Constructive Process

Essential Questions
What are surface features?
What are examples of constructive
process?
How can a surface feature be changed by
a constructive process?
What are surfaces features caused by
constructive processes?

Constructive Process
Deposition
a process of dropping sediment, dirt, rocks,
or particles in on place.

Constructive Process
Examples of Deposition
Constructive
Process

Deposition

Force

Surface Feature
Created

water / river Deltas

water / river Floodplains
water / ocean Beaches and
Barrier Islands
wind
Ice / glacier

Sand dunes
Moraines

Other Constructive Processes

Constructive
Process

Force

Surface
Feature

Folding

plate
movements

mountains

Faulting

plate
movements

Mountains

Earthquake

plate
movements

cliffs (fault
scarp)

Volcanic
Activity

plate
movements

mountains /
islands

Constructive Process Lesson

Review
1. Deposition is a process that
A.
B.
C.
D.

Dissolves sediment
Breaks down rock to form sediment
Removes sediment from landforms
Drops sediment to form landforms

Lesson Review
2. Where do deltas form?
A.
B.
C.
D.

In desert areas
At river mouths
On the banks of rivers
In valleys formed by glaciers

Lesson Review
3. Long shore currents in the ocean help
create
A.
B.
C.
D.

Beaches
Dunes
Rivers
Drumlins

Lesson Review
4. Volcanoes can create new land when
they release
A.
B.
C.
D.

Lava
Water
Faults
mud

Lesson Review
5. What forms moraines?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Wind
Rivers
Glaciers
Volcanoes

Constructive Process
Essential Questions
What are surface features?
Surface features are landforms and bodies of
water that cover the Earths surface such as:
Mountains, valleys, canyons, gorges, beaches,
sand dunes, barrier Islands, flood-plains,
moraines, and drumlins, volcanoes, oceans, lakes,
and rivers

Constructive Process
Essential Questions
What are examples of constructive
process?
Deposition
Volcanic Activity
Earthquake Activity
Faulting
Folding

Constructive Process
Essential Questions
How can a surface feature be changed by
a constructive process?
By forces such as wind, water, ice, through
the process of deposition.
The movement of the Earths crust
Plate Tectonics (movements)

Constructive Process
Essential Questions
What are surface
features formed
from constructive
processes?

Delta
Floodplains
Barrier island
Sand dune

Moraine
Drumlin
Islands
Mountain Ranges
Cliffs Fault Scarps

Destructive Process
Essential Questions
What are examples of destructive
processes?
How are surface features changed by
destructive processes?
What are examples of surface features
caused by destructive processes?

Destructive Processes
Weathering The breaking down of rock
Mechanical / Physical
Freezing and thawing of Rock
Water freezing and expanding in cracks of rock
Impact of organisms
Plant roots growing
Animals burrowing
Chemical
Oxidation / rusting
Carbonic Acid / acid rain
Caverns
Impact of organisms
Acid from Lichen

Destructive Process

Erosion Movement of rock from one place to another

Water / Rivers
Canyons
Gorges
V shaped Valleys

Water / Ocean Waves

Sea arches
Sea stacks

Wind
Buttes
Desert pavements

Ice / Glaciers
U shape Valleys

Gravity
Mast Wasting

Destructive Process
Volcanic Activity
Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics)
Reshaping of Mountains

Earthquakes
Movement of Earths Crust (Plate tectonics)
Trenches
cracks in the Earth Curst

Lesson Review
1. What is weathering?
A. A type of climate
B. The transport of sediment
C. The breakdown of rock
D. The aging of rock

Lesson Review
2. Which of theses is caused by
chemical weathering?
A.
B.
C.
D.

desert pavement
formation of U-shaped valleys
formation of rust
ice expanding in cracks in rock at is
weathering?

Lesson Review
3. How do earthquakes change the
land?
A.
B.
C.
D.

They transport sediment.

They form cracks in the surface.
They release ash and lava.
They cause chemical weathering.

Lesson Review
4. A river can form
A.
B.
C.
D.

Sea arches.
U-shaped valleys.
V-shaped valleys.
Desert pavement.

Destructive Process
Essential Questions
What are examples of destructive
processes?
Weathering
Mechanical / Physical
Chemical

Erosion
Volcanic Activity
Earthquake Acuity

Destructive Process
Essential Questions
How are surface features changed by
destructive processes?

Freezing and thawing of the earths crust

Freezing water in cracks of rock
Oxidation / rusting
Carbonic acid / acid rain
Impact of organisms
Water / rivers and oceans
Ice / glaciers
Wind
Gravity
Movement of earths plates / plate tectonics

Destructive Process
Essential Questions
What are examples of surface features caused
by destructive processes?

Caverns / Carbonic Acid

V-shaped valleys / River water
Canyon / gorges / River water
Sea arches / Ocean Waves
Sea stacks / Ocean Waves
Buttes / Wind
Desert pavements / Wind
Reshaped mountains / Volcanoes
Trenches / Earthquakes

Controlling Constructive and

Destructive Processes EQ
How can constructive and destructive
processes be controlled through the use
of technology?
How does technology affect constructive
and destructive processes?
What are examples of technology used to
control constructive and destructive
processes?

