Bacterial

Metabolism
Dra. Sitti Zuleiha
Department of
Microbiology

Bacterial Metabolism
Metabolism Whole process to cultivate
food and nutrition within the cell
Main function of metabolism :
1. To produce some units of metabolism
result
2. To produce ATP (Adenosine Tri
Phosphate) from ADP (Adenosine Di
phosphate) and inorganic phosphate
3. To produce reduction energy (in
condition that substrates have more
oxidation than all of biosynthetic result)

ATP formation by un-photosynthetic organism :

- Substrate phosphorilation
- Oxidative phosphorilation
Bacterial metabolism divided into 4 categories :
1. Inter conversions local metabolites-pathways
2. Assimilation forming local metabolitepathways
3. Biosynthesis to change local metabolite into
active product
4. The line to produce metabolism energy and
maintenance

Bacterial activity in the

cell
:
Growth
Cell division
Renew cell component

Metabolism divided into :

Anabolism / assimilation :
synthetic process (developing)
Catabolism / dissimilation :
degradation process (destruction)

Sources of metabolism energy :

fermentation process
Respiration
Photosynthesis
At fermentation and respiration
process, bacteria takes energy
from sugar catabolism

Heterotrophy germs :
pathogenic
use inorganic substrates as C source to
have energy
Autotrophy germs :
need inorganic Carbon
Get energy by oxidize organic
materials, such as F2 and NH3
Photosynthetic autotrophy germ gets
energy for synthesize light into
chemical energy

Important Enzymes in metabolism :

- Dehydrogenate (reduction and
oxidation reaction for metabolites)
- Flavoprotein (hydrogen
transportation at respiration process)
- Cytocrome (in respiration process
that specific for aerobic germ)
Important enzyme at Carbohydrate
metabolism are glycosidase and
phosphorylase

Metabolism of glucose changes into

pyruvate (according to EMBDENMEYERHOF-EMP) :
Glucose-glucose 6 Phosphatephosphoglyceraldehyde
Phosphoglyceralphosphoenolpyruvate-pyruvate

Different ways of bacterial metabolism :

1.Pentose Phosphate pathway : glucoseglucose 6 Phosphate-6 phosphogluconatepentose phosphate
Used by germs with no enzyme aldolose and
triosa PO4 isomerase that needed in EMP
2.ENTNER-DOUDROFF PATHWAY, trough
forming deoxygluconate
Glucose-6 phosphogluconateketodeoxygluconate-pyruvate +
glyceraldehyde
Used by PSEUDOMONAS AND E. COLI

By fermentation process, piruvat

destructed into :
Alcohol
Lactate acid
Butyric acid
Propionate acid
Acetate acid

Fermentation by forming mixed acid is

specific in Fam.
ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
At pH 6, hydrogenalise enzyme breaks
format acid into CO2 and H2.
Fermentation with butyric acid forming
done by most of CLOSTRIDIUM.
Trough aerobic respiration process,
inorganic substrate that un needed
are nitrate or sulphate (not O2)

Lipid metabolism :
First reaction : by activating fatty
acid with CoA and the results are
glycerol and acetyl CoA
Protein metabolism :
Protein synthesis needs Nitrous from
NH3 (NO3). Protein synthesis
follows DNA patterns.
Gene gives patterns to synthesis DNA
itself or RNA. RNA as messenger
from DNA for synthesizing protein.

In DNA, there are all information needed

to arrange DNA, RNA, and protein.
Amino acid fermentation occurred in
some CLOSTRIDIUM, such as :
Alanine + 2 Glysine + 2 H2O 3 acetic
acid +3NH3 + CO2.
The ability of the bacteria to crash
chemical substrates and metabolism
result in form CO2 gases, H2S gases, or
acid that can change pH are different. All
of these can be used to help bacteria
determination.