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S C I E N C E A N D T E C H N O LO GY

SCIENCE
Latin word scire meaning to know
Accumulated and systematized learning
A combination of both processes and products

HISTORY
The Greeks were probably the first to create
science when they used deductive thinking in the
investigation of phenomena.
Thales of Miletus (greek philosopher, astronomer
and engineer)- originated the science of
deductive geometry was later developed and
systematized by Euclid

TECHNOLOGY
Techno (Greek) for art and skill
Technologia systematic treatment

Chemical technology- involves the application of

chemistry principles for practical use.

19TH CENTURY THE BEGINNING OF

APPLIED SCIENCE
The merging of
scientific knowledge
with technological
know-how:
Thomas Edisonelectric lamp
(Faraday and Henry)

Graham Belltelephone
(Helmoltz)

Marconi- telegraph
(Hertz and Maxwell)

Becquerel- CAT and

NMR

Einstein- atomic
bomb

SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES OF A SCIENTIST

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Curiosity
Determination
Open-mindedness
Acceptance of failure
Objectivity
Humility
Skepticism
Patience

WHAT IS CHEMISTRY?
Is the science that deals with the properties,
composition and structure of matter, the changes it
undergoes and the laws and principles that govern
these changes.

 A chemist is a scientist who studies diverse kinds

of materials like glass, water, oxygen , starch ,
proteins , aluminum and aspirin.
Finds what materials are made of and makes
know their inner structure.
Prepares or synthesizes new compounds and
develops new processes or procedures
Knowledgeable about chemical changes

CHEMISTS MAKE IMPORTANT

CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY

Increasing food production

Providing materials for our basic needs
Improving health with new drugs and medicines
Contributing to economic progress
Improving the quality of life

BUT CHEMISTS ARE ALSO BLAMED

Pollution from toxic chemicals (environmental and
biological damages)

CHEMISTS
Marguerite Perey- 87th element in the
periodic table (Francium)
Dorothy Hodgkin- determined the
structure of biochemical compounds
essential for combating pernicious
anemia

SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Observation
Problem
Hypothesis
Experimentation
Theory

EXAMPLE PROBLEM: YOU WANT TO CHOOSE

A SOAP THAT IS BEST FOR YOUR SKIN

1. Collection of Data
what are the different brands of soap in the market?
Which brands of soap do your friends use?
2. State your hypothesis
the most popular brand is the best soap
3. Experiment
Use the soap for about one week and test its
reaction and cleansing action on your skin. Consider
the scent and texture.
4. Make a generalization
accept or reject your hypothesis based on your
findings.

SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

All nonzero digits are significant

Zeros between nonzero digits are significant
Zeros to the right of a decimal are significant
Zeros to the left of nonzero digits are not
significant but are used to indicate the position of
the decimal point
When a number ends in zeros the zeros are not
significant.

number

Number of significant figures

24.5

20.56

20.560

2.000

0.0410

26.00

4.10

0.0205

SI SYSTEM OF UNITS
Prefix

Symbol

multiplier

Exa

1018

peta

1015

tera

1012

giga

109

mega

106

kilo

103

hecto

102

deca

da

101

deci

10-1

centi

10-2

milli

10-3

micro

10-6

nano

10-9

pico

10-12

femto

10-15

atto

10-18

Quantity

Units

Symbols

length

metre

mass

Kilogram

kg

time

second

electric current

Ampere

temperature

kelvin

amount of
substance

mole

mol

Luminous intensity

candela

cd

The Summary of SI base units.

 The SI unit of length is the metre (m)

1nm = 1 x 10-9 m
1pm = 1 x 10-12 m
1km = 1 x 103 m
1cm = 1 x 10-2 m
1mm = 1 x 10-3 m

 The SI unit of volume is the cubic metre (m3)

1 L = 1000mL
103 L = 1 m3
1 mL = 1 cm3

 The most commonly used units of mass in chemistry are

the kilogram, milligram and microgram.

1 kg = 1000 g
1 g = 1000 mg
1 g = 1 000 000 ug
0r
1 g = 10-3 kg
1 mg = 10-3 g
1 ug = 10-6 g
Mass- is the amount of matter in an object. It measures the
resistance offered by a body against acceleration.
Weight- describes the force of gravity on an object and is
dependent on location.

THE FREEZING AND BOILING POINT OF WATER ON THE CELSIUS

FAHRENHEIT AND KELVIN TEMPERATURE SCALES

Freezing pt

Boiling pt

Absolute zero

0C

100 C

-273 C

32 F

212 F

-459 F

273 K

373 K

0K

LET US DERIVED AN EQUATION SHOWING THE

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEGREES CELSIUS AND
DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
Try the following conversion exercises:
1. One of the highest temperatures registered last
summer was 39 C. Find its temperature in F.
2. Which is colder, -160 F or -100 C? why?
3. In some countries, 80 F is already considered as
warm. What are the equivalent temperatures in
C and K?

DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OR FACTORLABEL METHOD

1. The length of a piece of wood is 13.25 cm.
Express this in kilometers.
2. The volume of a block wood is 16 cm3 . What is
the volume in cubic meters.
3. A can contains 250mL of juice. How many litres
of juice are there in this can?
4. How many cubic centimeters are there in 0.15L?
1 cm3 = 1 mL

CONVERSION FACTORS CAN BE USED IN DAILY

SITUATIONS AND IN ANY PROFESSION.
1. A kilogram of atis costs P20.00. How many
kilograms can you buy if you have P90.00?
2. A tablet contains 5 mg of antibiotic. If the doctor
orders 0.15 g of the antibiotic, how many
tablets are needed?

LETS TRY USING CONVERSION FACTORS IN SOLVING

SOME PROBLEMS CONCERNING DENSITY.
D= m/V
1. A solid material has a density of 5g/mL. what is
the volume in litres of 100 g of the material.