6.

( )

24
1%
, 0,5% ,
3%

,
9%

(.
)

..




(neocortex hippocampus)
(, , )

()

()
( ,
)

, ,
,

 -
()
( )

,

( )


()







5%

GABA-A, GABA-B,
GABA

GABA

(IPSPs)

- excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs)

: NMDA,
AMPA/kainate
,

AMPA/kainate-
, NMDA
,

NMDA

(
)
/

()


Na+ Ca2+

K+ Cl

,
,


paroxysmal depolarization shift (PDS)
-

(
; ictus )
( )

-

( )
,


-


( )
, ,

 - International League
Against Epilepsy (ILAE) (1981)

: EEG-
: EEG
- ( - grand mal):
EEG- 10Hz

: EEG - -

(petit pal)

: , , -
3-Hz EEG-
: -
EEG-

:
- EEG-

 - International League
Against Epilepsy (ILAE) (1981)

(, )
( ):

( )
( , ,
, , , ,
, , , ,
,
,

)
(
)

- ( )

( grand mal)





()

,

- ( )

30

(40-50 )



,
, ,

( ) -

- ,

(2 . ) -
(. petit mal)
,



,

, .

3

,

- , ,
,

30


.
(
)

:
,

-

 ()

( : )

,
,
(, ,
, )
,
, ,
- ,
(, )

 ()

()

Figure 1. Coronal sections of T1-weighted MRI at onset of

(left) and 6 weeks after (middle) a prolonged episode of
status epilepticus in a 19-year-old man.
Note overall brain and hippocampal atrophy (arrows,
middle).
FLAIR imaging 6 weeks after a prolonged episode of
status epilepticus reveals evidence of the development of
mesial temporal sclerosis (arrow, right). Images are not
concordant because they were obtained at different

, ,
,

.
,
,

.

.

()

()

/
- (Lennox-Gastaut)

Status epilepticus

,
30




status
epilepticus
2,5-38%
status epilepticus
status epilepticus

(West- )
(Lennox-Gastaut)



Landau-Kleffner-

(
)

(,
, )

,
,
de novo






-
( ),

(),
,
( , , )

( )

( , ,
)


,

,




(, , .)
,

- ()

,
,

 (West)

-
(
)

, ,

,


50

EEG developed
by German
psychiatrist
Hans Berger
(1873-1941)

1929
.

 G 11Hz

DELTA

3 Hz

THETA

3.5 - 7.5
Hz

ALPHA

8 - 13 Hz

BETA

14 Hz

Generalised epilepsy - "Petit Mal" (absence seizures)

EEG shows 'spike and wave' activity occurring at 3Hz

Fast recruitment rhythms associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

Slow spike-wave associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

(. ,
)
(

,
)

,
,

,


(

)
(,
, )
(
,
, ,
, )

Menire-

,


(,
, )

10% EE

, ,

(,
, ,
, )


()
(
.
5

)

(,






(
, ).


,


, ,






( )
( )

:
()
,

, , ,
, ,

,
,


,








,

,

,

: ,
,



( )

30%

( 5
),
,

( )
-
,

SUDEP

,


(sudden unexpected death in epilepsy SUDEP)
, ,
/

,





,


,