Population
Defination:
The term population refers to a group of
individuals of a species occupying a definite
geographical area at a given time
Human species:
Homosapiens
World Population
1AD -200m
1200AD -0.6b
1850 1b
1930 2b
2000 6.1b
Rapid growth
Due to spread of
health care programs
rise in food production after
world war II i.e. green revolution
hygiene and sanitation
Human Population Density
Indian scenario
As per the provisional population totals of Census 2011, the
population density of India has gone up to 382 persons per
square kilometer from 325 persons per square kilometer in
2000.
On an average, 57 more people inhabit every square
kilometer in the country as compared to a decade ago.
The world's population is around
7,000,000,000 and Earth's total area (including
land and water) is 510,000,000 square
kilometers (197,000,000 sq. mi.).
Therefore, the worldwide human population
density is around 7,000,000,000 510,000,000
= 13.7 per km2(35 per sq. mi).
Population clock
Every second on an average 4.5 children are
born & 2 people die
Thus we are growing at a rate of nearly 2,5
persons every second
Population growing by about 9000 people per
hour and about 214000 people per day
Demography
Study of
population
Demography
the study of statistics such as births, deaths,
income, or the incidence of disease, which
illustrate the changing structure of human
populations.
the composition of a particular human
population.
World Population Projection
Estimated to peak at 11 billion in 2200
World Population Growth
Progressivist View
Things are good and getting
better:
Worldwide standard of living
Education
Health
Trade
People are an asset.
Population causes shortages
which raise prices,
stimulating entrepreneurs to
satisfy the shortages.
Julian Simon
We end up better off as a
result.
Progressivist View
Two important indicators
of progress and
improvement in life are
Decreased Infant Mortality
Increased Life Expectancy
Medical ,sanitation &
food.
Life Expectancy
http://www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/images/final-images/life-expectancy-map.gif
Revisionist View
Adoption and spread of agriculture
have trapped humanity in a spiral of
Population growth
Ecological destruction
Social tyranny.
The problem stems from the
anti-ecological culture (religion)
of agricultural societies
humans are above and not part of
nature (global ecosystem)
and therefore can destroy it at will.
Civilization is based on
Agriculture
Social Equity View
Problems of
poverty
overpopulation
ecological destruction
Are due to
inequity of wealth
unfairness of economic
and social systems
http://www.mediathatmattersfest.org/mtm05/img/frances_moore_lappe.jpg
If the world were 100 people
(2005)
7 have access to the internet
1 has a college education
1 has HIV
2 near birth
1 near death
5 control 32% of the entire
worlds wealth
All 5 U.S. citizens
33 attempt to live on 3% of
global income
(Source: Family Care Foundation)
Population pyramids
Graphical illustration that shows the
distribution of various age groups in a
population which forms the shape of a pyramid.
Expanding pyramid shape ie triangle
Stationary Urn shaped
Contracting bell shaped
urbanization
While urbanization has been a mechanism of
economic, social and political progress, it can
pose serious socio-economic problems. The
absolute magnitude of the urban population,
random and unplanned growth of urban areas,
and lack of infrastructure are major issues in
India due to urbanization.
Urbanization refers to the increasing number of people that live
in urban areas.
It predominantly results in the physical growth of urban areas,
be it horizontal or vertical.
The United Nations projected that half of the world's population
would live in urban areas at the end of 2008.
By 2050 it is predicted that 64.1% and 85.9% of the developing
and developed world respectively will be urbanized.
Urbanization is closely linked to modernization,
industrialization, and the sociological process of rationalization.
Urbanization can describe a specific condition at a set time, i.e.
the proportion of total population or area in cities or towns, or
the term can describe the increase of this proportion over time.
As more and more people leave villages &
farms to live in cities urban growth results
& cities develop
Chicago 19th century
Tokyo 20th
Mumbai 21th
WHY?
Improved job opportunities
Education, housing, business, transportation
Effects
Urban heat islands
Suns energy absorbed buy urban structures
absence of soil & vegetation for evaporation.
Less infiltration
Land management
Land management is the process
of managing the use and development (in
both urban and rural settings) of land resources.
Land resources are used for a variety of purposes
which may include organic
agriculture, reforestation, water resource
management and eco-tourism projects
