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Conjunction

What is Conjunction?
A conjunction is a joiner, a
word that connects
(conjoins) parts of sentence

Coordinating
Conjunctions
The simple conjunctions are called
coordinating conjunction
There are things to remember when
using coordinating conjunctions
Coordinating conjunctions join
independent clauses. Each clause
must be a complete thought which
could be a sentence on its own
With coordinating conjunctions, put
the conjunction in the middle
Use a comma unless both clauses
are very short

Coordinating
Conjunctions

F
A
N
B
o n o u r e o
r d r t
t
OYS

Function & Example

And
Joins two similar ideas together
He lives in Victoria, and he studies
at University of Victoria

But
Joins two contrasting idea
Time can heal a broken heart, but
it can also break a waiting heart

Function & Example

Or
Joins two alternative ideas
You can study hard for this exam or you
can fail

Yet
Yet is similar in meaning to but
We use yet as the preferred alternative
to but when we want to emphasise that
contrast to achieve a stronger effect
She can play the piano very well, yet
she cant read music at all

Function & Example

For
To introduce the reason for the preceding
clause
Most of visitors were happy just sitting around
in the shade, for it had been a long journey on
the train

So
Shows that the second idea is the result of the
first
She was sick, so she went to the doctor

Nor
Used before the second or last of a set of
negative possibilities, usually after neither
We can neither change nor improve it

Subordinating Conjunctions
A subordinating conjunction is a word
which joins together a dependent clause
and a independent clause
A dependent clause is a clause which
cannot exist on its own. It needs a main
(independent) clause to go with it

Because it was raining, I took my

umbrella
The first clause doesnt mean anything
on its own (dependent clause)

Important
Subordinating
Some ofConjunctions
the most important
subordinating conjunctions fall into
2 groups: contrast and cause &
Conjun
Function
Example
effect
ction
Although
Even
Though
Whereas
While

Express contrast
between ideas

Because
As

Show a
cause/effect
relatinship

Although shes
small, shes very
strong
John is short,
whereas Mary is
tall
I lost my job
because I was
often late
Since I have no

Correlative
Conjunctions
Correlative conjuntions are used in pairs
to link equivalent elements in a sentence
The most common ones are:
o
o
o
o
o

Both And
Not only But also
Either Or
Neither Nor
So As

Either go home or shut up (They are both

adjective)

Correlative
Conjunctions
When you use coreelative conjunctions,
Be careful about verb agreement
If you connect two subjects with a correlative
conjunction, the second one ust agree with the verb
that follows
Every single evening either the horned owl or the
squabbling cats wake Samantha with their racket

Be careful about pronoun agreement

If you connect two antecedents with a correlative
conjunction, the second one ust agree with the
pronoun that follows
Neither Amanda nor the cousins expressed their
disappointment when Aunt Shophie set down the
plate of burnt hamburgers

Correlative
Conjunctions

Neither Nor plays negative role

I couldnt use neither the lorry nor the van
I could use neither the lorry nor the van
I couldnt use either the lorry or the van