Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SEMESTER C1
TEAM #
1
COMMUNICATION
The communication occurs due to
the ability of the speakers to produce
and understand and unlimited number of
utterances, including many that are new or
Unfamiliar for them.
E
G
A
U
G
AN
A system of communication,
medium of thought, a vehicle for
literary expression
LANGUAGE PROPERTIES
D u a l i t y o f p a t t e r n i n g
C r e a t i v i t y
D i s p l a c e m e n t
I n t e r c h a n g e a b i l i t y
C u l t u r a l Tr a n s m i s s i o n
A r b i t r a r i n e s s
B i o l o g y
A m b i g u i t y
Va r i e t y
4
DUALITY OF PATTERNING
It is the ability to recombine small units. (sounds/ words)Similar to
productivity (new sentences)
IS DUALITY OF PATTERNING
UNIQUE TO HUMAN
COMMUNICATION?
When birds produce single notes they are
meaningless, but when they are combined they convey
meaningful messages.
DISPLACEMENT
We can refer
to past,
present and
future time,
and others
locations, no
only the here
and now.
CULTURAL
TRANSMISSION
The learning of language occurs in social groups.
CREATIVITY
The ability to create new messages by combining alreadyexisting signs.
INTERCHANGEABILITY
A user can both receive and broadcast the same signal
ARBITRARINESS
In animal
communication,
there is often a
strong recognizable
link between the
actual signal and the
message an animal
wishes to convey.
OTHERS
Biology
On a purely biological
level, the human voice
box and tongue are
very unique, and are
required to make the
sounds we recognize
as language.
Ambiguity
Variety
HOW DO ANIMALS
COMMUNICATE?
Visual signals
Auditory signals
Variety
of
differe
nt
signals
Olfactory signals
(chemical
signals)
Electro signals
Touch signals (tactile)
Seismic signals
1. VISUAL SIGNALS
Gesture
Facial expression
Gaze following
Color change
Bioluminescent
1. VISUAL SIGNALS
1. VISUAL SIGNALS
b/ Facial expression
1.VISUAL SIGNALS
c/ Gaze following: the abilities of animals to follow the gaze of
those they interact with (members of their own species or
humans)
1. VISUAL SIGNALS
d/ Color Change
The male
American
goldfinch
Cardinal
1. VISUAL SIGNALS
e/ Bioluminescent
Anglerfish
2. AUDITORY
Use sound to communicate
3. OLFACTORY (CHEMICAL
SIGNALS)
Communication through smell and taste
skunk
cat
4.ELECTRO
Receive vibrations in the water
Aquatic animals
5. TOUCH (TACTILE)
Communicate through touch
6. SEISMIC
HUMAN LANGUAGE VS
ANIMAL COMMUNICATION
In human language, the symbols are mostly arbitrary
and the system has to be painstakingly.
Duality and displacement are rare in the animal world.
Creativity seems not to be present in any natural
communication system possessed by animals.
Language is a patterned system of arbitrary sound
signals, characterized by structure dependence,
creativity, displacement, duality and cultural
transmission.