Durability Characteristics of Concrete

exposed to Chloride

Contents

Abstract
Introduction
Objectives
Scope of Study
Literature Review
Methodology
Data Collection
Referances

Abstract
Concrete, a strong, durable material composed of cement,
aggregate and water, is the most used building material in the
world.
Concrete has an ultimate load bearing capacity under
compression but the material is weak in tension. That is why
steel bars are embedded in the concrete for the structures to
carry tensile loads. The steel reinforced bars take the load
when the concrete cracks in tension. On other hand the
concrete protects the steel reinforced bars from the
environment and prevents corrosion.
However, the cracks in the concrete form a major problem
which affects the durability of the structures.
Here the ingress of water and chloride ions takes place and
deterioration of the structure starts with the corrosion of the
steel.

 To increase the strength and durability of the structure

either the cracks that are formed should be repaired
conventionally using epoxy injection or latex treatment
or by providing extra reinforcement in the structure
during the design phase to ensure that the crack width
stays within a permissible limit.

Introduction
Durability of concretemaybedefinedastheabilityofconcreteto
resist weathering action, chemical attack, and abrasion while
maintainingitsdesiredengineeringproperties.
Theresistanceofconcretetochlorideisgood;however,forsevere
environmentssuchasbridgedecks,itcanbeincreasebyusingalow
water-cementitious ratio (about 0.40), at least seven days of moist
curing, and supplementary cementitious materials such as silica
fume,toreducepermeability.
Increasing the concrete cover over the steel also helps slow down
themigrationofchlorides.

 Other methods of reducing steel corrosion include the use of

corrosion inhibiting admixtures, epoxy-coated reinforcing steel,
surfacetreatments,concreteoverlays,andcathodicprotection.

 Durability recommendations for 100 years service life (

20 mm Aggregate ):Exposure
Condition

Max. W/C
Ratio

Min.
Cement
Content,
Kg/m3

Min.Grade
of
Concrete

Min. Cover,
mm

Moderate

0.45

340

M25

40

Severe

0.45

360

M30

45

Very Severe

0.40

380

M40

50

Extreme

0.35

400

M45

75

Objectives
The structures so designed should have an acceptable
probability of performing satisfactorily during their
intended life.
The designed structures should be durable.
The designed structures should adequately resist to the
effects of chemical attack.
The designed structure should sustain all loads and
deform within limits for construction and use.
Designed durable concrete
compressive strengths.

should

have

enough

Scope of Study
In this study, durability have been studied thoroughly
but still some aspects require more investigations e.g.
resistance against sulphur attack, carbonation, alkali
silica reaction, freezing and thawing may be studied.
The
highly
reactive
mineral
admixtures
like
Metakaoline or rice husk ash with fly ash in cement
system may be investigated for optimization as India
has rich deposits of Kaoline and it is a leading
producer of rice.

Thank You....