Production

Techniques-II
ME F313

Kinematics of shaping operation

In shaping operation, primary motion (cutting motion) is

provided to the tool.

Secondary or feed motion is given to the workpiece.
Cutting motion is intermittent and it takes place during
forward stroke.
Feed motion is provided when there is no cutting action.
Major parameters:
Strokes per unit time (N).
Stroke length (S)
Quick return ratio (R)
Depth of cut
Tool angles

Shaping

Forces in shaping operation

Mechanics of Milling
Types of Milling Processes
Peripheral Milling
Face Milling
In periphery milling, cutting action takes place in

the periphery of the cutter.

In face milling, cutting action takes place in the
bottom face of the cutter.

Slab Milling

Slab Milling Cutter

Face Milling

Face Milling

End Milling

Up and Down Milling

Up Milling / Conventional Milling:
If the direction of cutter rotation is in the opposite sense

of feed direction, the process is known as up milling.

In case of up milling, undeformed chip thickness is zero
at the entry of flute and maximum at the exit of flute.

Down Milling / Climb Milling:

If the direction of cutter rotation is in the same sense as
that of workpiece feed direction, the process is called
down milling.
In down milling, undeformed chip thickness decreases
from maximum at the entry of flute to zero value at the
exit of flute.

Up Milling

Down Milling

Chip thickness in milling

Chip thickness in milling

Face Milling

Drilling

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