Architecture of Orissa

and Madhya Pradesh

Dhruv khurana
Pulkit Chawla
Nikhita khurana
Tanvi Yadav

TIMELINE
ORISSA TEMPLES
Parasurameswar temple-650 A.D
Mukteswar temple-970 A.D
Vaital deul temple-9th century
Rajarani temple-11th century
Brahmeshwar temple-11th century
Jagganath temple-12th century
Sun temple-13th century

MADHYA PRADESH LANDMARKS

Great stupa,Sanchi-3rd century
Gwalior fort,Gwalior-8th century
Bateswar group of temples-8th-10th century
Teli ka mandir-9th century
Kandariya Mahadev,khajuraho-11th century
Shiva temple,Bhojpur-11th century
Sahastra Bahu temple,Gwalior-11th century

Geography
of Orissa

It is stuated in the eastern

part of the country.

It is surrounded by
West Bengalto the north-east
and in the east.

The state is divided into 30

districts which are further
subdivided into 314 blocks.

Odisha's topography
comprises fertile plains along
the coast and forested
highlands towards the
interior.

TheChota Nagpurplateau
occupies the western and
northern portions of the
state.

The highest mountain peak in

the state isDeomali(1672
m), which is situated in
Koraput district in southern
Odisha.

DEOMALI,HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PEAK

Orissan architecture
The temples at Orissa, or Kalinga which is its
ancient name, provide some of the finest
examples of the Indo-Aryan style of temple
architecture.
The main group of temples is concentrated in
the town of Bhubaneshwar where there are
over thirty of them.
A few miles from this temple town are two of
the largest buildings in eastern India, the
temple of Jagannath at Puri and the Sun
temple at Konarak.

Sun Temple,Konark

Lingaraj temple,Bhubaneshwar

Jagannath temple,Puri

Common features used in

temples

The Kalinga architectural style is flourished in eastern Indian state of Orissa.

The style consists of three distinct type of temples:Rekha Deula,Pidha Deula and Khakhara
Temple architecture inOrissaevolved over a long period of time.
Temples in Orissa are based on certain fundamental principles of stability and take their cue
the human body.
The superstructure is basically divided into three parts, the Ba (Lower Limb), the Gani (B
and the Cua/Mastaka (Head).
Accordingly, each part is given a different treatment throughout, from the architecture to t
ornamentation of the Temple.

ekha deula(eg. Lingaraj temple) Pida deula(eg Sun temple,Konark)

EXAMPLES
1. LINGARAJ TEMPLE
Lingaraj, literally means the king ofLingam, the
iconic form or Shiva.
Lingaraj temple was built in 11th century and is
aHindu templededicated toHarihara, a form of
Shivaand is one of the oldest temples in
Bhubaneswar, the capital of the East Indian state
of Orissa.
The temple represents the quintessence of the
Kalinga Architecture and culminating the medieval
stages of the architectural tradition at
Bhubaneswar.
The temple is built in theDeulastyle that has four
components namely, vimana(structure containing
the sanctum),jagamohana(assembly
hall),natamandira(festival hall) andbhogamandapa(hall of offerings), each increasing in the
height to its predecessor.

MINOR TEMPLES IN LINGARAJ TEMPLE COMPLEX

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

It is enshrined within a spacious compound wall oflateritemeasuring 520ft (160m) by 465ft (142m).
The wall is 7.5ft (2.3m) thick and surmounted by a plain slant coping. Alongside the inner face of the boundary wall, there is a terrace to protect the
compound wall against outside aggression.
The tower is 45.11m (148.0ft) high and the complex has 150 smaller shrines in its spacious courtyard. Each inch of the 55m (180ft) tall tower is sculpted.
The door in the gate of the entrance porch is made of sandalwood.
The Lingaraja temple faces east and is built ofsandstoneandlaterite.
Thebhogamandapa(Hall of offering) measures 42ft from inside, thenatamandira(festival hall) measures 38ft (12m)*38ft (12m) from the inside,
thejagamohana(assembly hall) measures 35ft (11m)*30ft (9.1m) from the inside.

BHOG MANDAPA
NATAMANDIR
JAGAMOHAN
VIMANA
(HALL OF
(FESTIVAL (ASSEMBLY HALL)
(SANCTUM)
OFFERINGS
HALL)

Surya.

2.

It has twelve pairs of ornamented

wheels pulled by seven horses.

SUN TEMPLE

Some of the wheels are 3 meters

wide.
Only six of the seven horse still
stand today.

