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Pesticid
es
Introduction
Stormwater
Stormwater runoff occurs when
precipitation from rain flows over
the ground
Can cause all the river and stream inhabitable for aquatic animals
Objective
To predict the water quality, nutrients level,
pesticides and heavy metals contamination during
baseflow and stormflow in each of the catchments,
To estimate the pollutant loading during stormflow
event
Water quality ; BOD,
COD, TSS, pH, NH3-N
and DO
Nutrients ; Nitrate,
Nitrite, Total
Phosphorus,
Orthophosphate
Pesticides ;
Chlorpyrifos and
Malathion
Study Area
No
Sampling stations
Location (GPS
coordinate)
Latitud
e
Longitude
Google earth
Sungai Sebol
1.8442
62
103.6273
Sungai Penggeli
1.4920
00
103.2820
Sampling
area
Planted
Sungai Sebol
1,768
1,666
Sungai
Penggeli
2,102
1,886
Methodology
Characterization of stormflow quality and estimation of pollution
loadings
DATA
DATA
COLLECTION
COLLECTION
Selection of
study
catchments
In-situ determination
DATA
DATA ANALYSES
ANALYSES
Water quality
Chemistry
Characterization of storm water
quality
Nutrients
Heavy metals concentration
Pesticides concentration
Water
Laboratory analysis
Sampling
Water Level
Hydrology
Velocity:
Current Meter
Outsources data :
Rainfall intensity
Topography and soil
Preservative
Holding period
BOD
48h
TSS
Cool 4C
7 days
Heavy metals
2 ml Conc. HNO
6 months
28 days
Ammonia
28 days
28 days
Nitrogen
Nitrite
28 days
Orthophosphate
28 days
Total Phosphorus
28 days
Pesticides
Cool 4C
7 days
List of parameter
Procedure
In-situ probe
List of nutrient
Procedure
1) Nitrate
*DR/4000 Procedure
Method 8171
2) Nitrite
*DR/4000 Procedure
Method 8507
3) Ammonianitrogen
*DR/4000 Procedure
Method 8155
4) Orthophosphate
*DR/4000 Procedure
Method 8048
5) Total phosphorus
*DR/4000 Procedure
Method 8190
Analysis
Procedure
Pesticides
(Malathion and
Chlorpyrifos)
Heavy Metals
Liquid-liquid
Extraction
GC-ECD
APHA Standard
Method of
Analysis 3030
E (Nitric Acid
Digestion)
ICP-MS,
Mercury
Hydride
Generation
Pollutant loading ,
product of event mean
concentration
Location
Baseflow
Stormflow
Sungai Sebol
63/III (slightly
polluted)
46/IV (polluted)
Sungai Penggeli
81/II (clean)
31/ IV (polluted)
INDEX RANGE
CLEAN
SLIGHTLY
POLLUTED
POLLUTED
Biochemical Oxygen
Demand(BOD)
91 - 100
80 - 90
0 - 79
Ammoniacal Nitrogen(NH3-N)
92 - 100
71 - 91
0 - 70
Suspended Solids(SS)
76 - 100
70 - 75
0 - 69
81 - 100
60 - 80
0 - 59
CLASS
USES
Class I
Class IIA
Class IIB
Class III
Class IV
Irrigation
Class V
Baseflow
Stormflow s (g/L)
Sungai Sebol
As
0.84-1.93 0.01-2.46
10.00
10.00
Sungai
Penggeli
WHO (2006);
(1998)
a
Cd
0.04-0.07
0.02-1.57
3.00
5.00
Pb
Hg
Zn
0.6-2.1
5.3-14.8
5.5-12.7
0.7-7.6
5.6-55.6
3.17-85.7
10.00
1.000
3000
10.00
1.000
-
As
0.15-0.52
0.01-0.150
10.00
10.00
Cd
0.09-0.4
0.001-0.31
3.00
5.00
Pb
Hg
Zn
b
8.1-8.8
4.4-12.9
4.0-8.5
0.9-48.6
1.8-86.6
3.6-54.5
10.00
1.000
3000
10.00
1.000
-
EU
Pollution loading
(mg/day)
25000
80000
20683.02
20000
15850.3
2
15000
BOD
75168.35
70000
BOD
COD
60000
CO
D
TSS
50000
TSS
40000
Pollutant Load (mg/day)
30000
20000
11926.0
9
5000
1132.8
49.5 377.5
Baseflow
Stormflow
10000
0
Baseflow
Average concentration of TSS during storm event were found to exceed the class V in
river quality standard at both of study area.
120
250
100
NH3
200
NH3
80
NO2
60
Pollutant Loading (mg/day)
40
OPO4
20
TP
150
NO2
OPO4
50
TP
0
Baseflow
Stormflow
0
Baseflow
Stormflow
- The highest level of NH3 detected at Sungai Penggeli during stormflow (16.31 mg/day)
and during baseflow, the level of NH3 is low detected. Range ( 1.1 to 7.7 mg/day)
- Nitrate is highly detected during baseflow at Sungai Penggeli ( 26.82 mg/day)
- Total phosphorus is highly detected at both of river during stormflow.
Range ( 58.27 to 219.81 mg/day)
4000.000
Cd
3500.000
3000.000
2500.000
2000.000
Pollutant Load (g/day)
1400
Pb
1200
Hg
1000
Zn
Cd
Pb
Hg
800
Zn
1500.000
400
1000.000
500.000
0.000
Baseflow
Streamflow
at SungaiStormflow
Sebol
200
0
Baseflow
Stormflow
Zn loads is higher during stormflow at Sungai Sebol ( 3462.9 mg/day) and at Sungai Penggeli
( 647.1 mg/day)
Hg loads is highly detected during stormflow at both of river with range 712.5 to 1168.0 mg/day
300.00
100.00
90.00
250.00
Chlorpyrifos
200.00
Malathion
80.00
70.00
60.00
150.00
Pollutant Load (g/day)
100.00
Chlorpyrifo
s
Malathion
50.00
Pollutant Load (g/day)
40.00
30.00
50.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
Baseflow
Stormflow
0.00
Baseflow
-50.00
Streamflow at Sungai Sebol
Stormflow
Conclusion
The contaminants in the stormwater in the study area are identified.
The water quality of Sungai Sebol and Sungai Penggeli
varies based on the river landform and seasons of the
sampling stations.
Sungai Sebol and Sungai Penggeli are
highly polluted during stormflow and falls in to Class IV
under the Interim National Water Quality Standards.
The maximum concentration of metals followed in an
order As<Cd<Pb<Hg<Zn for Sungai Sebol and As<Cd<Pb<Zn<Hg for Sungai
Penggeli.
The concentration of Chlorpyrifos and Malathion are still low
and below the maximum allowable concentration in drinking water
stated in WHO Guideline for Drinking Water Quality.
The results indicate that pollutant loadings were strongly
related and influenced by the runoff volume.
Future Study
1. Estimate the distribution of pollutant during next storm event
by using Neural Network Software
2.
Perform sampling in urban areas.
Thank you!