BASIC SOCIAL

INSTITUTION
GROUP 1

SOCIAL
A social institution is a complex, integrated set of
INSTITUTION
social norms organized around the preservation of a
basic societal value

A social institution is an established and organized

system of social behavior with a recognized purpose.
The term refers to the broad systems that organize
specific functions in society. Unlike individual
behavior, social institutions cannot be directly
observed, but their impact and structure can still be
seen.

Characteristics of Social
Institutions
(1) Satisfaction of specific needs
(2) Prescription of rules
(3) Abstractness
(4) Cultural symbols
(5) Universality
(6) Social in nature
(7) Institutions are the controlling mechanisms
(8) Relatively permanent
(9) Oral and written
(10) Institutions are interrelated

General Functions of
Social Institutions
1. Institution satisfy the basic needs of
society.
2. Institution define dominant social
values.
3. Socialization
4. Institutions establish permanent
patterns of
social behavior.
5. Preservation of social order.
6. Institutions support other institutions.
7. Institutions provide roles for individuals

Basic Social Institutions

RELIGION AND
SOCIETY

GOVERNMENT
AND LAW
ECONOMY

EDUCATION

FAMILY

RELIGION
Is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves
to bind people together through shared
worship, thereby creating a social group.
Set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a
sacred or supernatural realm that guides
human behavior and gives meaning to life
among a community of believers.

Functions of Religion
a. Provides mental peace.
b. Explains individual suffering.
c. It inculcates social values.
d. Promotes social solidarity.
e. Convert the animal qualities to
human qualities.
f. An agent of socialization and social
control.
g. Promotes welfare.
h. Gives recreation.
i. Comes as a source of social
cohesion.
j. Influences economy and political
system.

Types of Belief System

ANIMISM
Belief that spirits actively
influence human life;
spirits are contained
throughout mother nature;
rituals such as feasting,
dancing, fasting, and
cleansing are often
performed to appease the
spirits, so that crops can
be harvested, fish caught,
illness cured, or danger

The term theism, first introduced by

Ralph Cudworth (1617-1688), derives
from the Greek wordtheosmeaning
"god". It refers to anybelief systemthat
incorporates the existence of a deity. A
deity is asupernaturalbeing thought of
as holy,divineorsacred. Though they
take a variety of forms, deities are often
expressed as taking human form. They
are usually immortal, and are commonly
assumed to have personalities,
consciousness and intellects comparable
(albeit superior) to those of humans.
Typically, deities do not reveal
themselves directly to humans, but make
themselves known through their effects
in the world. They are thought to dwell
mainly in otherworldly or holy places like

ETHICALISM
Based on the idea that
moral principles have
a sacred quality.
Based on truth, honor,
and tolerance that
serve as a guide to a
righteous life.
Mostly in Asia
Confucianism,
Buddhism, Shintoism

Roman Catholic
80.9%, Muslim 5%,
Evangelical 2.8%,
Iglesia ni Kristo
2.3%, Aglipayan 2%,
other Christian
4.5%, other 1.8%,
unspecified 0.6%,
none 0.1% (2000
census)

Religion
in
the
The Philippines is a secular
nation with a constitutional
Philippines

separation of church and state.

As a result of Spanish cultural
influence, religion in the
Philippines is marked by a
majority of people being of the
Christian faith. The Philippines is
one of two predominantly
Roman Catholic countries in
Asia, the other being East Timor,

Philippines' Religious Sectors

Catholic
biggest influence of the
Spanish; practice of going
to church every Sunday to
hear mass and some who
are praying for something
do novena

Islam
follow the teachings and
practices of Muhammad;
a monotheistic,
Abrahamic religion
articulated by the Qur'an

Iglesia ni Cristo
founded by a man named
Felix Manalo in April 12,
1963; considered as the
most influential

Philippines' Religious Sectors

Aglipayan

Protestant

started in 1902 when

some members of the
Catholic Church separated
themselves from the
Church because of
mistreatment of the
Spanish priest to the
Filipinos

came when the Americans

stayed in the Philippines

Hinduism and
Buddhism
influenced by other Asian
countries who visited the
Philippines

Seventh Day
Adventist
being lead by a pastor;
pay respect to God every
Saturday because they
considered Saturay as the
7th day of creation

GOVERNMENT
AND LAW
Government: the group of people who
officially control a country; the system used
for controlling a country, city, or group of
people; the activities involved in controlling
a country, city, group of people
Law:the principles and regulations
established in a community by some
authority and applicable to its people,
whether in the form of legislation or of

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
2. As to extent of powers

1. As to the number of
persons exercising
sovereign powers:

Monarchy - the supreme

authority is in the hands
of a one person only
Aristocracy - the ruling
power is in the hands of a
few privileged class
Democracy - the power is
in the hands of the people

exercised by the central or

national government:
Unitary government - the
control of national and local
affairs is under the central or
national government
Federal government - the
powers of the government are
divided between two sets of
organs, one for national and
the other for local affairs,
each organ being supreme

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
3. As to relationship between the
executive and the legislative
branches of the government:
Parliamentary government - the
executive is dependent on the legislative
Presidential government - the
executive is constitutionally vested with
powers making it independent from
legislative department

