DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF A

CHICKEN FOOD SUPPLEMENT USING MADRE DE AGUA (Trichanthera

gigantean) AND LACATAN (Musa acuminata) AND MALUNGAY (Moringa
oleifera) AS POTENT COMPONENTS

Cor Jesu College, Inc. Basic Education Department

S.Y. 2019 - 2020

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements in Research 3

Presented to
LEMUEL M. SAYAO, MA
Research III Adviser

Proponents

CONVOCAR, MIGUEL SALVADOR

BARQUILLA, CHRISTIE EMMANUELLE
PADUA, JESSERENE
CASTRO, DOROTHY LOU
MORAL, DIANNE CHELSEA NICOLE
CANOY, KRISTELLE MAE
MORING, GREY LIAN
RICAFRANCA, RETT CHRISTIAN

April 2020
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to convey their warmest and sincerest gratitude to the following

people who made the study possible amid all the hardships.

Cor Jesu College Basic Education Department, for upholding its vision, mission, and

core value to the researchers who were inspired and determined.

Sir Lemuel M. Sayao, the researchers’ adviser for his guidance, comments, suggestions,

and generous sharing of his time for the improvement of the study.

Mr. and Mrs. Convocar, for sharing their expertise, time and knowledge to assess and

guide the researcher’s study.

Mr. and Mrs. Barquilla, Mr. and Mrs. Castro, Mr. and Mrs. Canoy, Mr. and Mrs.

Moral, Mr. and Mrs. Moring, Mr. and Mrs. Padua & Mr. and Mrs. Ricafranca for their

never-ending support and without them this research would not be made possible.

Above all, the Almighty Father, for His guidance and strength.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
TITLE PAGE i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

CHAPTER

I INTRODUCTION

1
Overview of Chicken Production

6
Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

7
Statement of the Problem and Hypothesis

8
Significance of the Study

Definition of Terms 9

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITEARATURES

10
The Modern Chicken Industry

Different Taxonomic Characteristics of

12
Chicken, Madre de Agua, Malunggay and
Banana

13
Optimum Condition of Chicken Production

15
Issues Regarding Chicken Production

16
Resolving Matters about Poultry Industry
III METHODS

19
Research Design

20
Locale and Subject of the Study

Materials and Methods

A. Pre-Experiment Protocol 21
B. Materials 22
C. Methods 22

24
Data Gathering Procedure

Data Analysis
25

IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Average Weights of Treatment 1 (100% 26

Commercial Feeds)

Average Weights of the Treatment 2 (50% 27

Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua
Leaves)

Average Weights of the Treatment 3 (50% 28

Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) Cobb
500 Broiler Chickens
 Significant Difference between the Final 30
Weight of Broiler Chicken on Treatment 1,
Treatment 2, and Treatment

V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary 32

Conclusions 33

Recommendations 34

REFERENCES 35

APPENDICES 37
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Animal agriculture is the practice of breeding animals for the production of animal products

and for recreational purposes, and it is part of the livestock sector, which has an impact on the

world economy. In 2013, the livestock sector accounted for one-third of global agricultural gross

production value. Animal agriculture is an important part of the Philippine Islands; hogs are the

chief meat animals (except in Muslim sections). The Philippines is self- sufficient in pork and

poultry, but imports of beef and dairy products are still necessary. Animal farming has been

considered significant for the world economy, in fact, in 2013, the livestock sector accounted for

one-third of global agricultural gross production value, and around 1.3 billion people depend on

livestock for their livelihoods, among which are 600 million poor farmers. Rural households in

African countries such as Niger, Madagascar, Malawi and Tanzania depend heavily on livestock,

with 44-79 per cent of rural households keeping livestock in 2013. One of the sources of this is

Chicken production.

