pistol is a hand-operated firearm
having a chamber integral with or
permanently aligned with the bore.
Revolver - A revolver is a hand-operated
firearm with a revolving cylinder containing
chambers for individual cartridges.
Rifle - A rifle is a shoulder firearm which can
discharge a bullet through a rifled barrel 16
inches or longer. The spiral parallel grooves in
the bore impart spin in the projectile,
providing stability and extended range.

09/07/15

33

Weapons

Carbine - A carbine has a barrel under 16 inches

in length, and is typically used by cavalry,

artillery, engineers or others who require a
weapon for self-defense and emergencies.
Accuracy and ballistics tend to be inferior to the
full version of the rifles they are adapted from.
Assault Rifles - capable of single shot or
automatic fire using a short cartridge providing
accurate fire and more controllable recoil force
than a standard rifle cartridge.
Machine Pistol - is a firearm originally designed
to fire, or capable of being fired, fully
automatically by a single pull of the trigger.
09/07/15

34

Weapons

Submachine Gun - Lightweight one-man

weapons capable of automatic fire, firing a

low-powered pistol cartridge with limited
range and accuracy.
Machine Gun - A general purpose machine
gun functions as either a squad light
automatic weapon [light machine gun] when
mounted on a bipod and fired from the
shoulder, or as a sustained fire long-range
weapon [heavy machine gun] when mounted
on a tripod or light vehicle and provided with
an optical sight.
09/07/15

35

Weapons
Guns are generally classified according to

use, size, and tradition. This varies among the

military services. The basic distinction is
between small arms and artillery. Any gun
below a 20-millimeter bore size is generally
classified as a small arm. An alternative term
gaining increasing currency is "light arms," to
include individual and light support weapons.
Small arms and light weapons are used by all
armed forces, including internal security
forces
09/07/15

36

Weapons(IW/PW) Acronyms
PW stands for personal weapon/prisoner of
war
PDW personal defense weapon
IW stands for individual weapon/information
warfare
SALW (Small Arms and Warfare) - there
are over 600 million small arms and light
weapons in circulation worldwide.

09/07/15

37

Weapons - Practice
Look at the list of weapons. Working with
your partner, decide under which heading
that weapon should be placed.
knife, sword, bow and arrow, cross bow, hand gun,
assault weapon, hand grenade, rocket launcher,
tank, biological weapon, chemical weapon,
nuclear weapon
HEADINGS
1. Okay for civilians to own
2. Okay only for military
3. Should not be possessed by anyone or any state
09/07/15

38

Military Customs,
Courtesies and
Traditions. Vocabulary

Come to attention
Courtesies
Motto
Rite of passage
all sign
Commission

09/07/15

39

Military Customs,
Military courtesies, such as the salute, are an
Courtesies
and
important part of military
traditions that show
respect. Courtesies are based on the idea of
Traditions
Rank Has Its Privileges or RHIP. The thought
behind RHIP is that officers have earned courtesy
for their knowledge, education and leadership
abilities. However, its a two-way street; to
deserve this honor; officers must always put their
troops before their own self-interests.
Explain why respect should be a two-way street.
Discuss some ways that officers show respect for
their subordinates.
09/07/15

40

Courtesies Exmples

a. When talking to an officer of superior rank,

stand at attention until ordered otherwise
b. When you are dismissed, or when the
officer departs, come to attention and salute
c. Walk on the left of an officer or NCO of
superior rank
d. When entering or exiting a vehicle, the
junior ranking soldier is the first to enter, but
the senior in rank is the first to exit
e. Never criticize the Army or a leader in
public. Dont jump the chain of command
f. Never offer excuses

09/07/15

41

Courtesies - Practice
Find out about similar customs and courtesies in

your military environment.

Discuss the reasons military customs and
courtesies are important.
In the US military, if you dont know the answer to
a superiors question, you will never go wrong with
the response, I dont know sir, but Ill find out.
a. Is this response appropriate in your military
system?
b. Is it better to give any answer than say, I dont
know?
09/07/15

42

The Military Coin

A military coin shows pride in
service. The military coina
heavy, often colorful coinis
one of the most important items
in a service members pocket.
Commanders and other service
members hand these out for
memorable events, missions
completed and jobs well done.
The coins are a traditional way
for military members to show
that they are proud of their
unit.

