NOUNS (2nd n.

)
Ch. 4

Noun Declensions
1st Declension (f./m.) = -a, -ae
2nd Declension Masc. = -us/-er/-ir, -
2nd Declension Neuter = -um, -

Adjectives of the 1st/2nd

Declensions
Feminine = -a, -ae
Masculine = -us, -
Neuter = -um, -

2nd Decl. Neuter Noun Endings

(case)

(number)
SINGULA
R
Nom. -um
Gen. -
Dat. -
Acc. -um
Abl.
-
Voc. -um

PLURAL
-a
-rum
-s
-a
-s
-a

Adjectives of 1st/2nd Declension

Neuter Endings

(case)

(number)
SINGULA
R
Nom. -um
Gen. -
Dat. -
Acc. -um
Abl.
-
Voc. -um

PLURAL
-a
-rum
-s
-a
-s
-a

All Noun Endings We Know

So Far
SINGULAR 2 Decl.
1 Decl.
2 Decl.
nd

st

Masc.

nd

Neu.

Nom.

-us/-er/-ir

-a

-um

Gen.

-ae

Dat.

-ae

Acc.

-um

-am

-um

Abl.

Voc.

(*)

-a

-um

Nom.

-ae

-a

Gen.

-rum

-rum

-rum

Dat.

-s

-s

-s

Acc.

-s

-s

-a

Abl.

-s

-s

-s

Voc.

-ae

-a

PLURAL

All Adj. Endings We Know So

FarFem.
SINGULAR Masc.
Neu.
Nom.

-us

-a

-um

Gen.

-ae

Dat.

-ae

Acc.

-um

-am

-um

Abl.

Voc.

-e

-a

-um

Nom.

-ae

-a

Gen.

-rum

-rum

-rum

Dat.

-s

-s

-s

Acc.

-s

-s

-a

Abl.

-s

-s

-s

Voc.

-ae

-a

PLURAL

PRACTICE
Remember:
NOUN = BASE (gen sing form - ending) +
ENDING
ADJ = BASE (fem nom sing form - ending)
+ ENDING

The verb to be
IRREGULAR; all present tense forms
must be MEMORIZED
Does not have a VOICE
(active/passive); it just is what it is
It is CRUCIALLY IMPORTANT to learn
these forms and have them
memorized

The verb to be (present

indicative)
Infinitive = esse (to be)

(person)

(number)

1st
2nd
3rd

Imperati

SINGULAR
sum (I am)
es (You (s.)
are)
est (He/she/it
is)

PLURAL
sumus (We
are)
estis (You (pl.)
are)
sunt (They
are)

es ((sing.) Be) este ((pl.) Be)

Predicate Nouns/Adjectives
The verb to be can act like an
equals sign (=)
It acts as a linking verb (X is Y; X
est Y)
Instead of a direct object, it takes a
predicate noun (or predicate
adjective)
The subject of the sentence is, of
course, in the nominative case. The
predicate noun/adj. is ALSO in the

EXAMPLES
Brutus is a poet.
Brutus est poeta.
Farmers are not poets.
Agricolae sunt nn poetae.
The gift is good.
Donum est bonum.
The sailors are greedy.
Nautae sunt avar.
- I am a teacher.
Magister sum.

3 Types of Adjectives

Attributive Adjective
The bad man praises the old war.
Malus vir antiquum bellum laudat.
Predicate Adjective
The teacher is bad and foolish.
Magister est malus et stultus.
Substantive Adjective
We praise the great [men].
Magns laudmus.

PRACTICE

VERB = STEM + ENDING

Forms of to be = Irregular
NOUN = BASE + ENDING
ADJ = BASE + ENDING
Adjectives must agree with the nouns
they modify in GENDER, NUMBER,
and CASE