Chicken production is the form of animal husbandry which raises chickens to produce meat

or eggs for food, and this are farmed in great numbers. More than 60 billion chickens are killed for

consumption annually. Chickens raised for meat are called broilers and the most common colors

associated with broiler chickens are white and brown broiler chickens which are specifically bred

by companies such as Cobb. Broiler chicken are fed with protein-rich diets, reaching the rearing

slaughter weight of nine pounds in the period of five to nine weeks of age. The chickens are floor-

raised on litter such as wood shavings, and oak wood shavings, but in the Philippines, floors are
 Page |2

made out of locally-sourced bamboo slats and netting covered with rice hull and are raised in large,

open structures such as grow-out buildings which are well-ventilated, well-lighted, and well-

heated, to keep the chickens as comfortable as possible.

The global poultry production was measured at 111,000 metric tons. More so, the

production is sure to dominate and increase by 24% over the next decades with all the additional

meat produced in 2025. In the Philippines, the total volume of chicken production in July to

September 2019 was 465.15 thousand metric tons, liveweight. This was 8.5 percent higher

compared with the previous year’s level of 428.77 thousand metric tons, liveweight. Although

demand outlook is optimistic for the Philippine poultry industry as a whole because of anticipated

income and population growth, it faces increasing threats from poultry imports. The livestock

sector globally is highly dynamic. In developing countries, it is evolving in response to rapidly

increasing demand for livestock products. In developed countries, demand for livestock products

is stagnating, while many production systems are increasing their efficiency and environmental

sustainability. The diets of broiler chickens must be carefully calculated and prepared, usually

protein-rich diets, supplemented with vitamins, are given to ensure fast growth in a short span of

time. But problems may arise from lack of certain compounds in feed, such as Vitamin A, E, K,

B1, B2, and Calcium deficiency, may cause high mortality rates, thus leading to decreased rate of

production, affecting the market, increasing prices of commercial feeds and chicken meat.

According to Costa (2001), commonly used commercial feeds are expensive for backyard

chicken production and affect chicken price, and that input and output prices varied in the model

generate market-responsive feed formulations, feeding times and processing strategies that

efficiently determine profitable production decisions, such that Birds for carcass or cut-up parts
 Page |3

markets processing depends on the relevant prices on what commercial feed was given to the

broilers.

Globally, the production problems that most affected the broiler production were

environmental challenges, poor feed conversion, as well as management problems and low-quality

chicks (Mendes et. al., 2014). Broiler chickens have been subjected to intense genetic selection

that, in the past 50 years, broiler growth rates have increased by over 300% (from 25 g per day to

100 g per day). There is growing societal concern that many broiler chickens have impaired

locomotion or are even unable to walk (Knowles et. al., 2008).

In the ASEAN level, a study found out that HPAI is endemic in many countries, including

Vietnam, where HPAI outbreaks began in 2003 and have led to the death or culling of 59.3 million

of head of poultry (Burgos et al., 2008) and 59 human deaths (World Health Organization, 2010).

In the latest outbreak, as of 6 February2020, a total of 238 cases of human infection with avian

influenza A(H5N1) virus were reported from four countries within the Western Pacific Region

since January 2003. Of these cases, 134 were fatal, resulting in a case fatality rate (CFR) of 56%.

The last case was reported from China, with an onset date of 27 December 2015 (Avian Influenza

Weekly Update Number 727, 2020).

According to Linden, J. (2020), Poultry producers in the Philippines are facing competition

from what they call dumped imports, and some facilities have been forced to close. Owners of

local farms in the municipality of Bacoor were found to be operating without the required local

government permits, and for being non-compliant with biosecurity measures. One month

previously, the town’s mayor had ordered two other poultry facilities to close, citing similar

misdemeanors.
 Page |4

Many studies have peered into the effects of natural and synthetic food supplements, and

its application on broiler chicken production. A study by Murdoch and Hampson (2003), have

investigated the use of CHEMEQRTM polymeric antimicrobial as a means of enhancing health

and growth rates in broiler chickens, but they have conducted physical trials on chickens, but

merely theorized on the effects. A study by Aramburo et. al. (2000), have tackled on the effects of

ir-GH (Growth Hormone) on the pituitary glands of chickens, but they have merely investigated

the effects on the pituitary gland, not the whole body system of the chicken and its physical growth.

