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Lecture10 Oce Dyn
Lecture10 Oce Dyn
STTAL XXXIV
KULIAH 10
Dr. Anastasia Rita Tisiana Dwi Kuswardani
2014
Inertialmotion
Geostrophicflow
Northern
hemisphere:flow
totherightofthe
PGF
Other views
Lookingdownontothe
ocean
(Northernhemisphere
examplesforvelocity
directions)
Lookingatacross
section
Thinkofballrolling
downhillfromhighto
lowpressure,turningto
therightduetoCoriolis
DPOFig.7.9
- fv = - (1/)p/x
fu = - (1/)p/y
Vertical (z) (down-up)
0 = pressure gradient force + effective gravity
0 = - (1/)p/z - g
Cyclonic:
aroundalow
pressure
center
Anticyclonic:
aroundahigh
pressurecenter
Cyclonicisclockwiseinthenorthernhemisphere,counterclockwisein
thesouthernhemisphere
Geostrophy
during Tropical Cyclone Lua (March 2011)
Circulation is
counterclockwise
around the Low
(cyclonic) and
clockwise around
the High
(anticyclonic).
LOW
LOW HIGH
LOW
LOW HIGH
LOW
(northern
hemisphere)
LOW
Southern Hem:
Cyclonic is
clockwise, etc..
Reid,1997
(Topex/Poseidon
Stewart
textbook
GulfStream
AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent
Highpressure
AntarcticCircumpolarCurrent
DPOFig.4.10
Roemmich,1983
Fartherdown(ath2),thedifference
inmassaboveh2atBandAis
smallersincethedensityatBis
lowerthananA.SothePGFis
smallerandthecurrentisweaker.
DensityatAishigherthandensityatB
A>B
Evenfartherdown(ath3),wecan
haveequalmass(equalpressure,
henceNOPGF)sincetotalmassat
BandAistheSAME.
DPOFig.S7.20
Thermal wind
(geostrophic method):
slide 2
Nowassumethatdensityvaries
continuously.
Wemeasuredensity(REDlines).The
slopedowntotherightmeansthatflow
increasesintothepagewithheight
(decreaseswithdepth)
Weassume(ormeasure)thatvelocityis,
say,0atdepth3.Thereforethepressure
contourp3mustbeflatthere.
(Andbelowlevel3,theflowwouldstart
goingbacktheotherway,outofthe
page)
DPOFig.7.10
Geostrophic Currents
The geostrophic equations are widely used in oceanography to
calculate currents at depth. The geopotential is:
Stewart, 2008
Geostrophic Currents
Need a reference
'depth of no motion' or
Current meter mooring
South Java
Southern Bali
%dep(m),tem_061(degC),saly_061(psu),tem_081(degC),saly_081(psu),vg(m/s
),tra(Sv)
0
29.091 35.297
28.999
34.593
-0.075
-2.55
25 28.538 34.644
28.907
34.706
-0.053
-2.36
50 26.243 34.681
26.398
34.567
-0.045
-2.22
75 24.764 34.784
24.929
34.871
-0.041
-2.1
100 22.722 34.788
22.749
34.815
-0.042
-1.98
125 19.197 34.75
19.605
34.594
-0.034
-1.88
150 16.613 34.642
16.821
34.686
-0.025
-1.79
175 15.476 34.745
14.536
34.654
-0.03
-1.72
200 13.584 34.653
13.455
34.682
-0.037
-1.62
225 12.986 34.641
12.444
34.624
-0.042
-1.51
250 11.825 34.553
12.009
34.639
-0.047
-1.39
275 11.016 34.609
11.387
34.607
-0.045
-1.26
300 10.682 34.617
10.765
34.581
-0.041
-1.13
325 10.284 34.649
10.573
34.643
-0.037
-1.02
350 10.036 34.656
10.23
34.673
-0.034
-0.92
:
:
:
650 7.351 34.636
7.428
34.612
-0.008
-0.11
675 7.289 34.636
7.261
34.587
-0.006
-0.09
700 7.078 34.609
6.774
34.528
-0.004
-0.07
725 6.763 34.551
6.655
34.555
-0.004
-0.06
750 6.392 34.534
6.545
34.557
0
-0.004
775 6.334 34.544
6.33
34.543
0
-0.004
800 6.004 34.525
6.22
34.545
0
-0.004
825 5.92
34.519
6.002
34.529
0
-0.003
850 5.708 34.514
5.798
34.513
0
-0.003
875 5.57
34.52
5.608
34.492
0
-0.001
900 5.318 34.489
5.41
34.491
0
0
DPOFig.
7.11
Sea surface height in the Pacific. (Using Niiler et al., 2003, surface
heights based on drifters)
DPOFig.S10.1
Sea surface height in the Indian. (Using Niiler et al., 2003, surface
heights based on drifters)
DPOFig.S11.1