BPS 1323

Introduction to Engineering
Science

IDEAL GAS
LAW

N
O
C
S

E
T

T
N
Properties of Gases
Physical Characteristic of
Gases
The Gas Law
Daltons Law of Partial
Pressure
Characteristic Gas Equation

LEARNING OUTCOMES
Understand the relationships that exist between
pressure, volume and temperature in a set of laws
called the gas law

Appreciate Daltons law of partial pressure

Solve problems using characteristic gas equation

PROPERTIES OF GASES
Expand to completely fill their
container & take the shape of
their container
Compressible
Low density
Mixtures of gases
are always
homogeneous

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF
GASES
Physical Characteristics
Volume, V

Typical Units
liters (L)

Pressure, P

Pascal (Pa)

Temperature, T

Kelvin (K)

Number of atoms or
molecules, n

mole (1 mol = 6.022x1023

atoms or molecules)

THE GAS LAW

Physical Characteristics
Boyles Law

Typical Units
P

Charles Law

The Pressure Law

THE GAS LAW

Physical Characteristics
Boyles Law

Typical Units

Charles Law

=
=

The Pressure Law

=
=

=
P1V1 =P2V2
PV

Exercise 1
Determine the solubility and the percentage solubility
of common salt (sodium chloride) if, at a particular
temperature, 180 g dissolves in 500 g of water.
Solution:
The solubility is a measure of the maximum amount of
sodium chloride that can be dissolved in 0.1 kg of
water.

500 g water can dissolve 180 g of salt

1 ,,
100,,

,,
180/500
,,
180/500 x100
=36g
Hence, the solubility of sodium
chloride is 36g in 100g water.
Percentage solubility= 36/100 x
100=36%

Exercise
The solubility of potassium chloride is 34 g in 0.1 kg of
water. The amount of water required to dissolve 510g
of potassium chloride.

DALTONS LAW OF PARTIAL

PRESSURE

Consider a container of fixed volume 25.0L. We inject into that

container 0.78 moles of N2 gas at 298K; from the Ideal Gas Law,
we can easily calculate the measured pressure of the nitrogen
gas to be 0.763 atm. We now take an identical container of fixed
volume 25.0L, and we inject into that container 0.22 moles of O2
gas at 298K; the measured pressure of the oxygen gas is 0.215
atm. As a third measurement, we inject 0.22 moles of O2 gas at
298K into the first container, which already has 0.78 moles of N2
(note that the mixture of gases we have prepared is very similar
to that of air); the measured pressure in this container is now
0.975 atm. The total pressure of the mixture of N2 and O2 in the
container is equal to the sum of the pressures of the N2 and O2
samples taken separately. We now define the partial pressure of
each gas in the mixture to be the pressure of each gas as if it
were the only gas present; our measurements tell us that the
partial pressure of N2, PN2, is 0.763 atm, and the partial
pressure of O2, PO2, is 0.215 atm.

CHARACTERISTIC GAS EQUATION

=k

= mR

= mR

PV=mRT

Exercise
An alloy has a relative density of 14. If the
density of water is 1000kg/m3, determine the
density of an alloy.
relative density =density of the substance
/density of water