ME 598 Noise in Engineering and

Physical Systems

Acceleration waves in
random media
Project Presentation by
Bharath Raghavan
Fall 2015
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Acceleration waves
Acceleration waves are moving singular
surfaces with a jump in particle acceleration.
Useful for studying the formation of
shockwaves
They are governed by the Bernoulli equation

x is position, is the jump in particle

acceleration, and represent the dissipation
and elastic nonlinearity of the material.
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Acceleration waves in
homogeneous media
There exists a finite distance in which
a shock can be formed

is the critical amplitude, and

is
the initial amplitude
If
<
then the wave decays
exponentially
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Acceleration waves in Random

media

1. Separation of Scales

The wavefront thickness is L

Characteristic grain size is d

2. Case 1
L >> d : Deterministic continuum limit (RVE)
Fluctuations are insignificant as the
wavefront is oblivious to local material
disorder

3. Case 2
L is finite relative to grain size
Fluctuations are significant (SVE)
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Acceleration waves in Random

media
Interested in Case (2).

Fig 1. (a) L>>d a deterministic continuum , (b) L is

finite relative to d so statistical fluctuations are
significant.
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Stochastic Bernoulli
Equation

The case where (x) and (x) are

perturbed by the same standard
zero-mean white noise (x,)
Admit the following decomposition

where S is the intensity value.

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Stochastic Bernoulli
Equation

Substituting the decomposition in the

Bernoulli ODE gives,

We interpret the above equation in the

Stratonovich sense to obtain the SDE
where
is the Stratonovich type
differential of the Weiner process
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Equivalent Ito SDE

We wish to use the Ito formula to
compute various functions of .
So we need to get the equivalent Ito
SDE for the Stratonovich SDE.
We define
To obtain

Equivalent Ito SDE

We define the Ito SDE as
where

Moments equations
We are primarily interested in the
moments so we define
And applying Itos formula
Taking the expectation

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The inverse amplitude

The inverse amplitude is defined as

It transforms the blow-up of the

wave amplitude to infinity to one
of zero-crossing
Applying Itos formula

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The inverse amplitude

We obtain
Simplified to

Moments equation via the

substitution
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The inverse amplitude

Set of equations for moments

First 2 moments

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Moments of the inverse

amplitude
Analytical expressions for first and
second moment

where

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Mean of the inverse

amplitude
Set

We are interested in finding the

critical amplitude
Also
and

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Critical Amplitude
Case 1:
No shock formation as

and

Case 2:
Blow up as

and

The critical inverse amplitude is

given as
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Conclusions
Observations: The stochastic critical
amplitude is in general less than the
deterministic critical amplitude
Additional Studies:
Stochastic Bernoulli equation with two
independent white noise perturbations
Stochastic Bernoulli equation with two
correlated white noise perturbations
Fokker-Planck equation and probability of
shock formation
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