Delivering the talk

Giving an oral presentation

FETP India

Competency to be gained
from this lecture
Deliver an effective presentation with
synergy between the script
and the visual aids

Key areas

The script
The language
You and your data
Slides and script
Description and analyses

The right number of slides

Presenters underestimate the time needed
to present a slide appropriately
Plan for one slide per minute

The script

Outline for a 10mn presentation

Title (1 slide)
Background (1 slide)
Methods (2 slides, maximum 3)
Results (3 slides)
Limitations (1 slide)
Conclusion (1 slide)
Recommendations (1 slide)
Acknowledgements (1 slide)
Results are discussed as they are presented
The script

Outline for a 5mn late-breaker

Title (1 slide)
Background (1 slide)
Results (2 slides)
Limitations (1 slide)
Conclusion/recommendations (1 slide,
maximum 2)
Acknowledgements (1 slide)
Methods are mentioned with the results
The script

Talking directly on the basis of the slides

Requires a lot of experience

Takes less preparation
Prevent from estimating reliable timing
Makes it difficult to coach
Exposes the speaker to some uncertainty
Can increase stress

The script

Preparing a script

Is necessary to most speakers

Requires preparation
Allows estimating timing precisely
Facilitates coaching
Decreases sources of uncertainty
Reassures the speakers

The script

How to prepare a script

Use lecture notes in the presentation software

Copy the content of your slide into the lecture notes
Edit to make full sentences
Add details and precisions
Add off comments:
Use pointer
Pause
Slow down

Use large fonts (e.g., size 16)

The script

Injections given with sterile and reused

equipment worldwide
South America (lower
mortality)
Central Europe

Regions

South America (higher

mortality)
West Africa

Injections given with non-sterile equipment

East and Southern Africa

Injections given with sterile equipment

South East Asia

China and Pacific
Eastern Europe and
Central Asia
South Asia

Examples of lecture notes

Middle East Crescent

-

WHO

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

Number of injections per person and per yearThe script

The lecture notes

A copy of the slide
allows the presenter
to see what the
audience sees

The scripts provides

details about what
needs to be said

The script

The script
Slide 6:
This slide summarises injection practices worldwide.
The X axis represent the number of injections per
person and per year. The total bar represent the
total number of injections and the red bar represent
those injections given with reused equipment.
The graph shows clearly that injection practices
vary across various world regions. While injection
use is most frequent in Eastern Europe and Central
Asia, the Middle East and South Asia are the region
where unsafe injections are most common.
The script

These slides that are not supposed to

take much time
Some slides are not supposed to take time
Additional pictures
Maps
Photos

In fact, to be shown usefully, they also take

one minute
If needed, include them and take a minute
If they are not needed, delete them
The script

Estimating the amount of time needed to

deliver the talk
Guess work is imprecise
Self-timing is required
Use your script (if you have one)
Time yourself (particularly there is no script)
Obtain feedback regarding the flow of language

The script

Language barriers weaken the delivery

You may not master the language

Your audience may not master the language
Accents may differ
Flow may differ

Language barriers

Preparation can address language

barriers

Write a script
Edit and correct the script
Conduct dry runs
Obtain feedback
Practice (again and again)

Language barriers

Excess of self confidence

may be a problem

Going over time

Provision of excessive amounts of details
Loosing the focus
Appearing arrogant

On stage

Lack of self confidence can be addressed

Preparation to stay on time

Removal of excessive details
Keeping the focus
Appearing humble

On stage

Interacting with the audience

Greeting and thanking the audience
Do not start by saying first slide!

Standing modestly behind the data

The data, not the speaker, takes centre stage
Know what your data can say and cannot say

Avoiding unnecessary jokes and anecdotes

May not come across
Can be perceived as an excess of confidence
On stage

The audience, the slides and the

presenter
Natural tendency to read slides ahead
Presenters talking without reference to slides
The audience gets lost and stops listening

Presenter simply reading slides

The audience stops listening and reads directly
When an important explanation comes, the
audience is not paying attention anymore

Synergizing the script and the slides

Maintaining the dynamic of the

communication with the audience
Keep good slides / script synergy
All slide elements must be commented upon
All comments must refer to a slide element

Surprise the audience

Say more than what is on the slide

Transform bullet points into full sentences
Add descriptions and analyses
Transition to introduce the next slide
Synergizing the script and the slides

Speaking in the absence of visual aids

May be relevant for some key messages

Is facilitated through use of a blank slide
Surprises the audience
Generates attention

Synergizing the script and the slides

Reported hepatitis A cases by month of

onset in Central Iowa, USA,
December 1996 - July 1997
45

Transition: This high

proportion of
injection drug users
among cases lead us
to conduct a case
control study among
methamphetamine
users to understand
the situation ->

Number of cases

40
35

Did not report

injecting drugs

30
25

Reported injecting drugs

20
15
10
5
0
Dec-96

CDC

Jan-97

Feb-97

Mar-97

Apr-97

May-97

Jun-97

Jul-97

Month

Examples of transition between slides

Synergizing the script and the slides

Methamphetamine-associated exposures
in hepatitis A cases and controls,
Iowa,USA, 1997
Factor
Use > 5 years
Having used > 19 doses
Sharing food with users
Sharing drinks with users
Sexual contact with users
Injecting methamphetamine
Drug partners with hepatitis A
CDC

Cases
(N=28)
%
43
54
46
54
18
74
52

Controls
(N= 18)
%
39
39
22
35
0
22
11

Odds ratio

95% C.I.

1.2
1.8
3.0
2.1
10.0
8.6

0.30-4.7
0.47-7.2
0.69-15
0.52-9.0
0.6- .
2.1-54
1.5-87

-> Introduction: This slides summarizes the results of the

case control study among methamphetamine users.

Speaking at the podium

Dress formal
Stand upright
Arrive early, understand how things work
Look at the audience, not at the slides
Avoid unnecessary movements
Minimize / suppress the use of the pointer
Prefer descriptions of the slide in the script
Example: The line at the top of the graph

Speak with and not at the audience

Synergizing the script and the slides

Descriptions and analyses

Slides are full of information
The audience needs a two-step approach:
See what is on the slide
Analyse the information provided

Take the audience through these two steps

Describe first
Then analyze

Describing and analyzing

1. This slide represents the(read title)

Proportion of injections with safe sharps

management, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
2. On the y axis, you can see the
proportion of injections with safe
waste management (in %)
Proportion (%)

100%

2. On the x axis, you can see the

year 2001 (at baseline) and the
year 2002 (for the control and
intervention groups)

80%
60%
40%
20%
0%

Swiss cooperation

2001
(Baseline)

Step 1: Description

Control

Intervention
Describing and analyzing

2002 (end of the project)

6. Overall, this suggests that the project was effective in improving

the safe management of sharps waste

Proportion of injections with safe sharps

management, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
4. In 2001, you can see that
safe waste management was
almost inexistent
Proportion (%)

100%

5. In 2002, waste management had

improved overall, but the
improvement was greater in the
intervention group

80%
60%
40%
20%
0%

Swiss cooperation

2001
(Baseline)

Step 2: Analysis

Control

Intervention
Describing and analyzing

2002 (end of the project)

Take home messages

Write a script
Prepare for language barriers
Place the data at the centre of the stage
Synergize the script and the slides
Always describe before you analyze