BASIC SOCIAL

INSTITUTION
GROUP 1

SOCIAL INSTITUTION

A social institution is a complex, integrated set of social norms

organized around the preservation of a basic societal value

A social institution is an established and organized system of

social behavior with a recognized purpose. The term refers to the
broad systems that organize specific functions in society. Unlike
individual behavior, social institutions cannot be directly
observed, but their impact and structure can still be seen.

Characteristics of Social Institutions

(1) Satisfaction of specific needs
(2) Prescription of rules
(3) Abstractness
(4) Cultural symbols
(5) Universality
(6) Social in nature
(7) Institutions are the controlling mechanisms
(8) Relatively permanent
(9) Oral and written
(10) Institutions are interrelated

General Functions of Social

Institutions
1. Institution satisfy the basic needs of society.
2. Institution define dominant social values.
3. Socialization
4. Institutions establish permanent patterns of
social behavior.
5. Preservation of social order.
6. Institutions support other institutions.
7. Institutions provide roles for individuals .

Basic Social Institutions

RELIGION AND SOCIETY

GOVERNMENT AND
LAW

ECONOMY

EDUCATION

FAMILY

RELIGION
Is a system of beliefs and rituals that serves to bind
people together through shared worship, thereby
creating a social group.
Set of beliefs and practices that pertain to a sacred or
supernatural realm that guides human behavior and
gives meaning to life among a community of believers.

Functions of Religion
a. Provides mental peace.
b. Explains individual suffering.
c. It inculcates social values.
d. Promotes social solidarity.
e. Convert the animal qualities to human
qualities.
f. An agent of socialization and social control.
g. Promotes welfare.
h. Gives recreation.
i. Comes as a source of social cohesion.
j. Influences economy and political system.
k. Strengthens self confidence.

Types of Belief System

ANIMISM
Belief that spirits actively
influence human life; spirits are
contained throughout mother
nature; rituals such as feasting,
dancing, fasting, and cleansing
are often performed to appease
the spirits, so that crops can be
harvested, fish caught, illness
cured, or danger averted

THEISM
The term theism, first introduced by Ralph
Cudworth (1617-1688), derives from the Greek
word theos meaning "god". It refers to any belief
system that incorporates the existence of a deity. A
deity is a supernatural being thought of as
holy, divine or sacred. Though they take a variety of
forms, deities are often expressed as taking human
form. They are usually immortal, and are commonly
assumed to have personalities, consciousness and
intellects comparable (albeit superior) to those of
humans. Typically, deities do not reveal themselves
directly to humans, but make themselves known
through their effects in the world. They are thought
to dwell mainly in otherworldly or holy places like
Heaven, Hell, the sky, the under-world, or in a
supernatural plane or celestial sphere.

ETHICALISM
Based on the idea that
moral principles have a
sacred quality.
Based on truth, honor, and
tolerance that serve as a
guide to a righteous life.
Mostly in
AsiaConfucianism,
Buddhism, Shintoism

Religion in the Philippines

The Philippines is a secular nation with a
constitutional separation of church and
state. As a result of Spanish cultural
influence, religion in the Philippines is
marked by a majority of people being of
the Christian faith. The Philippines is
one of two predominantly Roman
Catholic countries in Asia, the other
being East Timor, a former Portuguese
colony.

Roman Catholic 80.9%,

Muslim 5%, Evangelical
2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo
2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other
Christian 4.5%, other
1.8%, unspecified 0.6%,
none 0.1% (2000 census)

Philippines' Religious Sectors

Catholic

Islam

biggest influence of the Spanish;

practice of going to church every
Sunday to hear mass and some
who are praying for something
do novena

follow the teachings and

practices of Muhammad; a
monotheistic, Abrahamic
religion articulated by the
Qur'an

Iglesia ni Cristo
founded by a man named Felix
Manalo in April 12, 1963;
considered as the most
influential

Philippines' Religious Sectors

Aglipayan
started in 1902 when some
members of the Catholic Church
separated themselves from the
Church because of mistreatment
of the Spanish priest to the
Filipinos

Protestant
came when the Americans
stayed in the Philippines

Hinduism and Buddhism

influenced by other Asian
countries who visited the
Philippines

Seventh Day Adventist

being lead by a pastor; pay
respect to God every Saturday
because they considered
Saturay as the 7th day of
creation

GOVERNMENT AND LAW

Government: the group of people who officially
control a country; the system used for controlling a
country, city, or group of people; the activities involved
in controlling a country, city, group of people
Law: the principles and regulations established in a
community by some authority and applicable to its
people, whether in the form of legislation or of custom
and policies recognized and enforced by judicial
decision

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
1. As to the number of persons
exercising sovereign powers:

2. As to extent of powers exercised

by the central or national
government:

Monarchy - the supreme

authority is in the hands of a one
person only
Aristocracy - the ruling power is
in the hands of a few privileged
class
Democracy - the power is in the
hands of the people

Unitary government - the control of

national and local affairs is under the
central or national government
Federal government - the powers of
the government are divided between
two sets of organs, one for national
and the other for local affairs, each
organ being supreme within its own
sphere

