FUTURE/IMPERFECT

Ch. 5

Personal Verb Endings

1st
2nd
3rd

SING
- (or m)
-s
-t

PLURAL
-mus
-tis
-nt

Present Tense Verb Endings

1st person
2nd
3rd

SING
laud
lauds
laudat

PLURAL
laudmus
laudtis
laudant

1st
2nd
3rd

SING
mone
mons
monet

PLURAL
monmus
montis
monent

Present vs. Imperfect

Present Tense (e.g. laudmus)
We do praise
We are praising
We praise
Imperfect Tense (past; incomplete
action)
We did praise
We were praising
We used to praise
NOT: We praised

Imperfect Tense Verb

Endings
1st person
2nd
3rd

SING
laud-bam

1st

laud-bs
laud-bat
SING
mon-bam

2nd
3rd

mon-bs
mon-bat

PLURAL
laudbmus
laud-btis
laud-bant
PLURAL
monbmus
mon-btis
mon-bant

Present vs. Future

Present Tense (e.g. laudmus)
We do praise
We are praising
We praise
Future Tense
We will praise
(We shall praise)

Future Tense Verb Endings

1st person
2nd
3rd

SING
laud-b
laud-bis
laud-bit

PLURAL
laud-bimus
laud-bitis
laud-bunt

1st
2nd
3rd

SING
mon-b
mon-bis
mon-bit

PLURAL
mon-bimus
mon-bitis
mon-bunt

INFIXES
Present Tense
laud-mus
We-praise
Future Tense
laud-bi-mus
We-will-praise
Imperfect Tense
laud-b-mus
We-were-praising

PRACTICE
Remember:
VERB = STEM + ENDING

2nd Declension Masculine

Nouns

amicus, amic, m.
puer, puer, m.
ager, agr, m.
Noun Base = gen. sing. form minus
the ending
ager, agr, m.
Base = agr-

Adjectives of the 1st/2nd

Declension in -er

magnus, magna, magnum (normal)

liber, libera, liberum
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
Its sort of like how we approach a 2nd
decl. masc. noun in -er

Adjectives of the 1st/2nd

Declension in -er
Adjective base = fem. nom. sing.
form minus the ending
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum
base = pulchr-

3 tools of satis
- Adverb:
Satis virum laudmus.
We praise the man enough/sufficiently.
- INDECLINABLE Adjective:
Tua pecunia est satis.
Your money is sufficient.
(Basically predicate adjective onlyyoull see
why.)
INDECLINABLE: same form for any
gender/number/case
(To determine meaning, context/word order

3 tools of satis
- INDECLINABLE Noun:
Puer semper satis dat.
The boy always gives enough.
Puer semper satis pecuniae dat.
The boy always gives enough money.
The boy always gives enough of money.
The boy always gives enough of the money.
*SATIS takes the GENITIVE of the thing that
you have ENOUGH OF!

Simple Direct Question: -ne

Virum laudbant.
They were praising the man.
Tack on ne to the end of the FIRST
word of the sentence to make it a
question.
Virumne laudbant.
Laudbantne virum.
Were they praising the man?
Did they praise the man?

PRACTICE
VERB = STEM + ENDING
NOUN = BASE + ENDING
ADJECTIVE = BASE + ENDING
Adjective agrees with noun it modifies
in GENDER, NUMBER, CASE, but not
necessarily DECLENSION or
APPEARANCE