A study of Cogburn et. al. (1989) have investigated on the use of natural chicken growth hormone

(ncGH) or recombinant-derived chicken growth hormone (rcGH) on growth, heat production rate,

plasma hormone levels and body composition of Broiler Chicken, not achieving accelerated

growth, but rather have noticed increase in body fat to 117%, they have not achieved improved

growth, plus they have harmed the subjects with unhealthy injections. A study by Oleforuh-

Okeleh, Ogunnupebi and Iroka (2015) stated that banana leaf intake of broiler chickens affects the

weight and feed conversion ratio. The performance of banana leaf is better than the control but

their study did not mention about the use of the body of the banana as food intake that affects the

weight of broiler chickens, that the study will work on. In this research, the stem of the banana

will be use to reduce waste and to show that it can be used as an alternative food supplement for

chickens.

Thus, we have strived to achieve improved body growth with use of natural food

supplement on broiler chickens.

How they are related but not a lot of attention has been attributed to, specifically on the

growth enhancement of broiler chickens with locally sourced food supplements compared to solely

commercial feed application, in regards to the cost of using locally sourced food supplements.
 Page |5

This study aims to define and assess the differences of growth between broiler chickens

with food supplement applications and broiler chickens solely on commercial feed diet.
 Page |6

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored on the Nutritional Limitations Theory, which states three

propositions. First, there is a scale of size, such that the growth rate following a period of nutritional

limitation is that of normal animals at the same size. Second, any abnormalities in body

composition at the end of the period of limitation will be corrected over time. Third, the rates at

which abnormalities in body composition at the end of the period of limiting conditions are

corrected, are always set by the conditions of rehabilitation. The propositions are connected with

three other problems on normal growth, growth under some limitation and the conditions needed

by an animal to perform at its potential. This theory will help guide our research as we observe the

growth rate with respect to the Nutritional Limitations Theory.

IV DV
Feeding Formulation Growth Rate of Broiler Chicken

F1: 100% commercial feeds Final Weight of Broiler Chicken

F2: 50% commercial feeds, 50% Madre-

de-agua
F3: 50% commercial feeds, 50% Banana
Malunggay Concoction 100%
 Page |7

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess growth differences between broiler chickens with food

supplement applications and broiler chickens solely on commercial feed diet.

Specifically, this study sought to find out:

1. What is the mean weekly growth rate of chickens given the following treatment?

1.1. 100% Commercial Feeds (F1)

1.2. 50% Commercial Feeds – 50% Madre-de-Agua

1.3. 50% Commercial Feeds – 50% Banana

2. What is the main final weight of chickens given the following treatment?

1.1 100% Commercial Feeds (F1)

1.2 50% Commercial Feeds – 50% Madre-de-Agua

1.3 50% Commercial Feeds – 50% Banana

3. Is there a significant difference in the chicken’s output during harvest given the three diet

formulations in terms of?

1.1 Growth Rate

1.2 Final Weight

Hypothesis

The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 significance level

Ho: There is no significant difference in the chicken output during harvest given the three

diet formulations in terms of Growth Rate and Final Weight.

 Page |8

Significance of the Study

The main goal of this study is to know the effectiveness of food supplements in

chicken production. The results of the study will help farmers, people in the community and future

researchers in many ways.

Backyard farmers are the main benefactors of this study as chicken meat is in demand in

the market. Growing chickens while using accessible products than commercial feeds will help

them solve financial problems. This will not also lessen the expenses but it will contribute to the

weight and size of the chicken.

Using food supplements that farmers are financially able to use will also help people in the

community especially the common people who buy and consume chicken meat.

The Government are also benefactors of this study, in that the local government units can

propose projects and help backyard farmers in their own projects.

Lastly, this study will be beneficial to future researchers in providing data and important

information that can be use as reference for future studies.