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
3. As to relationship between the executive and
the legislative branches of the government:

Parliamentary government - the executive is

dependent on the legislative
Presidential government - the executive is
constitutionally vested with powers making it
independent from legislative department

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
4. Other Forms
Civil government - the affairs of the state are administered
and directed by the citizens or their representatives
Military government - established and administered by a
belligerent in the territory of an enemy occupied by him
Constitutional government - the powers of those who rule
are defined and limited by the constitution
Despotic government - the powers of those who rule are
vague and may seem limitless because it is not defined nor
limited by the constitution

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
Elective government - the state confers powers upon a
person or organization chosen by qualified voters and the
holding of powers is for a limited term and under certain
conditions
Hereditary government - the state confers the powers of
government upon a person or organization standing in a
certain family relations to his or their immediate
predecessors
Coordinate government - the powers of the government is
distributed among separate departments equally
independent of but coordinate with each other

TYPES OF GOVERNMENT
De jure government - established according to the
constitution of the state and has the general support of the
people
De facto government - established against existing
constitution of the state and is maintained against the
rightful and lawful government
Revolutionary government - installed, whether by force or
otherwise, not in accordance with the procedure prescribed
in an existing constitution

Functions of Government
The
Institutionalization
of norms (Laws)

The enforcement
of laws.

Power and
Authority

Social Order
maintenance

Provide for the

welfare of
members of
society.

Protection of
Society from
external threat.

Philippine Government System

The Philippines is a republic with a presidential form of government
wherein power is equally divided among its three branches: executive,
legislative, and judicial.
The Legislative branch is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal
them through the power vested in the Philippine Congress. This
institution is divided into the Senate and the House of Representatives.
The Executive branch is composed of the President and the Vice
President who are elected by direct popular vote and serve a term of
six years. The Constitution grants the President authority to appoint
his Cabinet. These departments form a large portion of the countrys
bureaucracy.

Philippine Government System

The Judicial branch holds the power to settle controversies involving
rights that are legally demandable and enforceable. This branch
determines whether or not there has been a grave abuse of discretion
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part and
instrumentality of the government. It is made up of a Supreme Court and
lower courts.

The Constitution expressly grants the Supreme Court the power of

Judicial Review as the power to declare a treaty, international or
executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order,
instruction, ordinance or regulation unconstitutional.

ECONOMY
Economy refers to the social institution through which
a societys resources (goods and services) are
managed. Goods, or commodities, are the physical
objects we find, grow, or make in order to meet our
needs and the needs of others.

Microeconomics:

Macroeconomics:

concerned with the specific

economic units of parts that
makes an economic system
and the relationship between
those parts. Emphasis is
placed on understanding the
behavior of individual firms,
industries, households, and
ways in which such entities
interact.

concerned with the

economy as a whole, or
large segments of it. It
focuses on such problems
as the role of
unemployment, the
changing level of prices, the
nations total output of
goods and services, and the
ways in which government
raises and spends money.

THREE BASIC REVOLUTIONS

Agricultural Revolution

Simple society
Hunting and gathering together
No distinct economy
Producing and consuming
Barter system

Industrial Revolution

New sources of energy.

Centralization of work in factories.
Manufacturing and mass
production.
Specialization.
Wage labor.

THREE BASIC REVOLUTIONS

Information Revolution and Postindustrial Society
It is a productive system based on service, work and
high technology
Automated machines used, which
Reduce the role of human labour in production
Expand the ranks of clerical workers and
managers
Shift the industrial work to service work

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
CAPITALISM:
1. Private ownership of property.
Supports the right of individual to own anything.
2. Pursuit of personal profit.
Encourages people to acquire the greatest
amount of private property even at the expense
of others.
3. Free competition and consumers sovereignty.
Economy should operate without interference
from the government.

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
SOCIALISM:
1. Collective ownership of property
Utilize productive property for the whole economy.
2. Pursuit of collective goals.
Cultural values and norms in the socialist societies
define such self-serving behavior as immoral and
often illegal.
3. Government control economy.
Centrally controlled economy

SECTORS
OF THE
ECONOMY

Primary Sector

Secondary Sector

draws raw materials from

the natural environment
it is of greatest importance
(26% of the economy) in
low-income nations
10 percent of economic
activity in middle-income
nations
just 2 percent in highincome countries such as
the United States
Examples: agriculture,
raising animals, fishing,
mining and forestry

Transforms raw materials into

manufactured goods
Grow quickly as societies
industrialized
It includes operations such as
refining petroleum into
gasoline and turning metals
into tools and automobiles.
Is a significant share (25%
35%) of the economy in low-,
middle-, and high-income
nations
Examples: automobile and
clothing manufacturing

Tertiary Sector

SECTORS
OF THE
ECONOMY

Is the part of the economy

that involves services rather
than goods
Is the largest sector (49%
73%) in low-, middle-, and
high-income countries
About 85 percent of the
U.S. labor force is in service
work
Include secretarial and
clerical work, positions in
food service , sales, law,
health care, law
enforcement, advertising,
and teaching

EDUCATION
Is the preparation for effective participation in social
relations.
It is the consciously controlled process whereby
changes in behavior are produced in the person and
through the person in the group.
As a social institution includes not only the effects of
schooling but also the more pervasive effects of childrearing practice.
It includes all experiences from which one learns and
which bring about changes in him/her.

