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WARMING UP
Do you wear hose?
Have you seen fire fighters laying
pipes and throwing water from it?
Let us learn about hoses.
INTRODUCTION
Fire hose is a vital link between the water
supply and nozzles used to project streams on the
fire to extinguish it.
In areas where water supplies may be in short
supply, hose may be necessary to relay water over
considerable distance and special diameter hose are
designed for this.
It has been used for hundreds of years for the
extinguishment of fires and is one of the basic
elements of the fire fighters stock in trade.
AIM
To know about the hoses used in fire
service.
OBJECTIVE
On completion of the session, participants will be
able to know:
What is hose?
Types of hoses
Characteristics of hoses
Construction of hoses
Causes of deterioration of hoses
Storage and stowage of hoses
Standard tests of hoses
TYPES OF HOSES
Hoses are basically of two types:1.Delivery Hose
2.Suction Hose
DELIVERY HOSE
Delivery hose is a hose in which water
passes at a pressure above that of
atmosphere.
TYPES OF DELIVERY
HOSE
Unlined hose
Non Percolating Hose
Controlled Percolating hose
Hose reel hose
UNLINED HOSE
This hose is used in circumstances where some
degree of percolation is essential to prevent the hose
from being scorched when used over hot surfaces and
also
Where water damage because of percolation is not
of any consequence.
This hose is chiefly made from Flax because of its
strength, durability and absorbent qualities.
To a limited extent, hemp, cotton, ramie and some
other vegetable fibres are also used.
Dia.(mm)
Max
Mass/metre
length(gm)
38
250
50
300
63
400
70
470
Coil diameter (without coupling)- should not be more
than 45 cm
Contd.....
The hose is constructed from a circular woven
jacket having a waterproof rubber lining or
rubberized fabric lining on the inside, facing the
waterway and with or without elastomeric
coating/covering (Type A) and with elastomeric
coating/covering ( Type B ).
The jacket is seamless and compactly woven from
good quality cotton yarn or from yarn made from
suitable synthetic fibre of polyamide or polyester
type of good quality or from their combinations.
Fire hose with outer coating/ covering is
manufactured using synthetic yarn only.
TYPES OF NON
PERCOLATING HOSE
Two types.
Max Mass/metre
CONTROLLED
PERCOLATING HOSE
Controlled percolating hose is usedby
the fire services in circumstances where
some degree of percolation is essential to
prevent the hose from being scorched when
used over hot surfaces and also where water
damage because of percolation is not of any
consequence.
DATAS OF CONTROLLED
PERCOLATING HOSE AS PER IS
8423in three sizes, the
The hose is supplied
nominal internal diameter of which may be 38,
50, 63 and 70 mm.
Length- 30 mtrs (Unless otherwise specified)
Mass per metre length
Nominal
Dia.(mm)
Max
Mass/metre
length(gm)
38
250
50
300
63
350
70
400
Coil diameter (without coupling)- should not be more
than 45 cm
WEAVING OF HOSE
Hose is woven in 02 ways, Plain and Twill.
Plain woven hose- warp threads are
woven under one and over one
throughout the fabric. Normally used for
unlined hoses.
Twill woven hose- warp threads are
woven over two and under one.
Plain weaving
Twill weaving
SUCTION HOSE
This hose is employed on the inlet side of the
Pump of a tender or a portable pump
Water passing through it is either above or
below atmospheric pressure.
Used between the water supply and the pump,
It is larger and more rigid than delivery hose.
It is sufficiently strong to withstand air pressure
when a vacuum is created at the pump and strong
enough to withstand maximum hydrant pressure.
TYPES OF SUCTION
HOSE
1.Partially embedded suction hose
2.Smooth bore or Full embedded
suction hose
SOFT SUCTION
This term is used for delivery hose
employed on the intake side of pump.
It is used with a pressure fed supply
since any reduction of the internal
pressure below that of
atmosphere
would cause the hose to collapse.
Where hydrant pressures and flows are
good, soft suction is generally used
instead of a standard suction hose.
CAUSES OF DECAY TO
HOSE
Abrasion
Mildew
Shock
Acid,oil, grease and petrol etc.
MAKING UP METHODS
FLAKING
FIGURE OF EIGHT
RUBBER ACID
Rubber lined hoses if stored without proper draining
results in pockets of water turning into acids(dilute
sulphuric acid) inside the hose.
The acid is formed by the action of micro organisms
on the sulphur used for vulcanising of rubber.
As the water evaporates thorugh slow drying, the
acid concentration increases.
Hose jackets contaminated by rubber acid may
have yellowing or brownish stains.
