Chapter 13 Organic Compounds

with Oxygen and Sulfur

13.2
Properties of Alcohols, Ethers,
and Thiols

Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.

Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Boiling Points of Alcohols

Alcohols
contain polar OH
groups.
form hydrogen bonds
with other alcohol
molecules.
have higher boiling
points than alkanes and
ethers of similar mass.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Boiling Points of Ethers

Ethers
do not have a polar
group.
have an O atom,
but there is no H
attached.
cannot form
hydrogen bonds
between ether
molecules.
Copyright 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Solubility of Alcohols and Ethers in

Water
Alcohols and ethers
are more soluble in water than alkanes because the
oxygen atom can hydrogen bond with water.
with 1-4 C atoms are soluble, but not with 5 or more
C atoms.

Comparing Solubility and Boiling

Points
Compound

Molar
Mass

Boiling
Point (C)

Soluble
in Water?

Alkane

CH3CH2CH3

44

-42

No

Ether

CH3OCH3

46

-23

Yes

Alcohol

CH3CH2OH

46

78

Yes

Solubility of Phenol
Phenol
is soluble in water.
has a hydroxyl group that ionizes slightly (weak acid).
is corrosive and irritating to skin.
OH

O-

+ H2 O

+ H 3 O+