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HORIZONTAL JAW RELATION

Once

the

correct

vertical

dimension

is

determined and allowance for the necessary

interocclusal distance or freeway space has
been made, the jaw relation in the horizontal
plane must be established.

HORIZONTAL JAW RELATION

CENTRIC RELATION
Definition: CENTRIC RELATION:
The most retruded position of the mandible to
the maxilla when the condyles are in the most
posterior, unstrained position in the glenoid fossae
at an established vertical dimension.
GPT

FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE

It is ideal arch to arch relationship and hence

optimum position of jaws for the health, comfort
and function of the TMJ.
It is a mandibular position where the condyle
disc assembly is seated braced in anteriorsuperior position against the posterior slope of
the articulator
eminence. Although it was
believed to be the rearmost uppermost and
midmost in the glenoid fossa. (RUM POSITION)
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 Centric relation is related to terminal hinge axis.

In centric relation condyles exhibit pure rotation
without any translation.
It is a reproducible position which can repeatedly
arrived at and thus serves as a reliable guide to
develop centric occlusion in artificial dentures.
It is a starting point for the arrangement of
artificial
teeth
to
develop
maximum
intercupsation in complete denture.
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 It is also serves as a reference position for

the institution of occlusal rehabilitation in
dentulous conditions.
The terminal act of masticatory
stroke
terminates in centric relation. It is also a
position where upper and lower teeth are
traced against each other during deglutition.
Centric relation is a reproducible and stable
position. Therefore it is used as a reference
when mounting dentulous and edentulous
casts onto articulator.
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Recordable

5R

Reproducible
Retruded
Reference
Relation
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METHODS OF RECORDING CENTRIC

RELATION
I.

FUNCTIONAL CHEW IN METHODS

I.

Needle house technique

II. Patterson's method

II.

GRAPHIC METHODS

I.

INTEROCCLUSAL CHECK RECORD METHOD

FUNCTIONAL CHEW-IN METHODS

In tooth, the methods patient produces
a pattern of mandibular movements by
moving the mandible to protrusion,
retrusion and right and get lateral.

NEEDLE HOUSE METHOD

They used compound occlusion rims with four
metal styli placed in the maxillary rim.
When the mandible moves with the styli
contacting the mandibular rim, the styli cut
four diamond shaped tracings.
The tracings incorporate the movements n
three planes and the records are placed on a
suitable articulator to receive and duplicate
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the record.

PATTERNSONS METHOD

The Patterson method uses wax occlusion rims.

A trench is made in the mandibular rim and a mixture
of half plaster and half carborundum paste is placed
in the trench.
Mandibular
movements
generate
compensating
curves in the plaster and carborundum.
When the plaster and carborundum are reduced to the
predetermined vertical dimension of occlusion,
patient s instructed to retrude the mandible and the
occlusion rims are joined together with metal staples.
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GRAPHIC METHOD
The most common form of exclusive recording
is the Gothic arch tracing.
It indicated the horizontal
mandible to the maxillae.

relation

of

the

Extraoral
Gothic arch tracing
Intraoral
Basic purpose of training is to record the
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protrusive and lateral records.

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EXTRA ORAL TRACING

The extra oral tracer consist of an

equalization of pressure on the bases.

intraoral

A needle like point called as styli makes the tracing

on the tracing table coated with cartoon suit or wax.
These tracing are shaped like gothic arch, so they
are referred to as gothic arch tracings.
They are also known as arrow print tracing.
The tracing is not acceptable unless a printed apex
is develop.
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 A blunted apex usually indicates an acquired

functional relationship.
Sharp apex
relation.

indicates

position

of

centric

Double tracings indicate lack of co-ordinated

movements at a different vertical dimension.

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INTRA ORAL TRACING

The central bearing plate and point is
connected to the proper vertical relation and
when the rims are in place.
The patient is instructed to perform lateral
and protrusive movements.
Gothic arch is traced on the plate.

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INTEROCCLUSAL CHECK RECORD

METHOD
Advocated by Trapazqo and Hickey
The
normal
functioning
of
the
patients
proprioception and visual acuity and some touch
of dentist, useful in obtaining accurate record.
The record is made by making a nick and notch on
the maxillary occlusal rim.
Trough on the mandibular occlusal rim in the
region of 2nd premolar and 1st molar area.
Nick should be placed in the second premolar are
and notch on the 1st maxillary molar area.
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Extra amount of wax is softened and

placed in the trough of lower rim.

Place the rims in the patients mouth.

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 Patient is made to retrude the mandible by

applying any one of the methods
a) Instruct the patient to protrude and retrude
the mandible repeatedly while the patient olds
the finger lightly against the chin.
b) Ask the patient to take the tongue backward
to touch the posterior vibrating line and
swallow and occlude.

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c.) Ask the patient to swallow repeatedly.

d.) Guide the mandible to centric by holding
with the index, middle finger and thumb
on the chin.

Once the wax gets hardened remove the

occlusal rim out.

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