INTRODUCTION

You must have observed that in nature, many

things follow a certain pattern, such as the
petals of sun flower, the holes of a honeybee
comb, the grains on a maize cob, the spirals on a
pineapple and on a pine cone etc. We now look
for some patterns which occur in our daily life.
For example: Mohit applied for a job and got
selected. He has been offered a job with a
starting monthly salary Rs 8000, with an annual
increment of Rs 500 in his salary. His salary for
the 1st, 2nd,3rd,years will be, respectively
8000, 8500, 9000,..

 In the above example, we observe a

pattern. We find that the succeeding terms
are obtained by adding a fixed number(2).

 Consider the following lists of numbers:

1)

1,2,3,4..

d=1

2)

100,70,40,10

d=-30

3)

-3/5,-2/5,-1/5, 0.

4)

3, 3, 3, 3.

5)

-1.0, -1.5, -2.0, -2.5,.

d=1/5
d=0
d=0.5

Each of the numbers in the list is called a

term.

 Given a term, can you write the next term in each of

the lists above? If so, how will you write it? Perhaps by
following a pattern or rule. Let us observe and write
the rule:
In(1), each term is 1 more than the term preceding it.
In(2), each term is 30 less than the term preceding it.
In(3), each term is obtained by adding 1/5 to each
term preceding it.
In(4), all the terms in the list are 3, i.e. each term is
obtained by adding 0 to the term preceding it.
In(5), each term is obtained by adding -0.5 to the
term preceding it.

 In all the lists above, we see that the successive

terms are obtained by adding a fixed number to
the preceding terms. Such lists are called
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS (or) AP.
So, An Arithmetic Progression is a list of numbers
in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed
number preceding term except the first term.
This fixed number is called the common
difference of the AP.denoted by a small d.
Remember that it can be positive(+), negative(-)
or zero(0)

 Let us denote the first term of an Arithmetic

Progression by (a1)second term by (a2 ), nth
term by (an ) and the common difference by d .
The general form of an Arithmetic Progression is
:
a , a +d , a + 2d , a + 3d , a + (n1)d
Now, let us consider the situation again in
which Mohit applied for a job and been
selected. He has been offered a starting
monthly salary of Rs8000, with an annual
increment of Rs500. what would be his salary
for the fifth year?

The nth term an of the Arithmetic Progression

with first term a and common difference d is
given by an=a+(n-1) d.
an is also called the general term of the AP.
If there are m terms in the Arithmetic
Progression , then am represents the last term
which is sometimes also denoted by l.
The sum of the first n terms of an Arithmetic
Progression is given by
s=n/2[2a+
(n-1) d].
We can also write it as s=n/2[a +an].

Find the nth Term of an

Let us consider an A.P.
A.P. with first term a
and common difference d ,then

The first term = a1 =a +0 d = a +

(1-1)d
The second term = a2 = a + d = a +
(2-1)d
The third term = a3 = a + 2d = a +
(3-1)d
The fourth term = a4 =a + 3d = a +
(4-1)d

The nth term = an = a + (n1)d

To check that a given term is

in A.P. or not.
2, 6, 10,
(i)14.
Here , first term a = 2,
find differences in the next terms
a2-a1 = 6 2 = 4
a3-a2 = 10 6 = 4
a4-a3 = 14 10 = 4
Since the differences are
common.
Hence the given terms are in A.P.

 Now lets try a simple problem:

Problem :Find 10th term of A.P. 12, 18,
24,
30Given A.P. is 12, 18, 24, 30..
Solution:
First term is a = 12
Common difference is d = 1812 = 6
nth term is an = a + (n-1)d
Put n = 10,

a10 = 12 + (10-1)6
= 12 + 9 x 6

= 12 + 54
a10 = 66

Problem 2. Find the sum of 30 terms of

given A.P. 12 + 20 + 28 + 36
Solution : Given A.P. is 12 , 20, 28 , 36
Its first term is a = 12
Common difference is d = 20 12 = 8
The sum to n terms of an arithmetic
progression
S

= n [ 2a + (n - 1)d ]

= x 30 [ 2x 12 + (30-1)x 8]
= 15 [ 24 + 29 x8]
= 15[24 + 232]
= 15 x 246

THANK YOU!!!!!
Efforts BySridhar
Palak
Madhav
Priyam
Prateek
Riya