 Page |9

Definition of Terms

To understand more about the topic of the study, these terms are defined

conceptually and operationally.

Broiler Chicken – This refers to the type of chicken specifically bred for meat production

and usually harvested 30-45 days from day of hatching (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Madre-de-Agua - This refers to the local name of the common weed in marshes in the

tropics, to be used in our study. (Tricanthera gigantea)

Banana - This refers to the large herbaceous flowering plant, and its body, to be used in

our study (Musa musa)

Malunggay - This refers to the fast-growing, drought-resistant tree, with round-shaped

leaves to be used in our study (Moringa oleifera)

Food Supplement - This refers to a variable being added to an animal’s diet which contains

vitamins, minerals and nutrients.

Growth Difference - This refers to the result of the examination of the weight of the animal

in a specific date of our study.

 P a g e | 10

CHAPTER II

REVIEW ON RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature on the big picture, technology, ideal situations,

problematic situations and the solutions to the problematic situations about the growth of chickens

fed with the commercial feed. It covers a wide range of topics in understanding the how the said

feeds affect the growth of the chickens.

Modern Chicken Industry

Poultry production is raising chickens to produce meat or eggs for food. Hence, chickens

raised for laying eggs are also called as layers, while chickens raised for meat are called broilers.

Chickens are mostly farmed in great numbers, up to 60 billion are killed for annual consumption

(Chang, 2007). With regards to efficiency, it is more seen in large poultry farms rather than in

developing countries, also for global meat consumption, poultry has about 33% and is expected to

grow at 2 to 3% per year (Scanes, 2007). As stated by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA),

productions in chicken has greatly increased in almost all regions in the country. In addition, its

totality in April-June, went up by 3.1 percent to 477,110 metric tons (MT) compared to last year’s

462,700 MT (Gomez, 2019).

The Philippines has an abundant chicken industry that is separated by different sectors; the

industrialized production systems of broilers and layers of exotic hybrids, and the native or

crossbred chickens mainly for the owner's own consumption (Chang, 2007). An example the latter
 P a g e | 11

is free-range chicken production, which allows chickens to roam freely for a portion of the day,

but are generally enclosed at night in sheds to protect them from predators, or kept indoors when

the weather is particularly bad, according to the Europian Commission (1998). In chicken

production, it is passed on to the next generation and best features are kept. Selective breeding is

advantageous in situations where the reproductive cycle is short and is particularly effective. This

is true especially of broiler chickens. Breeding chickens reach sexual maturity and begin egg

production at about 20-25 weeks and then takes just three weeks to hatch those eggs to produce

the next generation (Chicken Meat Production, 2018).

However, problems relating to commercialized poultry farming regarding chickens has

multiplied. Low production, poultry diseases and lack of essential nutrients to name a few has lead

to the need of more supplementary feeding, as discussed by Mandal, Khandekar, and Khandekar,

(2006). Thus, guidelines, which differ depending on the country, were made to control the said

problem. Based on the Soil Association Organic Standards for Producers (2009) in UK, organic

systems are based on restrictions on the routine use of synthetic yolk colorants, in-or in-water

medicines, other food additives and synthetic amino acids, and lower storage density and lower

group sizes. Furthermore, according to the Soil Association in UK, Organic chickens should have

a density of 1,000 birds per hectare and a maximum of 2,000 hens to avoid overpopulation of

chicken leading to fast spread of diseases.

In addition to the recently stated problems, Pauwels, et. al. (2015) discovered that there has

been a raising concern for high standard feed-food resources for man and livestock due to low

productivity of scavenger chickens in developing countries. Pauwels et. al. (2015) also discovered

regarding scavenger diet, that a significant (P<0.01) negative effect was found on the body weight

of the rapidly growing breeds and this effect decreased in the other breeds with decreasing growth
 P a g e | 12

rate. The lack of ability for increased feed intake of other breeds may cause differences in body

weight gain. Konaiya and Swan (2004), discussed that it is essential to accommodate feed

resources, since most backyard systems depend to a large degree on the quality of feed available

from scavenging. Solutions such as dietary manipulation were tried together with management

changes that will reduce to manageable levels the problems associated with the ban of use of

growth promoters in broiler feeds (Mateos, Lázaro, & Gracia, 2002).

