CATEGORIZA

-Jerome
Bruner
TION

Categorizationis the process in

which ideas and objects are
recognized, differentiated, and
understood.Categorizationimpli
es that objects are grouped into
categories, usually for some
specific purpose. Ideally, a
category illuminates a relationship
between the subjects and objects
of knowledge.

Bruner gave much attention

to categorization of information
in the construction of internal
cognitive maps.
He believed that
perception,
conceptualization,
learning, decision making,
and making inferences all

Categories are "rules" that

specify four thing about
objects.
1. Criterial attributes - required
characteristics for inclusion of an
object in a category.
2. The second rule prescribes
how the criteral attributes are
combined

3. The third rule assignees

weight to various properties.
4. The fourth rule sets
acceptance limits on attributes.
Some attributes can vary
widely, such as color. Others
are fixed.

There a several kinds of categories:

1. Identity categories categories include objects
based on their attributes or
features.

There a several kinds of categories:

2. Equivalent categories (provide rules
for combining categories. Equivalence
can be determined by affective criteria,
which render objects equivalent by
emotional reactions, functional criteria,
based on related functions (for
example, "car", "truck", "van" could all
be combined in an inclusive category
called "motor vehicle"), or by formal
criteria, for example by science, law, or
cultural agreement.

There a several kinds of categories:

3. Coding systems are categories
serve to recognize sensory input.
They are major organizational
variables in higher cognitive
functioning. Going beyond
immediate sensory data involves
making inferences on the basis of
related categories. Related
categories form a "coding system."
These are hierarchical arrangements

Bruner's theories introduced the

idea that people interpret the world
largely in terms of similarities and
differences.This is a significant
contribution to how individuals
construct their unique models of
the world.

The end.
Thank you.