Dimensional Quality Engineering ME-4032

LIMITS, FITS AND

TOLERANCES
SALMAN JAVED
2K13/ME/143

TOLERANCES
Tolerance is defined as the permissible variation of a
dimension.
Tolerance have to be specified in order to maintain
an economic production and facilitate assembly of
components.
Tolerance is based on the functional requirement,
standardization and manufacturing needs.

WHY ARE TOLERANCES

SPECIFIED ?
Tolerances are specified because of inability to
produced actual dimension.
The factors which lead to variation in dimension are:
Variation in properties of material
Production machine have some inaccuracies
Human error in machine setup

POSITIONAL TOLERANCES
Two types of positional tolerances are used:
1. Unilateral tolerances
2. Bilateral tolerances
When tolerance is on one side of basic size, it is called
unilateral and if it is both in plus and minus then it
is known as bilateral tolerance.

SPECIFYING TOLERANCES
Tolerances on shaft and hole are decided using two
approaches:
Complete interchangeability approach
Statistical approach

LIMITS
There are two
extreme possible
sizes of a
component.
The largest
permissible size for
a component is
called upper limit
and smallest size is
called lower limit.

TERMINOLOGY

Nominal Size
Basic Size
Zero line
Actual Size
Allowances
Deviation

DEVIATION
Upper deviation
Lower deviation
Fundamental deviation

FITS
The degree of tightness or looseness between two
mating parts is called a fit.
Fit exists because of difference between sizes of
components which are to be assembled.
Three types of fit
Clearance Fit
Interference Fit
Transition Fit

TYPES OF FIT
Clearance Fit
There is a clearance or looseness in this type of fits.
These fits maybe slide fit, easy sliding fit, running fit
etc.

TYPES OF FIT
Interference Fit
There is an interference or tightness in these type of
fits. E.g. shrink fit, heavy drive fit etc.

TYPES OF FITS
Transition Fit
In this type of fit, the limits for the mating parts are
so selected that either a clearance or interference
may occur depending upon the actual size of the
mating parts.

BASIC HOLE SYSTEM

Different clearances and interferences are obtained by
associating various shafts with a single hole whose
lower deviation is zero (H hole).

BASIC SHAFT SYSTEM

Different clearances and interferences are obtained by
associating various hole with a single shaft whose
upper deviation is zero.

THE END