Different Taxonomic Characteristics of Chicken, Madre de Agua, Malunggay and Banana

Chickens that are used in the production of meat and egg are called as domesticated fowl

that originates from the red jungle fowl species. They belong to the Phasianidae family and

classified as gallus (red jungle fowl) as its genus and galliformes (order). In line with this, the

jungle fowl has four species as follows: Gallus gallus (Red junglefowl), Gallus Varius (Green

jungle fowl), Gallus soneratii (Grey jungle fowl) and Gallus lafayetii (Ceylon jungle fowl).

Additionally, chickens bred for meat productions, more specifically broiler (Gallus gallus

domesticus), have different standards to meet before being sold to markets (Bessei, 2007).

In addition, the Tricanthera gigantea species is a monotypic genus that bears flower in the

acanthus family. Tricanthera is known by several common names: madre de agua, suiban,

cenicero, tuno, naranjillo and palo de agua which originated from Northern South America and

Central America. It is also present in the tropical regions like Vietnam, Cambodia and Philippines.

As reported by Rosales (1997), calcium content was found to be of high value in this plant as

compared to other fodder trees. And so, this suggests that it can be a good feed potential for
 P a g e | 13

lactating animals and egg-laying hens (Rosales, 1997; Preston et. Al., 1997). Further studies have

claimed that integrating this plant in diets of some species as an alternative protein source, resulted

in substantial saving in the expense through feeding with no loss of performance. (Hong Han and

Van Hon, 1999).

Meanwhile, banana is rich in protein, carbohydrates, phosphorus, vitamin A and iron,

potassium and minerals. It is raised among 120 countries in the world and referred as food

counterpart in major African countries, Latin America including Caribbean and Polynesian Islands

(Uma, Saraswathi, Marimuthu & Durai, 2019). In line with this, Cardava banana is known as

cardaba or kardaba in the Philippines. It is a triploid cultivar of Musa x paradisiaca (ABB) hybrid

of the seeded bananas Musa balbisiana and Musa acuminata. More so, Cardava belongs to the

musaceae family and the saba subgroup which is under the Musa acuminate x balbisiana known

as the ABB group.

Last of all, Moringa oleifera originates from the regions of South Asia classified into the

Moringaceae family is a plant that can grow fast and can withstand dry period (Olson, 2010). As

stated by Gopalakrishnan, Doriya, and Kumar (2016), a plant commonly known as ‘drumstick

tree’ or ‘horseradish tree’, and is widely grown around the world. It has a high nutritional value

and can withstand severe drought and mild frost conditions.

Optimum Condition of Chicken Production

The researchers found an ideal situation in Australia around late 1990s in which the local

breeders simply cannot keep pace towards their overseas competitors, regarding the matter for

poultry production thus, international breeding companies based in the US and Europe, have come
 P a g e | 14

to arise and began importing (Chicken Meat Production, 2018). In addition, according to Global

Industry Statistics (n.d) around the year 2015, global poultry production was 111,000 thousand

metric tons so its production is guaranteed to dominate and increase by 24% over the next decades

with all the additional meat produced by 2025. Costa (2001) explained that input and output prices

varied within the model generate market-responsive feed formulations, feeding times and

processing strategies that efficiently determine profitable production decisions. Minimizing the

value of rations fed in grow-out includes decisions on optimal protein levels within the diets and

selection of best feed protein sources. At the plant level, model iterations give optimal solutions

concerning what marketing choice to choose. The integrator will process birds for carcass or cut-

up parts markets, counting on the relevant prices and on what feed is to tend to the broilers.

