CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Prepared By:
Precious Mae S. Layag
Catherine A. Matining
Ivan J. Mejico
Block Diagrams
Of
Control System
What is Block Diagram?
Block Diagram
It is a shorthand, pictorial
representation of the cause-effect
relationship between the input and output of
a system.
Block Diagram Cont
Input
Output
BLOCK
Examples:
Input
Output
Control
System
Y=
Block Diagram Cont
Input A
Input B
Output
Block Diagram Cont
Input A
Output
Input B
Summing
Point
C
Examples:
A+ B
A +B+C
Block Diagram Cont
x
x
x
x
Take-off Point
x
x
Take-off Point
Block Diagrams
Of
Continuous Feedback
Control System
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF CLOSED
LOOP (FEEDBACK)
Control
Reference Input
Actuating
(Error)
Signal
Primary
Feedback
Signal
Disturbance
Signal or
Manipulated
Feed Forward Variable
Plant
(Control)
Or Process
Elements
FORWARD PATH
Feedback
Elements
FEEDBACK PATH
Controlled
Output
BASIC CONFIGURATION OF CLOSED
LOOP (FEEDBACK)
Control
Actuating
(Error)
Signal
Reference Input
e= r
r
b
Primary
Feedback
Signal
Disturbance
Signal or
Manipulated
Feed Forward Variable
Plant
(Control)
Or Process
Elements
g1
u or m
FORWARD PATH
g2
Feedback
Elements
FEEDBACK PATH
Controlled
Output
Terminology of a Closed-Loop Block Diagram
Reference input r external signal applied to the
feedback control system.
Actuating (or Error) Signal- is the reference input
signal r plus or minus the primary feedback signal
b.
Terminology of a Closed-Loop Block
Diagram Cont.
Feed forward (control) Elements g1 are the components of
the forward path that generate the control signal u or m
applied to the plant.
Control Signal u or Manipulated Signal m is the output
signal of the feed forward element g 1 applied as input to the
plant g2
Terminology of a Closed-Loop Block
Diagram Cont.
Plant or Process g2 - is the system, subsystem,
process or object controlled by the feedback
control system
Forward Path is the transmission path from the
summing point to the controlled output c.
Terminology of a Closed-Loop Block
Diagram Cont.
Controlled Output c is the output variable of the
plant, under the control of feedback control system
Feedback Path is the transmission path from the
controlled output c back to the summing point
Terminology of a Closed-Loop Block
Diagram Cont.
Feedback Element h establish the functional
relationship between the controlled output c and the
primary feedback signal b.
Primary feedback signal b is the function of
controlled output c
Terminology of a Closed-Loop Block
Diagram Cont.
Negative Feedback the summing point is a
subtractor
e=rb
Positive Feedback - the summing point is an adder
e=r+b
Block Diagram of Discrete-Time
Control System
What is Discrete-Time Control System?
It is one having discrete-time signals or
components at one or more points in the
system.
Block Diagram of Discrete-Time Control
System
Discrete-Time
Control
System
Discrete-Time
Discrete-Time
Input
Output
Sampler is a device which coverts
continuous-time signal into a discrete-time
signal
Hold converts the discrete-time output of
a sampler into a particular kind of continuous
- time or analog signal
Zero-Order
Hold
Clock
A/D
Digital
Process
D/A
COMPUTER-CONTROLLED SYSTEM
Includes a computer as the primary control
element
Clock
A/D
Digital
Process
D/A
Plant/
Process
Clock
A/D
Digital
Process
Controller
D/A
Plant/
Process
SUPPLEMENTARY TERMINOLOGY
Transducer a device which converts one
energy form into another
Example of Transducer
Position
Input
v
Voltage
Output
Potentiometer
Reference
Input
Command
Transducer
Transducer
Feedback
Transducer
SERVOMECHANISM
- a power-amplifying feedback control system
REGULATORS
- a feedback control system in which the
reference input or command is constant for
long period of time
