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WCDMA RF Optimization &case Study: ZTE University TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
WCDMA RF Optimization &case Study: ZTE University TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
&Case Study
ZTE University
TD&W&PCS BSS Course Team
Content
Whole network
optimization
No
Satisfy the
indexes or not?
Single station
check
Standing wave ratio, primary set and diversity RSSI check, primary set and
diversity lock balance;
Spectrum scanning
Load-free test
Load test
Voice quality--BLER
Forward coverage
Pilot coverage
Service coverage
Backward coverage
Content
Common RF Problems
Call Drop
Discontinuity
Access Failure
Interference
There is internal interference source.
Discontinuity Analysis
Interference
There is in-band interference source.
Access Failure
Interference
RF Optimization Policy
RF Optimization Policy
RF Optimization Policy
area, and further reduce the number of pilots in the pilot pollution
area;
Appropriately reduce the transmitting power of the cell, so as to
reduce the signal strength to narrow the coverage area, and also
further reduce the number of pilots in the pilot pollution area;
If the two measures are of no use, we can increase base stations
Content
WCDMA DT Cases
DT Best Ec
WCDMA DT Cases
DT Best SC
Ant reverse
Over cover
No domi server
WCDMA DT Cases
Uplink/downlink unbalance
TX is high
WCDMA DT Cases
WCDMA DT Cases
Adjacent
cell
problem
Call drop
Content
Case1(Handover problem)
If the UE passes such an area in a very quick speed, the call might be
dropped.
Case1
Case1
Case1
Case1
Case1
poor.
Once in the idle mode, the UE sets up connection with the new
cell.
The Ec/Io reported by the UE becomes very good.
The big difference of Ec/Io indicates that the call-drop is caused by
these reasons.
The pilot strength data of the two cells recorded by the Scanner
Case2
It is found that the call-drop rate is very high on the seaside express
way from TRI002 to TRI004. According to the testing data analysis, the
coverage distance of 404 is very short at the call-drop venue.
Case2
Case2
Problem analysis:
As the handover region is short and the call-drop venue on
Case2
Solution:
Event
Setting before
optimization
Setting after
optimization
1A event
Reporting Range
Constant
Hysteresis
3.5dB
2dB
Time to trigger
200ms
200ms
1B event
Reporting Range
Constant
Hysteresis
3.5dB
4dB
Time to trigger
200ms
640ms
1C event
Hysteresis
6dB
4dB
Time to trigger
200ms
320ms
According
to
the
driving
testing
after
1D event
Hysteresis
6dB
4dB
Time to trigger
200ms
320ms
Case3
Case3
Problem analysis:
Spot A is about 2.7km from Sousse2 site. A is the entrance of a
site height is only 25m; there is little space for increasing the
height.
Case3
Solution:
Channel
Before adjustment
After
adjustment
CPICH
10%
15%
common channels;
BCH
-3dB
0dB
FACH
0dB
3dB
PCH
-3dB
0dB
PSCH
-4dB
-3dB
SSCH
-4dB
-3dB
PICH
-7dB
-4dB
AICH
-7dB
-4dB
power
Flower hall site is located on the Gaoxun Tower beside the Quzhuang cloverleaf junction. Its is at a height of
70m. After driving testing, it is found that the 425 (scramble) cell of the site provides overshoot coverage. Cell
signals are still strong in the First Zhongshan Road, which is far from the Flower hall site. As the 425 cell is
not configured as the Neighbor-Cell of cell 436 in the first sector of the Shuqianlu site located on the First
Zhongshan Road, calls are easily dropped in this area.
The above figure shows the pilot Ec/Io driving testing result on the
First Zhongshan Road (affected by signals from the Flower hall site,
Ec/Io in area A is very poor; call-drop rate in the area is high;
however, the pilot strength of the area is good.)
Case 4
Solution:
Add Cell3 into Cell2s Neighbor-Cell list;
As Cell3 is in a far distance, it is not expected to be a member of the active set in
the problematic area;
Reduce the transmit power of Cell3 and increase its tilt angle in order to control
its signal coverage range. At the same time, take into consideration the coverage
range to be provided by Cell3.
Case 4
Execute solution:
Add the mechanical tilt angle of the antenna of Huachang site 425
cell;
Add Huachang site 425 cell into the Neighbour-Cell list of
Shuqianlu site;
Reduce the maximum transmit power, common channel power
and pilot channel power of Flower hall site 425 cell by 3dB.