The temple fell into disuse after an

envoy ofJahangirdesecrated the
temple in the early 17th century.
The temple comprised a sanctum
with a lofty (presumably over 68 m.
high) sikhara, a jagamohana (30. m.
square and 30. m. high) and a
detached nata-mandira (hall of
dance) in the same axis.
The sanctum displays superb
images of the Sun-god in the three
projections which are treated as
miniature shrines.

ORIGINAL TEMPLE COMPARED

TO THE SURVIVING STRUCTURE
(YELLOW)

MADHYA PRADESH

GEOGRAPHY
Madhya Pradesh literally means
"Central Province", and is located in
the geographic heart of India.
The state straddles theNarmada River
, which runs east and west between
theVindhyaandSatpuraranges.
Madhya Pradesh has asubtropical
climate. Like most of north India, it
has a hot dry summer (AprilJune),
followed by monsoon rains (July
September) and a cool and relatively
dry winter.
The average rainfall is about
1,371mm (54.0in).
The recorded forest area of the state
is 94,689km2(36,560sqmi)
constituting 30.72% of the
geographical area of the state.

ART AND ARCHITECTURE

ncient temples, fortresses, and cave works reflect the rich history of
Madhya Pradesh.
west-central Madhya Pradesh, one of the states oldest historical
monuments is thestupa(Buddhistmound forming a memorial shrine)
atSanchi, nearVidisha.
riginally constructed byAshoka, emperor of India from about
265 to 238BCE, the stupa was expanded by theShungakings, who
uled the area during the 2nd and 1st centuries.
he distinctive narrative style of decoration found on this stupa is
The great stupa,Sanchi
known asBharhut sculpture.
ome of the most remarkable ancient artwork of Madhya Pradesh is
ound in caves. TheBaghcaves, near the western town ofMhow,
re adorned with paintings on Buddhist topics.
eKhajurahotemples, in northern Madhya Pradesh, are widely
ecognized.
hajuraho temples were built by theChandelakings, who ruled in the
egion roughly from the early 9th to the mid-11th century.
osque at Mandu and the Gwalior fort are the most impressive
esidences of the former princess of Madhya Pradesh.
Mandu,The Great Mosque

EXAMPLES
THE GREAT STUPA,SANCHI
Sanchi is famous for outstanding specimen of
Buddhist art and architecture, belonging to the
period between the third century BC and the
twelfth century AD.
Stupas are large hemispherical domes, containing
a central chamber, in which the relics of the
Buddha were placed.
The Sanchi Stupa is one of the best preserved early
stupas in central India.
The Sanchi Stupa is surrounded by a railing with four
carved gateways facing all the four directions.
The Sanchi Stupa is surrounded by a railing with
four carved gateways facing all the four directions.

LOCATION OF SANCHI IN
MADHYA PRADESH

SECTION OF THE SANCHI STUPA

ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES

here are basically three main stupas on top of

he Sanchi hill,out of which the biggest one is known
s The Great stupa.
he biggestSanchi stupawas built in the 3rd century BC,
during the reign ofAshoka. It was constructed with brick.
he Stupa stands on a high platform and has two levels.
he hen-coop design of the stone fence around the
whole structure is adopted from a primitive style of wood
fencing.
ll four entrances have magnificent toranas belonging
to the 1st century, that stand on two pillars on which
are suspended three long and thin flat stones.
is crowned by Chatra,a parasol like structure symbolizing
high ranking which was intented to honour and shelter the
elics.
OME-is a solid brick work,32.32m in diameter and 12.28m
high.
he dome has a slightly crushed profile at the top and was
urmounted by Harmika with a central triple UMBRELLA.

 GWALIOR FORT

The Gwalior fort spreads out over an area of

3 square km, surrounded by concrete walls of
sandstone.
The Gwalior fort encloses three temples, six
palaces and numerous water tanks.
The fort was built by Raja Man Singh Tomar
in the 15th century.
At a point of time Gwalior fort was regarded
as North and Central India's most invincible fortress.
The Teli-ka-Mandir is the most famous of all the
temples of the Gwalior fort. This temple was built
in the Dravidian style.
The Man Singh Palace is one of the most amazing
palaces of the Gwalior fort. It was built by
Man Singh in the 15th century.
Other significant palaces within the Gwalior Fort
include the Karan Palace, the Jahangir Mahal, the
Shah Jahan Mahal and the Gujri Mahal (built by
Man Singh for his favorite queen, Mrignayani).

VIEW OF GWALIOR FORT