Isoflurane

Physical properties
Isoflurane is a colourless, volatile
liquid wirh a slightly pungent odour.
It is stable and does not react with
metal or other substances. It does
not require preservatives. Isoflurane
is non-flammable in clinical
concentrations. The MAC of
isoflurane is 1.15% in oxygen and
0.56% in 70% nitrous oxide.

pharmacological properties
Approximately 0.17% of the absorbed dose
is metabolized. Metabolism takes place
predominantly in the form of oxidation to
produce difluoromethanol and
trifluoroacetic acid; the former breaks
down to formic acid and fluoride. Because
of the minimal metabolism, only very small
concentrations of serum fluoride ions are
found, even after prolonged
administration. The minimal metabolism
renders hepatic and renal toxicity most
unlikely.

Indications
Used for induction and maintenance
of general anesthesia.
Isoflurane is used for myocardial
depressant
Increase cerebral vasodilatation
Used for muscle relaxation
Relaxes uterine muscle in a doserelated manner, same as Enflurane

Contraindications
Myasthenia Gravis,
Disease Affecting Muscles and
Nerves
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Abnormally Low Blood Pressure
Liver Problems
Malignant Hyperthermia
Allergy

Side effects
A pungent odour which makes
inhalation induction relatively
unpleasant, particularly in children
Coronary vasodilatation with the
possibility of coronary steal syndrome
at high inspired concentrations.
Systemic hypotension occurs
predominantly as a result of reduction
in systemic vascular resistance