Professional Documents
Culture Documents
& L AY I N G M E T H O D S AT
OFFSHORE
Prepared& presented: ANAND
Drop
From
The
Ocean
ONSHORE to OFFSHORE
OFFSHORE to ONSHORE
FPSO to DEEP
SEA WELL
1849 - A telegraph cable between the UK and France (Broke down 8 days later)
1868 - The first commercially successful transatlantic telegraph cable
1884 - San Francisco-Oakland cable telephone service started
1952 - Worlds first 400 kV-transmission, LPFF
1954 - Worlds first HVDC-transmission,
1956 - TAT-1 (the first transatlantic cable)
1964 - TPC-1 (the first transpacific cable)
1973 - World's first HV extruded submarine cable transmission, XLPE
1973 - Worlds first 400 kV submarine cable transmission, LPFF
1974 - Worlds first 500Kv oil filled cable- HITACHI JAPAN
1988 - TAT-8 (the first system that deployed optical fiber)
1989 - TPC-3 (the first transpacific optic cable system)
1989 - World's first 400 kV HVDC submarine cable transmission,
1994 - World's first 450 kV HVDC submarine cable transmission,
1996 - Europes first 420 kV XLPE
2002 - Worlds first extruded HVDC submarine transmission, HVDC Light
Planning
Planning Stage
Stage
Desktop
DesktopStudy
Study
Selecting
Selectingthe
theroute
route
Route
RoutePermission
Permission
Route
Route
Design
Design
Select
Selectcable
cable
types
types
Route
Route Survey
Survey
Seabed
SeabedProfile
Profile
Obstructions,etc.
Obstructions,etc.
Route
Route Position
Position List
List
&& Straight
Straight Line
Line
Diagram
Diagram
Geographic
Geographicpositions
positions
Cable
Cablelengths
lengths&&
design
designslacks
slacks
Repeaters,
Repeaters,Joint
Jointbox,
box,
etc.
etc.
Cable
Cable Loading
Loading
Repeater
RepeaterStacks
Stacks
Tank
Tank Plan
Plan
Bight
Bight
Arrangement
Arrangement
Cable
Cable Laying
Laying
Surface
SurfaceLay
Lay
Burial
Burial&& Lay
Lay
Monitoring
Monitoring
Tension,Slacks
Tension,Slacks
Power
PowerFeeding
Feeding
DESK STUDY
The desk study should address the following key objectives:
Preliminary system design and configuration parameters to be
confirmed and refined.
Identify and fully define physical conditions along the preliminary
cable route that may impact system design
Identify and fully define political and environmental constraints that
may impact system design.
Enable the route survey scope and procedures to be correctly defined
SURVEY OBJECTIVES
The most fundamental data components of a cable route investigation are:
Bathymetry
Seabed imagery
High resolution seismic reflection
profiling
Seabed soils data
Submarine geology
Electronic burial and plough assessment
Oceanography
SURVEY
Detailed surveys of sub sea power cables allow
engineers to design,
Cost-efficient
Practical and safe installation routes.
Hydrographic surveys using bathymetry systems
Using stowed sensors,
Multi beams and side scan systems
Topographic charting
Seafloor morphology
Identification of wrecks and other obstructions.
Character and structure of the seafloor for burial and trenching assessment.
Where cable burial is mandatory , certain companies like Fugro , Makai has developed
systems such as the GAMBAS seismic reflection and ROBAS resistivity systems to provide continuous
detailed information on the depth and thickness of sediment layers and soil characteristics.
Cone Penetrometer Test (CPT) system provides measurements of sediment types, stratification, density
and soil shear strength in water depths to 2000m.
Territorial delimitations
Shipping activity
Fishing activities
Bathymetry
LAYING PLAN
Good lay planning became increasingly critical for
three reasons:
Modern day computer assisted lay planning techniques improves cable security by enhanced
planning and real time monitoring of the lay
SUBEA PLOUGH
PLOW DEPLOYED
INTO THE SEA
Submarine cable is spooled onto a large diameter reel while at the land
base.
After the cable loaded onto the reel, the ship proceeds to the laying
area.
The cable is unreeled and takes down to the sea bed by ROV.
The ship proceeds ahead slowly unreeling the cable assembly. This is
usually done at about one knot depending on weather conditions.
Reel barges are currently divided into two classes horizontal reel and
vertical reel.
For a horizontal reel, the axis of rotation is vertical with respect to the
barge deck.
The vertical reel barge is versatile and can lay cable in shallow water as
well as in very deepwater.
For the horizontal reel method, a stinger is needed in other than shallowwater cable laying operations.
