THE POLICY

POLITICS
AND
PROCESS:
Elika er bienes

The Policy
Process

Policy is vitally important

whether one is concerned
with its quality, quantity,
direction or symbolic
On
the
performance
of
policy
also
value.
hangs the future of the billions of
people who inhabit the developing
nations.

What is
policy?
As
a label for
a filed
fussy
betting
of activity
attempting
to
As
an expression of
influence
the
general
purpose
or
desired
state of affairs
probability
of
As specific goals
future
As decisions of
situations
government
As
formal 1968
~Dror,
authorization

As
As
As
As

a programme
output
outcome
a theory or model

As process
Decisions
Purposive
behavior
Constructed by
human agents

The contribution of
policy

While many factors influence the developmental

record of countries, it is certainly the case that
good policy choices and their effective
implementation are major explanatory variables.
Life expectancy increased
The HPAEs were the
from 56 years in 1960 to
only group of
70 years in 1990
economies with high
Poverty decreased from
economic growth and
58% to 17% over the
declining inequality
same period.

The contribution of
policy
East Asian
Miracle
Market Friendly
Stategy
Rapid growth is achieved
by governments doing
less where markets work but doing more in
areas where market cannot be relied upon for
desired outcomes.

The contribution of
policy
Market Friendly
Stategy
Market
failure can be an important impediment to
rapid growth but argues that government failure can
have very high costs as well.
If the government tries to do more, then it may do
more harm than good unless its interventions are
market-friendly.
Accumulation
Efficient allocation
Technological catchup

The contribution of
policy
Lindenberg and Ramirez (1989) offer a useful
classificatory device for this purpose. They
acknowledge the national differences and warn that
no recipes for development can be passed blindly
1. Reconstructing the past and understanding
from one another.
the present
2. Shaping the future: short and medium
term options
3. Managing winners and
losers
4. Adjusting the organization to
change