PREVENTION :
(i) Draining the last drop of water before drying
(ii) Proper drying of hose.
STORAGE
1) Roofs of the storage room should not be of metal, as it
encourages condensation of Moisture in wet days.
2) Wooden racks are preferable to metal ones. Wooden racks are
to be protected with Anti-rodents paint.
3) Adequate ventilation without direct exposure to sunlight
should be preferred.
4) Ideal temperature for the store room is 15C. But direct
exposure to heat over 33C will damage the fabric and lining.
5) Hose should be stored in Rolls standing on edge.
6) Keep affected lengths (by mildew or rubber acid) well away
from good ones.
7) Adequate space to be left between hoses and ceiling / floor
and form the back wall.
STOWAGE
Hose lockers on appliances should be opened daily
for allowing proper ventilation.
Chaffing of edges of rolls due to movement of
appliance is a common cause of damage. To avoid it
soft material lining may be used to the side walls of
hose lockers and in between hoses or the relative
position of rolls in lockers should be changed
periodically.
Sharp edges of couplings should be filed and
polished with fine emery.
On return from fire, hose lockers must be wiped dry
before stowing fresh hose.
CARE OF HOSES
DELIVERY HOSE
a) New hose when received should be removed from its packing and
the coils loosened.
b) Hose unused for long period, should not be allowed to remain on
the appliance.
c) Rubber lined hose should have water passed through it from time
to time to keep the lining in good condition, after which it should be
thoroughly drained and dried.
d) Rubber deteriorates at high temperatures and so rubber lined
hoses should not be exposed to hot dry air nor stored in the suns
rays.
e) Great care should be taken of rubber lined hose especially when
cooling down after serious fires, as the hose is often stretched over
debris fallen into the building, and as the brick stones etc. retain heat
for a long time the outer covering is liable to searching thereby
weakening it and shortening the life of the hose.
CARE OF HOSES
SUCTION HOSE
a) Hose should be washed after use with clean water.
b) The interior of the hose, the coupling threads and the
joint washed & examined for damage.
c) Coupling nut should be lubricated as required.
d) No dressing should be used which might cause the
rubber to perish.
e) special tunnels should be provided for the storage of
suction hose. When carried externally to be protected
from damage resulting from men stranding on it or
clambering over it.
f) Suction couplings should be treated with care and
distortion may cause air leaks. The couplings should
never be dropped or dragged along the ground and the
correct size of wrench should
always be used for
tightening the joints in case where the universal type of
wrench is not in use.
MARKING OF HOSE:
Marking of hose is done for identification
purposes and is done by giving a number to each hose
which is marked on the hose near the couplings.
Marking should not be done with ordinary paints
as the oil will soak into the fabric, weaken it and
separate lining from jacket.
Water emulsion paints and wool-grease which
are cheap and long lasting should be used for the
purpose.
REPAIRS OF HOSE:
STANDARD TESTS :
Delivery Hose: All delivery hose and hose reel tubing should be
tested to a minimum pressure of 10.5kgf/cm
(a) every twelve
months, (b) after every fire in which it is used. In the case of delivery
hose, 12.5mm nozzle at the branch should be used and in case hose
reel hose, the hose reel nozzle should be used. If a 12.5mm nozzle is
not available, then the smallest suitable nozzle which will allow the
requisite pressure to be obtained should be employed.
The pressure should be built up gradually to allow the hose to
take the strain. Any leaks should be marked with indelible pencil and
the hose should be sent for repair. All couplings should be inspected
and tested marrying with standard coupling. Defective washers should
be replaced and lugs of instantaneous coupling should be lightly
lubricated and adjusted if necessary.
Acceptance Test : During fire fighting internal pressure may be as
high as 10.5kgf/cm, and shock pressure may be even more higher.
Actual length of hose be tested to a pressure of 21kgf/cm.
SUCTION HOSE:
Suction is normally tested quarterly, at the same time as the
quarterly vacuum test of the pump after verifying that air leaks are
present in pump or suction by means of the dry vacuum test, the
leaks are located in the suction hose on the following way :The length of suction hose is connected to a pump and placed
under hydrant pressure, care being taken to shut off the vacuum
gauge. All blank caps are remove from deliveries. One delivery is
opened to allow air to escape. The deliveries are then shut down
gradually and hydrant pressure applied to the suction hose; pressure is
not allowed to exceed 3.5kgf/cm. any leak will be indicated by water
oozing out, and step should be taken to rectify it.
REVISION
Today we have discussed :What is hose?
Types of hoses
Characteristics of hoses
Construction of hoses
Causes of deterioration of hoses
Storage and stowage of hoses
Standard tests of hoses