Effects on Constructive
Processes
Dam a structure built across a river to
control its flow
Positive Effect
Flood Control
Hydroelectric Power

Negative Effect
Holds back sediment
Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches

Effects on Destructive Processes

Prevention of beach erosion
Groin a structure built perpendicular to the beach.
Positive Effect
Traps sand that moves along the shore and causing the beach to
build up.

Negative Effect
Beach Erosion down stream is worse.

Seawall a structure built parallel to the shore

Positive Effect
Protects land behind if from ocean the ocean waves

Negative Effect
Ocean side beach will erode

Beach Nourishment sand from ocean or nearby rivers are

pumped onto the beach

Effects on Destructive Processes

Prevention of beach erosion (cont)
Seawall a structure built parallel to the
shore
Positive Effect
Protects land behind if from ocean
the ocean waves
Negative Effect
Ocean side beach will erode
Beach Nourishment sand from ocean or
nearby rivers are pumped onto the beach

Effects on Destructive Processes

Prevention of soil erosion
Contour Plowing method in which farmers plow across
the sided of hill instead of down
Terracing the planting of corps on terraces (steps) built
into steep hillsides.
Windbreaks rows of plants or fences.
Slow down wind and limit the distance it can carry soil.

Vegetation used to hold soil in place

Storm drain management a system of drains
Prevents flooding and soil erosion

Effects of Volcanoes and

Earthquakes
Volcanoes and Earthquakes can not be
controlled;
However scientist have ways to determine when
and where these they might occur.
Volcanoes
instruments are used to detect changes in volcanoes

Earthquakes

Detailed maps show major faults

Safety Education
No new buildings on or near faults
Building codes to resists earthquakes
Seismographs measures earthquakes on a rector scale

Lesson Review
1. What is the purpose of a groin?
A. to strengthen dams
B. to stop beach erosion
C. to create new sediment on
shorelines
D. to break down headlands

Lesson Review
2. Beaches that have eroded are
reclaimed through
A. weathering.
B. building of seawalls.
C. beach nourishment.
D. building of terraces.

Lesson Review
3. Which of these is not a way to
prevent soil erosion?
A. planting vegetation
B. contour plowing
C. building windbreaks
D. building dams

Lesson Review
4. Scientist know where
earthquakes will occur because
they know the locations of
A. faults
B. volcanoes
C. mountains
D. long-shore currents.

Lesson Review
5. Which of these do scientists use
to predict when a volcano is likely
to erupt?
A.
B.
C.
D.

the age of the volcano

earthquakes beneath the volcano
temperature of nearby rivers
the hardness of rock near the
volcano

Controlling Constructive and

Destructive Processes EQ

How can constructive and destructive processes be controlled

through the use of technology?
Flooding
Dams
Beach Erosion
Groins
Seawalls
Beach nourishment
Soil Erosion
Contour plowing
Terracing
Wind breaks
Planting of vegetation
Storm drain management systems

Controlling Constructive and

Destructive Processes EQ

How does technology effect constructive and destructive

processes?
Dams
Positive Effect
Flood Control
Hydroelectric Power

Negative Effect
Prevents deposition of flood plains, deltas, and beaches

Groins
Positive Effect
Traps sand that moves along the shore causing the beach to build up.

Negative Effect
Beach Erosion down stream is worse.

Seawalls
Positive Effect
Protects land behind from ocean waves

Negative Effect
Ocean side beach will erode

Controlling Constructive and

Destructive Processes EQ
What are examples of technology used to
control constructive and destructive
processes?

Dams
Groins
Seawalls
Wind Breaks
Contour plowing technique
Terracing technique
Storm Drainage Systems
Beach Nourishment

Unit Review
1. What landform forms from
deposition at the mouths of
rivers?
A.
B.
C.
D.

a delta
a floodplain
a sand dune
a moraine

Unit Review
2. Deposition forms these features
on coasts.
A.
B.
C.
D.

drumlins
floodplains
barrier islands
U-shaped valleys

Unit Review
3. What causes V shaped valleys to
form?
A.
B.
C.
D.

deposition at river mouths

erosion by rivers
weathering by wind
erosion by glaciers

Unit Review
4. A dam across a river can cause
A.
B.
C.
D.

the formation of a delta.

the carving of a valley.
the erosion of a beach.
the formation of a sea stack.

Unit Review
5. Which of these helps prevent the
harmful effects of erosion?
A.
B.
C.
D.

dams
volcanoes
Long-shore currents
contour plowing

Unit Review
6. In which type of climate are you
most likely to find a sand dune tht
is not on the coast?
A.
B.
C.
D.

dry
humid
icy
hot

Unit Review
7. What is the purpose of a groin?
A. to prevent chemical erosion of rock
B. to release trapped sediment from
behind dams
C. to help predict volcanic activity
D. to stop erosion of beaches

Unit Review
8. What does erosion do?
A.
B.
C.
D.

breaks down rock physically

moves broken pieces of rock
changes rock chemically
change sediment into rock