POLITICAL

SYSTEM
AND
ITS
FUNCTIONS
 POLITICAL SYSTEM

 A political system is a system of politics and government. It

is usually compared to the legal system, economic
system, cultural system, and other social systems.

 A political system is a complete set of institutions, interest

groups (such as political parties, trade unions, lobby
groups), the relationships between those institutions and
the political norms and rules that govern their functions
(constitution, election law).

 A political system is composed of the members of a social

organization (group) who are in power.
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF INDIA
 India is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic with a
Parliamentary form of Government.
 The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly
on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th
November 1950.
 The Constitution advocated the trinity of justice, liberty and
equality for all the citizens.
 The Constitution was framed keeping in mind the
socioeconomic progress of the country.
 India follows a parliamentary form of democracy and the
government is federal in structure.
 In Indian political system, the President is the constitutional
head of the executive of the Union of India.
 The real executive power is with the Prime Minister and the
Council of Ministers.
 According to the Article 74(1) of the constitution, the Council
of Ministers under the leadership of the Prime Minister is
responsible to aid and assist the President in exercising the
Presidents function.
 FORMATION OF POLITICAL SYSTEM

 President
 Vice-President
 Council Of Ministers
 Parliament
 Rajya Sabha
 Lok Sabha
 State Governments
PRESIDENT OF INDIA

 The President of India is the

constitutional head of India and is
the supreme commander of the
nation’s armed forces.
 The President is elected by members
of an Electoral College consisting of
elected members of both the Houses
of Parliament and Legislative
Assemblies of the states, with
suitable weightage given to each vote.
 His term of office is for five years.
 Among other powers, the President can proclaim an
emergency in the country if he is satisfied that the security of
the country or of any part of its territory is threatened by the
following situations.
 A war or external aggression, an armed rebellion within the
country and collapse of state machinery in terms of economic
and political crisis.
 Hence when there is a failure of the constitutional machinery
in a state, the President can assume all or any of the functions
of the government of that state.
VICE-PRESIDENT

 The Vice-President of India is elected

by the members of an electoral
college consisting of members of
both Houses of Parliament.
 The method of electing the Vice
President is the system of
proportional representation by
means of a single transferable vote.
 Vice- President holds office for five
years.
 The Vice-President also happens to
be Ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya
Sabha and presides over its
proceedings.
 COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

 The Council Of Ministers is elected by the members of the

Union Government.
 The Council of Ministers comprises of Cabinet Ministers,
Minister of States and Deputy Ministers.
 Prime Minister heads the Council of Ministers and
communicates all decisions of the Council of Ministers
relating to administration of affairs of the Union and
proposals for legislation to the President.
 Generally, each department has an officer designated as
secretary to the Government of India to advise the Ministers
on policy matters and general administration.
 The Cabinet Secretariat has an important harmonizing role in
decision making at the highest level and operates under the
bearing of the Prime Minister.
THE PARLIAMENT
 The Parliament is the legislative arm of the Union.
 It consists of the President, Rajya Sabha or the Upper House
and Lok Sabha or the Lower House.
 All bills to be made into law require the consent of both the
houses of parliament.
 However, in case of money bills, the Lok Sabha is the
supreme authority
 RAJYA SABHA

 The Rajya Sabha consists of not more than 250 members. Of

these, 233 represent states and union territories and 12
members are nominated by the President.

 Elections to the Rajya Sabha are indirect. Members to the

Rajya Sabha are elected by the elected members of Legislative
Assemblies of the concerned states.
 The members of the Upper House put forth the interests of
their respective state in the Parliament.

 The Rajya Sabha is not subject to dissolution in contrast to

the Lok Sabha and one third of its members retire every
second year.
 LOK SABHA

 The Lok Sabha is composed of representatives of the people

chosen by direct election on the basis of universal adult
franchise.
 As of today, the Lok Sabha consists of 545 members with two
members nominated by the President to stand for the Anglo-
Indian Community.
 Unless dissolved under circumstances like failure of the
leading party to prove clear majority or a no-confidence
motion, the term of the Lok Sabha is for five years. 
 STATE GOVERNMENTS

 The system of government in states closely resembles that of

the Union. In the states as well there are two major governing
bodies - the legislative assembly and the legislative council.

 For the Legislative assembly direct elections are held and the
political party receiving the majority votes forms the
Government in the state.
 FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT

 The system of government in states closely resembles that of

the Union.

 In the states as well there are two major governing bodies -

the legislative assembly and the legislative council.

 For the Legislative assembly direct elections are held and the
political party receiving the majority votes forms the
Government in the state.
 The definition and punishment of crime.

 The administration of justice in civil causes.

 The determination of the political duties, privileges, and

relations of citizens.

 The regulation of trade and industry. 

 The regulation of labor. 

•The maintenance of postal and telegraph systems.
•The manufacture and distribution of gas, the maintenance of
water-works, etc.

•Sanitation, including the regulation of trades for sanitary

purposes. 

•Education.
•Care of the poor and incapable.
 IMPACT ON NANO PROJECT

After much speculation, Tata Motors announced on May 19, 2006 that it will be
manufacturing Tata Nano from Singur, West Bengal. However, within a week
protests were started by a few farmers in the area against the acquisition of their
lands by Tata.The cause was taken up by Mamata Banerjee, the leader of Trinamool
Congress. The situation escalated with Tatas threatening to pull out, and disruption
of compensation for farmers who had volunteered to sell their land by anti-
acquisition activists. This was followed by a state-wide bandh by Trinamool Congress
in October.The government banned political parties from holding meetings or
processions at Singur and installed a huge police force there.There was widespread
violence in the clashes between the police and the farmers on December 2, 2006.
On December 4, 2006 Mamata Banerjee entered into a hunger strike. A 48-hour
strike was later called by her to protest the death of Tapasi, a Save Farmland
Committee campaigner, whose burnt body was found at the Nano plant site in Singur.
Two CPM activists were later convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for the
murder. On the 24th day of her strike, Banerjee was given oxygen support and finally
called off her fast after appeals from the then President Abdul Kalam and 
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh.
As the protests over the land continued in 200, Ratan Tata
 accused that the competitors had a role in the controversy. The
acquisition of land was initially criticised in February 2007, but
later approved by the Calcutta High Court in 2008. As political
unrest and rains hampered the construction, Tata Motors delayed
the launch of Nano to September 2008.
Violence continued throughout 2008  and on September 2, 2008,
Tata Motors announced that they have suspended work at Singur.
On October 2, 2008 Tata Motors announced that they are pulling
out of Singur. On October 7, 2008, it was announced that the
Chief Minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi had signed an MoU
 with Tata Motors for allocating land for Nano factory in Sanand
 in Ahmedabad district of gujrat