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43

What about you?

1. Does your unit have something similar
to a military coin?
2. Describe other symbols of pride.
3. Design your personal mission coin.
Draw it in the circle.
Explain it to your partner.

09/07/15

44

All militaries have a number of things that display

their pride in their history, battles, victories,
missions, honors, service, events, and heroes.
Examples include: military coins, flags, guidons
(=fanion), patches, badges, streamers (a long,
narrow strip of material used as a decoration or
symbol), rings, covers, and a multitude of other
items, each with their own meaning and design.
List military pride items in your military
environment.
Describe or sketch out how they look. Explain
their history, origin, and significance.

Displays of military
pride
09/07/15

45

American soldiers are proud of the history of their units.

Each unit believes that it is the best unit in the army,
and each has a traditional motto to show this. Mottos
are usually based on an historic event, place, or
mission of the unit. Below are examples of units
mottos.
SEEK, STRIKE, DESTROY 63D Armor Regiment
ROUGH RIDERS 118TH Cavalry
OLD IRONSIDES 1ST Armored Division
BLAST-BUILD-BATTLE 16TH Engineer Brigade
THE ONLY EASY DAY WAS YESTERDAY! US Navy
SEALS
THESE THINGS WE DO THAT OTHERS MAY LIVE
USAF Pararescue

The Unit Motto

09/07/15

46

Practice
Do you know other examples of unit

mottos?
Does your unit have a motto? What
is it? How was it earned?
If youre not in a unit with a motto,
invent one.

09/07/15

47

The Call Sign

Call signs are informal names that
identify individual pilots. The way a pilot
receives a call sign varies by branch
and by squadron, but three basic rules
apply to all:
1. Pilots who dont have good names
when they arrive at their first squadron
will be given new ones.
2. They probably wont like their call
sign.
3. If they complain, theyll get even
worse names!

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48

The Call Sign

Some pilots call signs are based on their last
names, such as Bob Dead End Street, or Carl
Speedy Gonzales. Others earn them by their
looks, like Jim Tree Top Haynes, who was 6 feet
4 inches tall, and Felix Shamu Stevens, who
was a large guy named after a popular whale.
Still others earn their names by their behavior:
Maverick indicates a pilot who skirts the rules
and does unexpected things. Finally, there are
those who earn their names for their
extraordinary actions, like James Executioner
Dardell, who shot down three planes in one day.
09/07/15

49

What about you?

1. In your culture, is it common to give someone
a nickname?
2. Do you have a nickname or a call sign? If not,
what would you like it to be?
3. What are some other examples of nicknames
and call signs?
4. Whats the funniest nickname or call sign
youve ever heard? Whats the most
appropriate?

09/07/15

50

Invent nicknames for the people described

below.
Someone who is always getting lost
A person who always looks sleepy
A person who thinks that they know
everything
A friend
Somebody who is shorter than everyone else

Work together

09/07/15

51

An Undergraduate Pilot Training student gets

thrown into a tank of water by his classmates
after his first solo flight in the T-6 aircraft.
The solo dunk tradition is observed by pilot
trainees throughout the Air Force. If the solo
pilot can escape his classmates and make it
back to the flight room without being caught,
his classmates owe him a case of beer.
Usually, this doesnt happen. Said one dunked
student: I tried to escape capture and elude
them by running behind a couple of hangars,
but all my flight gear slowed me down.
09/07/15

52

Solo dunk tank

1. The opposite of the solo dunk for new
pilots in the fini flight celebration. This
event is conducted after the last flight of
a pilot. The pilots plane is wetted down
(usually by fire trucks).
2. Describe other similar traditions.
3. Do you know of other traditions in your
community that arent part of the
military?
09/07/15

53

Rites of Passage
Discuss the purpose and importance of

traditions like crossing the line and the

Order of the Bluenose for seagoing
personnel.
Describe other rites of passage that
your military branch has.

09/07/15

54

Thank you for your

attention!

09/07/15

55