TYPES
OF
GOVERNMENT
4. Other Forms
Civil government - the affairs of the state are
administered and directed by the citizens or their
representatives
Military government - established and
administered by a belligerent in the territory of
an enemy occupied by him
Constitutional government - the powers of
those who rule are defined and limited by the
constitution
Despotic government - the powers of those
who rule are vague and may seem limitless
because it is not defined nor limited by the

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
Elective government - the state confers
powers upon a person or organization chosen by
qualified voters and the holding of powers is for
a limited term and under certain conditions
Hereditary government - the state confers
the powers of government upon a person or
organization standing in a certain family
relations to his or their immediate predecessors
Coordinate government - the powers of the
government is distributed among separate
departments equally independent of but
coordinate with each other

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
De jure government - established according
to the constitution of the state and has the
general support of the people
De facto government - established against
existing constitution of the state and is
maintained against the rightful and lawful
government
Revolutionary government - installed,
whether by force or otherwise, not in
accordance with the procedure prescribed in an
existing constitution

Functions of
Government

Philippine Government System

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of
government wherein power is equally divided among its three
branches: executive, legislative, and judicial.
The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and
repeal them through the power vested in the Philippine
Congress. This institution is divided into the Senate and the
House of Representatives.
The Executive branch is composed of the President and the
Vice President who are elected by direct popular vote and
serve a term of six years. The Constitution grants the
President authority to appoint his Cabinet. These departments
form a large portion of the countrys bureaucracy.

Philippine Government System

The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies
involving rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.
This branch determines whether or not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction
on the part and instrumentality of the government. It is made
up of a Supreme Court and lower courts.
The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power
of Judicial Review as the power to declare a treaty, international
or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation,
order, instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.

ECONOMY

Economy refers to the social institution

through which a societys resources (goods
and services) are managed. Goods, or
commodities, are the physical objects we
find, grow, or make in order to meet our
needs and the needs of others.

s:
concerned with the
specific economic units
of parts that makes an
economic system and
the relationship
between those parts.
Emphasis is placed on
understanding the
behavior of individual
firms, industries,
households, and ways
in which such entities
interact.

Macroeconomi
cs:
concerned with the
economy as a whole,
or large segments of
it. It focuses on
such problems as the
role of unemployment,
the changing level of
prices, the nations
total output of goods
and services, and the
ways in which
government raises

THREE BASIC REVOLUTIONS

THREE BASIC REVOLUTIONS

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
CAPITALISM:
1. Private ownership of property.
Supports the right of individual to own
anything.
2. Pursuit of personal profit.
Encourages people to acquire the
greatest amount of private property
even at the expense of others.
3. Free competition and consumers
sovereignty.
Economy should operate without
interference from the government.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
SOCIALISM:
1. Collective ownership of property
Utilize productive property for the whole
economy.
2. Pursuit of collective goals.
Cultural values and norms in the socialist
societies define such self-serving
behavior as immoral and often illegal.
3. Government control economy.
Centrally controlled economy

SECTOR
S
OF THE
ECONOM
Y

draws raw materials

from
the natural
environment
it is of greatest
importance
(26% of the
economy) in
low-income nations
10 percent of
economic
activity in middleincome
nations
just 2 percent in
highincome countries
such as
the United States

Transforms raw
materials into
manufactured goods
Grow quickly as
societies
industrialized
It includes operations
such as
refining petroleum into
gasoline and turning
metals
into tools and
automobiles.
Is a significant share
(25%
35%) of the economy in
low-,
middle-, and highincome

SECTOR
S
OF THE
ECONOM
Y

economy
that involves services
rather
than goods
Is the largest sector
(49%
73%) in low-, middle-,
and
high-income countries
About 85 percent of
the
U.S. labor force is in
service
work
Include secretarial
and
clerical work,
positions in
food service , sales,

EDUCATION

Is the preparation for effective participation

in social relations.
It is the consciously controlled process
whereby changes in behavior are produced
in the person and through the person in the
group.
As a social institution includes not only the
effects of schooling but also the more
pervasive effects of child-rearing practice.
It includes all experiences from which one
learns and which bring about changes in
him/her.

STRUCTURES OF
EDUCATION
Formal Education
It sets definite objectives and goals
reached through systematized, formal
institutions and methods.

Non-formal Education
Consists of sets of definite learning goals
and objectives, generally making use of a
more flexible curriculum, less rigid
admission procedures and more

FUNCTIONS OF
EDUCATION
1. To transmit the cultural heritage.
2. To help individual select social
roles and train them for the roles
they have chosen.
3. To integrate into the cultural
mainstream the various subcultures
and identities.
4. To serve as a source of a social

Development of
Philippine
Education

Education From
Ancient Early
Filipinos
- Children were
provided more
vocational training but
less academics in their
houses by their
parents and in the
houses of their tribal
tutors. They were using
a unique system of
writing known as

Spanish Period
- During the early
Spanish period most
education was carried out
by the religious orders.
The schools focused on
the Christian Doctrines.

First Republic
-The schools maintained by
Spain for more than three
centuries were closed for a short
period but were reopened on
August 29, 1898 by the
Secretary of Interior. Article
23of the Malolos
Constitutionmandated that
public education would be free
and obligatory in all schools of
the nation under theFirst
Philippine Republic.