Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Systems
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-1
MIMO : Features
Research in MIMO
Increasing the capacity of MIMO systems
Developing systems that can operate close to the capacity
Primary applications
4-th generation wireless and High capacity LANs ( 802.11)
3GPP release 7 and 8 (LTE)
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-2
Receiver
With Nr RX Antennas
X
H
h11
h
21
hNt 1
h12
h22
hNt 2
h1N r
h2 N r
Y HX n
hNt N r
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-3
~
Y U *T Y [ HX n]
U *T [UV *T X n]
(U *T U )V *T X U *T n]
~
X n~ ,
~
~
where X V *T X ; X VX
n~ U *T n
[Note : var n~ var n ]
i
C log 2 [1 i2 i ]; i
i 1
~
~ ~
Y X n
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
Pi
2
~ ~
E{ X *T X } E[ X *T X ] diag[ Pi ];
MIMO-4
MIMO-5
Diversity Gain
Minimize Pe (conservative
approach)
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-6
of
interference
to
change
the
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-7
y=u*Hvx + u*n
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-8
Diversity in MIMO
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-9
i 1
~ ~
E{ X *T X } E[ X *T X ] diag[ Pi ];
N
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-10
R bits/symbol
Channel
coding
Symbol
mapping
SpaceTime
Coding
.
.
MT
Redundancy in time
Coding rate = rc
rs : number of different
symbols N transmitted in T
symbol periods
rs = N/T
Non-redundant
portion of symbols
rate)
If rs
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
1, - diversity mode
MIMO-11
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-12
Solving above gives the water-filling power allocation for the MIMO
channel Pi/P = 1/0-1/i for i > 0 and 0 otherwise
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-13
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-14
In a static channel if the average mutual information is not known then the
rate of transmission is unknown.
In such case capacity is given by Outage capacity ( probability that
transmitted data will not be received correctly)
Pout=P(H: Blog2det[IMr + p/Mt HHH] < C)
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-15
Fading Channels
Channel Gain matrix experiences flat fading (H varies with time)
Channel known at Tx: Water-filling
Short term power constraint (Power associated with each channel realization must equal
average power constraint P )
Long term power constraint (Different powers for different channel realizations)
C=max pH:E(pH)=p EH [ max Rx: Tr(Rx)=pH Blog2 det[IMr + HRxHH]
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-16
Like static channels, ergodic capacity also linearly scales with M for ZMSW
channel
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-17
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-18
No CSI at the Tx or Rx
Linear growth in capacity as a function of number of antennas disappear
Capacity depends on the underlying channel model
Capacity depends on the structure of the fading process[5]
For general fading process, no multiplexing gain associated with multiple
antennas when there is no Tx or Rx CSI
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-19
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-20
Coder
Modulator
Data
Source
S/P
Stream 1
Channel
Coder
Modulator
Stream 2
Coder
Modulator
Stream M
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-21
D-BLAST
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-22
Space-Time Coding
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-23
It is the only orthogonal STBC that achieves rate 1. That is to say that
it is the only STBC that can achieve its full diversity gain without
needing to sacrifice its data rate.
For more than two antennas there are several Pseudo-Alamouti
Codes. They can not achieves rate 1.
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-24
MIMO Standards
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-25
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-26
Both of MIMO & OFDM need precoding (a matrix channel into a set of
parallel independent sub-channels). In the OFDM setting, the matrix
channel is given by the circular matrix C, defined by the ISI channel
together with the cyclic prefix added onto the input symbols. In fact,
the decomposition in C Q 1Q is the SVD decomposition of a circular
matrix C, with U Q 1 and V = Q.
The important difference between the ISI channel and the MIMO
channel is that, for the former, the U and V matrices (DFTs) do not
depend on the specific realization of the ISI channel while for the latter,
they do depend on the specific realization of the MIMO channel.
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-27
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-28
MIMO-OFDM
From: Tetsushi Abe, Takahiro Asai and Hirohito Suda, A Practical Throughput
Comparison of MIMO-CDMA and MIMO-OFDM, Vehicular Technology Conference, 2004.
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-29
Wireless Communications
8/1/2006
MIMO-30