IP Addressing/Subnetting

Simplified
Brian Sterck
May 6, 2005

Class A
Subnetting
Options

Class B
Subnetting
Options

Class C
Subnetting
Options

Brain Benders

More Tools

Practical Example

Do we have enough addresses?

How many addresses have been
allocated?
How many are needed?

Address Allocation
Total Address Needed:
LANs = 14+10+19+23+6+17+14 = 103
WANs = 4+4+4+4+4+4 = 24
Total = 103 + 24 = 127

Understanding IP Requirements
Subnetworks on the LAN/WAN need to be
issued using perfect powers of 2
22 = 4
23 = 8
24 = 16
25 = 32
26 = 64
27 = 128

Scaling Subnets
With a requirement of 23 nodes
The next perfect power of 2 that meets
this need = 32
25 = 32 5 host bits needed
Last Octet is then represented as:
A.B.C.NNNHHHHH N=Network H=Host
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

Subnetting Examples
SubnetMask SubnetMask
255.255.255.0
255.255.255.128
255.255.255.192
255.255.255.224
255.255.255.240
255.255.255.248
255.255.255.252

/24
/25
/26
/27
/28
/29
/30

# Hosts
256 (254)
128 (126)
64 (62)
32 (30)
16 (14)
8 (6)
4 (2)

Practical Example

Address Allocation
Total Addresses Needed:
LANs = 16+16+32+32+8+32+16 = 152
= /28 + /28 + /27 + /27 + /29 + /27 + /28 = 152

WANs = 4+4+4+4+4+4 = 24
= /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 + /30 = 24

Total = 103 + 52 = 157

Reference Points
Use numbers, symbols, letters to represent
each LAN / WAN link
Use some consistent method for assignment
Size of Subnetwork
Location
Zone or Distribution Point

Assign Reference Points

Subnetting Options

Subnetting Options (cont.)

VLSM and Routing Protocols

Does your routing protocol support varying
the length of the subnet mask from one
interface to another?
Can you re-subnet a subnet differently
from one interface to another and still
advertise that subnetwork via RIPv1,
RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP, ISIS, BGP?

Routing Protocols
Supporting VLSM
RIP version 2
EIGRP
OSPF
ISIS

Not Supporting VLSM

IGRP
RIP version 1

Which Routing Protocols will

advertise all Networks correctly?

Non-VLSM capable Routing

Protocols will work just fine!

Problem!
The 192.168.20.0 /24 network gives us:
1 Network
254 Nodes Available for Assignment

13 Subnetworks Required
Network Demands range from 4 32
nodes per LAN / WAN segment

Start Subnetting

Subnetting

Subnetting

Box Diagram Alternate

Address Range

Future Expansion Danger

Note the three locations with the

and

If we need to add a network printer or visitor

with laptop, the IP addressing scheme will have
to be modified.
This results in downtime and careful migration
planning
There must be a better way!