STRUCTURES OF EDUCATION
Formal Education
It sets definite objectives and goals reached through
systematized, formal institutions and methods.

Non-formal Education
Consists of sets of definite learning goals and
objectives, generally making use of a more flexible
curriculum, less rigid admission procedures and
more participative teaching methods.

FUNCTIONS OF EDUCATION
1. To transmit the cultural heritage.
2. To help individual select social roles and train
them for the roles they have chosen.

3. To integrate into the cultural mainstream the

various subcultures and identities.
4. To serve as a source of a social and cultural
innovation.

Development of
Philippine Education

Education From
Ancient Early Filipinos
- Children were provided
more vocational training but
less academics in their
houses by their parents and
in the houses of their tribal
tutors. They were using a
unique system of writing
known as the baybayin.

Spanish Period
- During the early Spanish
period most education was
carried out by the religious
orders. The schools focused on
the Christian Doctrines.

First Republic
-The schools maintained by Spain for
more than three centuries were closed
for a short period but were reopened on
August 29, 1898 by the Secretary of
Interior. Article 23 of the Malolos
Constitution mandated that public
education would be free and obligatory
in all schools of the nation under
the First Philippine Republic.

American Period
-Building on the education system created in 1863, an
improved public school system was established during
the first decade of American rule upon the
recommendation of the Schurman Commission. Free
primary instruction that trained the people for the
duties of citizenship and avocation was enforced by
the Taft Commission per instructions of President
William McKinley. Education during this time also
emphasized nationalism, vocational education and good
manners and discipline.

After World War II

-In 1947, by the virtue of Executive Order No. 94, the
Department of Instruction was changed to
the Department of Education. During this period, the
regulation and supervision of public and private schools
belonged to the Bureau of Public and Private Schools.

Marcos Era
-In 1972, the Department of Education became the
Department of Education and Culture by the virtue
of Proclamation 1081 which was signed by President
Ferdinand Marcos.

Fifth Republic
-In 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 117, the Ministry of
Education, Culture and Sports, became the Department of
Education, Culture and Sports. The structure of DECS as embodied
in the order remained practically unchanged until 1994.
-Tri-focalization of Education Management:
DECS for basic education
CHED for higher education
TESDA for post-secondary, middle-level manpower training
and development
-1994- DECS to Department of Education

Implementation Of The K-12 Program

- The implementation of the K-12 program is "phased".

FAMILY
The family is a social institution, that is, an established
social system that emerges, changes, and persists over
time. Institutions are there; we do not reinvent them
every day, although people adapt in ways that make
institutions constantly evolve, such as is the case with
how families have changed over time. We can define the
family to refer to a primary group of peopleusually
related by ancestry, marriage, or adoptionwho form a
cooperative economic unit to care for offspring and each
other and who are committed to maintaining the group
over time

Families are part of

what are more
broadly considered
to be kinship systems. A
kinship system is the
pattern of relationships
that define peoples
relationships to one
another within a family.
Kinship systems
vary enormously
across cultures
and over time

FAMILY

The smallest social institution with the unique

function or producing and rearing the young.
It is the basic unit of Philippine society and the
educational system where the child begins to
learn his ABC.
The basic agent of socialization because it is here
where the individual develops values, behaviors,
and ways of life through interaction with members
of the family

Characteristic of the Filipino

Family
The family is closely knit and has strong
family ties.
The Filipino family is usually extended one
and therefore, big.
In the Filipino family, kinship ties are
extended to include the compadre or
sponsors.

Functions of the Family

1. Reproduction of the race and rearing of the
young.
2. Cultural transmission or enculturation.
3. Socialization of the child.
4. Providing affection and a sense of security.
5. Providing the environment for personality
development and the growth of selfconcept in relation to others.
6. Providing social status.

Kinds of Family
According to STRUCTURE
a. Conjugal or Nuclear Family -the
primary or elementary family
consisting of husband, wife and
children.

b. Extended Family -consist of

married couple, their parents,
siblings, grandparents, uncles,
aunts, and cousins.

According to term of MARRIAGE

Monogamy-is the practice of a

sexually exclusive marriage with one
spouse at a time.
Polyandry -one woman is married to
two or more men at the same time.
Polygamy -one man is married to two
or more women at the same time.
Cenogamy - two or more men mate
with two or more women in group
marriage.

Kinds of Family
According to DESCENT

Patrilocal -when the newly

married couple lives with the
parents of the husband.
Matrilocal - when the newly
married couple lives with the
parents of the wife.
Neolocal - when the newly
married pair maintains a
separate household and live by
themselves.

According to AUTHORITY
a. Partriarchal - when the father is
considered the head and plays a
dominant role.
b. Matriarchal - when the mother
or female is the head and makes
the major decisions.
c. Equalitarian - when both father
and mother share in making
decisions and are equal in
authority.

THANK
YOU!