Feed Additives in

Animal’s feed
Dr.M.K.Mehta
ANN-211
 Classification
Feed additives

Nutritive Non-nutritive

Mineral supplements Antibiotics

Hormones

Vitamin Supplements Probiotics

Acidifiers
Amino acids
Medicaments
 1 Mineral Supplements
1. Chromium Supplements – Ex. Chromium
picolinate, chromium nicotinate.
Uses – 1. Increases nitrogen retention.
2. In swine improves glucose
metabolism.
2. Copper – As copper sulphate etc.
3. Iron – As ferrous sulphate etc.
4. Zinc – As Zinc sulphate etc.
5. Iodine – As iodinated casein etc
6. Other minerals are also supplemented in
different forms
 2.Vitamin supplements
 Pure synthetic and natural vitamins
are available to supplement in the
ration of livestock.
 Vitablend- Vitamin A,B2, D3 (For
Poultry)
 Vitablend- Vitamin A ,D3 ( For
Ruminants)
 Rovimix – Vitamin A, B2, D3
 3.Amino acid
supplements
Limiting amino acids like
methionine and lysine are provided
to poultry for better feed utilization
and to replace the animal proteins
in the ration.
 Antibiotics
“Soluble Organic substances produced
from one microorganism, inhibiting the
growth of other microorganisms.”
Mode of action –
1. By affecting enzyme system.
2. By nutrient sparing effect.
3. By inhibiting toxins producing
bacteria.
A) Non Ionophores antibiotics – Chlorotetracycline,
Oxitetracycline ect.
B) Ionophores antibiotics – Monesin, Lasalocide,
Salinomycin, lysocellin.
 Practical Use
A) Ruminants –
1. Reduce incidence of diarrhoea in calves.
2. Check sub clinical infection
3. Reduces the subclinical infection.
4. Reduces the incidence of liver abscesses in beef cattles fed
with high grain ration.
B) Poultry –
1. Prevent control of coccidiosis. Egg production is also
improved.

Disadvantage of antibiotic supplement –

Residue effect – Meat of antibiotic feeding animal
contain residue of antibiotic, when such meat are
consumed by human being then there is
development of resistance against these antibiotics.
 Probiotics
“It is a live culture of non pathogenic micro
organism which are administered orally.”
Prebiotics are the substances which promote
the growth of probiotics.
Example of probiotic – Lactobacillus species,
Saccromyces cerevisiae.

Characteristics of good probiotics –

1. It should have high survival rate.
2. It should be acid resistant and bile
resistant.
3. It should not be toxic.
4. Adhesive capacity must be ferm and faster.
 Practical use of probiotics

1. Pigs –
1. Prevent incidence of diarrhoea.
2. Improve weight gain and feed efficiency.
3. Reduces E. coli scours in piglet.

2. Poultry –
1. Lactobacillus supplementation would be
effective in controlling the coliferm
proliferation.
2. It changes microflora of caeca.
Yeast Culture – Good source
of vitamin B Complex.
 Hormones

1. Anabolic Hormone – Somatotropin,

thyroxine, Androgens
2. Catabolic Hormone – Oestrogens,
Glucocorticoids.
3. Exogenous Hormones – Either obtain
from plants or synthesized
chemically.
A) Hormone as Carcass modifiers –
Increases nitrogen retention.
Ex. Estrogen, Antrogen, and Combination of both.

B) Anabolic Steroids – TBA, Zeranol etc.

Note : These are banned in Europian union.

C) Increase growth and feed efficiency – Ex.

Diethylstillbestrol, Zeranol, TBA, Synovex plus.

D) Increases milk production – Ex. Biotech derived

somatotropin.

E) Increases Meat production.

Side effects of feeding synthetic
hormones.

1. Milk secretion from rudimentary teats.

2. Restlessness.

3. In human beings exposure of residue of

estrogen is carcinogenic.