Case 4
The bigger the loads in the high site coverage area, the more
possible the problem might occur.
Case 4
Suggestion
In urban areas, buildings are densely located and the penetration loss is big; the
radio transmission environment is complicated and the NodeB coverage distance is
small. Hence the antenna should not be put too high. According to the present
building density and average height, the antenna height can be about 35m; it should
be 10~15m higher than the average height of surrounding buildings. Of course, the
specific height of the antenna should be determined according to the local radio
transmission environment.
In rural areas, population is relatively small and buildings are not densely located;
distances between base stations are big. Hence the antenna should be high; in
general, the antenna height in rural areas is around 50m and should be 15m higher
than the average height of its surrounding.
In the sea, the radio transmission model is similar as the transmission model for free
spaces. The radio transmission environment is good; radio electric waves can be
transmitted to a far distance. The site can be located on a high hill (higher than
100m) in order to expand its coverage.
In deserts and Gobi areas, signals are transmitted to a farer distance than in ordinary
plains. The antenna height is usually 60m or higher in order to expand the signal
coverage area.
Case 5
Neighbour-Cell list.
Case 5
If the pilot signals of one cell is very strong but the cell is not added in
the active set, signals of the cell will become strong interference;
Case 5
According to repeated driving tests, it is found that calls are usually dropped
during the handover in the direction from the Flower hall site to the Yunshan
Hotel site; in the opposite direction from the Yunshan Hotel site to the Flower
hall site, no call-drop occurs.
Case 5
Problem analysis:
According to testing data analysis, the section 20m from the call-drop venue is mainly covered by
signals from the third sector (scramble 426) of the Flower hall site instead of signals from the first
sector (scramble 424) of the Flower hall site. The reason might be the third sector (scramble 426) of
the Flower hall site is sheltered by a tall building in front of it; signals of this sector are reflected to the
road segment of 20m between the Flower hall site and the Yunshan Hotel site. Check the NeighbourCell list; it is found that the third sector (scramble 414) of the Yunshan Hotel site has configured the
third sector of the Flower hall site as an Neighbour-Cell, while the third sector (scramble 426) of the
Flower hall site does not configure the third sector (scramble 414) of the Yunshan Hotel site as an
Neighbour-Cell. This has caused a failure in single-directional handover and resulted in call-drop.
Solution:
Configure the third sector (scramble 414) of the Yunshan Hotel site as an Neighbour-Cell of the third
sector (scramble 426) of the Flower hall site.
Case 5
Summary
In the network planning phase, the Neighbour-Cell list can be
Case 6
If the path loss values from the MS to multiple cells are similar, problems will be
generated as there is no dominant server.
Such problems include poor Ec/Io, low downlink capacity, and frequent updating
of the active set.
Case 6
Case 6
Remove the central site; pilot pollution will be generated in the central area, which leads
to the emulated Ec/Io failure (the coverage probability now is 78%).
Case 6
Increase the pilot power from 33 dBm to 38 dBm; simulated Ec/Io failures
disappear; but downlink Eb/No failures occur in the same area.
Case 6
Zoom in
Pilot pollution
Case 6
Solution:
In the precondition of satisfying coverage, adjust the tilt
Case7(Antenna problem)
Case7
Problem analysis:
Through the review of the DT data with optimization analysis
software ZXPOS CNA1 and the survey on the site, it is found that
in front of Sector 2 (with the scramble 437) of the Shuqian Road
base station, there are dense buildings which form a serious
barrier and influences in the coverage of the sector. Besides, the
areas within scores of meters in front of Sector 1 (with the
scramble 439) of Donghu base station is also completely blocked
by a row of high residential buildings, which makes Sector 1
unable to cover that area.
Solution
Change the direction angle of Sector 2 in the Shuqian Road base
Case7
Case7
Case7
Problem analysis:
Through the analysis of the DT data of Baishi Road, it is
Solution
Adjust the antenna direction angle of Sector from 110 to
Case7
Conduct DT on the Baishi Road after the optimization. From the DT result
below it can be seen that the pilot strength is improved to more than
90dBm.
Beijing
Guangzhou
Shanghai
Nanjing
Jinan
Shenzhen