The greatest advantage of the reel method is the speed with which the
cable can be laid.
This laying method used is by having the cable hanging in a catenary curve from
laying vehicle to the seabed and normally the cable is left on the seabed with a
tension
S-LAY METHOD
The traditional method for installing submarine
cables in relatively shallow water is commonly referred
to as the S - lay method .
As the submarine cable assembly moves across the
stern of the lay barge and before it reaches the ocean
floor, it is supported by a stinger a truss-like structure
is equipped with rollers and is known as a stinger.
The purpose of a stinger is to minimize curvature,
and therefore the bending stress, of the assembly as it
leaves the vessel.
Deeper water depths will result in a steeper lift-off
angle of the suspended cable span at the stinger tip,
requiring the stinger to be longer and/or more curved to
accommodate the greater arc of reverse curvature in the
over bend region
J-LAY METHOD
J-lay method are used for installing submarine cable in
deeper water
The method was so-named because the configuration of
the cable as it is being assembled resembles a J.
The cable is unwound and tagged with regular intervals
perfectly. Then the string is lowered to the ocean floor.
The J-lay method is inherently slower than the S-lay
method and is, therefore, more costly.
The J-lay method offers an alternative to the conventional
lay barge in that the stinger requirements for deepwater
are greatly reduced.
Bending stresses are low in this method.
The J-lay method is difficult to use in water depths as
shallow as 200-500 ft .
Before cable laying a trial navigation will carried out in the proposed cable
route On the propose cable route under the same procedure and conditions
of cable laying work.
Why Trial Run
To train all crew to enable the laying vessel to maintain on the proposed route.
To check all facilities and equipment are working properly as intended.
To check speed of lay.
To check all communication equipment and procedures are working as planned.
The plan shall be modified, if necessary, according to the trial navigation result.
LEADING
THE VESSEL
THROUGH
DIFFERENT
METHODS
CABLE PROTECTION
To maintain a positive
clearance between cables and
existing pipelines at crossing
points.
Cost-effective and less time
consuming.
OVER VIEW
SPIRA WRAPS
Discrete cylindrical sections formed from a
continuously wound helix.
This can be done on site without the need for
specialist tools.
Spirawrap is particularly suited to installation
by diver and is also suited to providing
temporary protection
AS LAID SURVEY
For sea lines , As-laid survey data will be typically obtained using ROV operated
from the Construction Support Vessel.
This ROV shall be equipped with
Central and Dual boom video-cameras
Gyrocompass
HD sonar
Bathy-system
Dual head
Scanning Sonar
Pipe tracker
DATA
SHEET
DATA
SHEET
(Contd..)
DATA
SHEET
(Contd..)
UMBILICAL
Umbilical are composite structures made
up of components of steel, polymer and
other materials.
To define perfectly, umbilical are,
underwater composite cables as used
by the offshore oil and gas industry for
the purposes of transporting gas and
control fluids with or without elements
for optical signals and/or elements for
transmission of electric power and
signal
A TYPICAL UMBILICAL
APPLICATION OF UMBILICALS
Umbilical have inarguably become the backbone of Oil and Gas Industry for all the offshore
applications. Subsea production systems have become an industry standard for the
development of new oil and gas discoveries. These systems are remotely operated from a
host facility through umbilical. Few include
Offshore Power Transmission and Distribution.
Power management and Advanced Control systems.
Well platform to a subsea well interconnections.
Well platform to a process platform interconnection.
Shore to sub-sea for the cause of process or chemical services.
Intervention systems for subsea wells
ADVANTAGES OF UMBILICAL
ELECTRIC
POWER
CHEMICAL
LINES
FIBER OPTICS
UMBILICALS
HOSES &
PROCESS LINES
UTILITY LINES
THERMOPLASTIC UMBILICAL:
Contains Thermo plastic hoses
Bore sizes to 2 Dia.
Hose working pressures (3,000 15,000 PSI)
HYBRID UMBILICAL:
Combination of Thermoplastics and Steel tubes
Steel tubes for Methanol, chemical injection, etc..
Integrated Service Umbilical (ISU) containing a flexible
flow line, electric cables, steel tubes and thermoplastic
hoses are also available for dynamic applications
PULL HEAD
DATA
SHEET
DATA
SHEET
(Contd..)
THERMOPLASTIC HOSES:
ISO 527
ISO 1402
ISO 3949
ISO 4080
ISO 4406
ISO 4671
ISO 7751
ISO 8308
TOISA POLARIS
SUBSEA VIKING
CABLE LAYING BARGE
The End
Thank You
UMBILICAL HISTORY