GENERALIZED POWER FORMULA

ANTIDERIVATIVES
(INTEGRAL)
MATH22
Calculus2

GENERALIZED POWER FORMULA

(Integration by Simple
Substitution)
Objectives: At the end of the chapter the
student is
expected to
identify an integrand where simple substitution is
applicable.
perform integration using the generalized power
formula.
relate integration by power formula to the
generalized
integration formula.
use the neutralizing/correction factor as an

INTEGRATION BY SUBSTITUTION
- is a technique use to transform complicated integration
problems into simpler ones.
-integration by substitution can be motivated by examining the
chain rule from the viewpoint of antidifferentiation.
- The role of substitution in integration is comparable to the
role of the Chain Rule in differentiation. Recall that for
differentiable functions given by y=F(u) and u=g(x), the
Chain Rule states that
d
[ F ( g ( x )] F ' ( g ( x )) g ' ( x)
dx

- From the definition of an antiderivative, it follows that

F ' ( g ( x)) g ' ( x)dx F ( g ( x)) C

Since F is an antiderivative of f, then,

f ( g ( x)) g ' ( x)dx F ( g ( x)) C

(1)

du
If u= g(x), then
g ' ( x ) and in the differential form
dx
du=g(x)dx. T hus,

f (u)du F (u) C

(2)

The process of evaluating an integral of the form (1) by

converting it into the form (2) with the substitution u=g(x) and
du=g(x)dx is known as the method of u-substitution.
Therefore the generalized power formula is:
n 1
[
f
(
u
)]
n
[
f
(
u
)]
d ( f (u )]
C ; n 1

n 1

Procedure for evaluating the integrals by

substitution
1.Find a portion of the integrand f(x) that is
especially prominent in the sense that if it
were replaced by a single new variable, say u
then the integrand would be noticeably simpler.
The resulting equation will have the form
u=g(x).
2. Using the equation u=g(x) obtained in step
1 , find the differential, du=g(x)dx.
3.Using
the two equations u=g(x) and
du=g(x)dx obtained in steps 1 and 2, rewrite
the entire integrand including dx, in terms of u
and du only.
4. Evaluate the resulting indefinite integrals in

Integrate the following using

substitution.
2
4
2
2
1. 2 x( x 5) dx
6. x( x 1) dx

(1 x )
2.
x

1
3

7. 2 x 1dx

3. x 2 x 1dx

8. x 2 x 1dx

4. 12( y 4 y 1) ( y 2 y )dy
4

1
1
5. 2 2 dx
x
x

9.

x dx

x 4
3

5
21

5 x 5

dx
10. x
2
x x

Evaluate the following indefinite integrals

using
substitution techniques.

1. 3 2s ds

1
dx
2
x (1 x )

2.

3.

1
z
z

5/ 2

z 2 1
2 dx
z
5

r
4. r 1 dr
18
3

5.

x2 1
x 3x
3

dx

6. 3 y 7 3 y dy
2

t 1
7.
dt
t
3
x
8.
dx
3
(5 x 2)

9. ( x 1) (1 x) dx
2

10. (a bx) dx
n