(Object)

Vernier Caliper

0.05

cd ef
e


(n-1) n /2
K P

nP 2(n 1) K
D

1
2K
D 2 K P 2 K 2(1 ) K
n
n
X M,M X 2 K
20 39 mm

2 0.05 mm
0.05mm)
0.05mm

 Vernier Caliper

(1) 0

(2) 0
( ) 4-5mm 17
( 8.5x0.1=17x0.05)
(3) 4(mm)+0.1*8.5(mm)=4.85(mm)
(4) 1. 0.05mm( ) 2.
3.

 Micrometer Caliper

50 ( )
( )0.5
0.5 50 0.01 0.01

( )

S
L

( )( )

 Micrometer
Caliper

(1) ( )
1

(2) ( )
0.5-1mm 49.5
(3) 0.5(mm)+0.01*(49.5-1)(mm)=0.985(mm)
(4) 1. 0.01mm 2.
3.

2
S
a
R

6
a
2

Spherometer
def
d e f
( r S)
C R
.(2)

 Spherometer
( )
(1)

( )
( )
12mm+
0.01*4mm=12.040mm

(2)

( )
( )
16mm+ 0.01*23.7mm=16.237mm
(3) a ( ) 16.237(mm)-12.040(mm)=4.197(mm)
(4) 1. 0.01mm 2.

(a.d.)

a.d.

a.d/n

(1) a.d.

a.d.
a.d.

(2) n (
a.d. ) n

(A.D.)

N
1
xa.dA

i
N
i

1
N
x

i
i

1
D

x
N
.D
a.d/N

(average deviation)

(average deviation of mean)

1. 2 :kai
N
N
2
2
yn yn Yn 2 1 , y : , Y :
n 1

n 1


nnN11ynanN1
nx1bnN1

a
x

n1107
N
2
2Nn
n
n
1
N
N
ynx
2
axn
bxn
06

2. 2

step1 Y=ax+b (1)

step2 a b 2 2
a b

N
N
N
Sx
2

y
x

a
x

b
x

n
n
n
n

1
n

1
n

1
N
N
N

1
7
n
n

1
n

1
n

1
N
N
N
N
N
2
nx1bSxn1Sxyn11N,Sxn1xn,Sxyn1xny8
x a

,S
S

y
,
S

n
y
n

Step3 (6) (7)

xy

S Sx S y

b S xx S y S xy S x

, SS xx S x2 9