Furthermore, in Europe, poultry has long been a hit ever since towards consumers for the

main reason that it has dietary and nutritional qualities (Magdelaine, Spiess, & Valceschini, 2008).

Manning, Chadd, and Baines (2007) found out that analyzing the water consumption data of

commercially grown broiler chicken can objectively be used as a measure of bird health and

welfare.

As said by Atapattu and Senevirathne (2013), in poultry production, feed cost is the highest

recurrent cost item so as a result, it has a major influence on the success of the industry and

affordability of poultry products for the consumers, on the other hand, in developing countries

these have severe negative impacts because of the increased prices, that is why the search for

alternative uses for poultry feeding is significant. Broiler Chicken Industry Key Facts (2019) stated

in the business of raising, processing and marketing chickens there are said to be approximately

30 federally-inspected companies’ involved, and during 2018, more than 9 broiler chickens

weighing 56.8 pounds we produced and more than 42.1 billion pounds of chicken product was
 P a g e | 15

marketed. The rise for chicken production has long been known and more than doubled between

years, 1970 and 2004, and it continues to gain towards it top competitor, the ground beef (Buzby

& Farah, 2006).

It was found out that the three regions namely: Central Luzon, Calabarzon and Northern

Mindanao, have contributed 64.6% to the Philippines’ total chicken production, in line with this,

around 2019 on October to December, the total chicken production increased from the past 2018

output (Chicken Situation Report, 2019). Broiler meat in the Philippines still continues to stand

out since the 1960s, because of its affordability and health benefits compared to red meat,

according to Chang (2007). Specifically at Palawan, Philippines, raised native chickens most of

the time are satisfied even if not provided with housing but are must fed twice a day and

broadcasted on the ground, and their selections for breeder/replacement stocks and chicken

slaughter/sale are based according to body size (Lopez Jr, Lambio, Vega, & De Guia, 2015).

Issues Regarding Chicken Production

With a view to chicken production, it depends on many things and in various extents, some

of it being positive and some being problematic situations. This study will rely on results from

examinations, perform to consumers of poultry products and to those who work in poultry shelters

(EFSA, 2010). A probable cause of examining consumers is that in specific cases, pathogenic

avian influenza was found in poultry products which lead to serious health risks, human life and

economic losses (Ifft J., 2011). In a study made in the Netherlands, it was found out that there were

lesser count of antibiotic residues and salmonella contaminations but more campylobacter

contaminations in a meat from organic system compared to the conventional (Bokkers, 2009).
 P a g e | 16

It is found out by more studies that the disease is earn by broiler interaction to the

environment and resources given to it (Come & Zamora, 2014). Since this case started appearing,

more and more ways are implemented to try avoid the cause of it, insisting studies to be made

because of low demands. In return, poultry shelters looked for ways to apprehend the situation,

they started changing the process of poultry farming. A study was made on the implementation of

broilers fed with banana leaf to produce poultry products that are healthy and increased in weight

(Oleforuh-Okoleh, 2015). But the disease was not the only problem that came with poultry

production, the broilers itself produced unhealthy chicks, farmers found feeds to be costly and that

they don’t have the proper marketing capacity (Adeyemo & Onikovi, 2012). Because of this,

government started to make move on monitoring poultry production, but even despite being

monitored, problems were still encountered (Hidayat, 2013). The remaining problems were not

just of the broilers itself, some problems are made and production affected by the farmers’

capability, such as their age, experience and location (Marine, S. P. A. Technical Efficiency of

Swine and Broiler Production). Problems that is connected to poultry production lowers a

country’s economy (Chang, 2007).

Resolving Matters about Poultry Industry

According to Fas et. al. (2015), 10% of banana peel in broiler chicken’s diet that is

enriching the poultry production without any adverse effect. Plant materials such as noni,

drumstrick tree, and lemongrass leaf where used as substitute or feed supplement. 3 ml/1 liter of

Noni juice benefits the Sentul Debu chicken phase growth, such as weight improvement, fats and

cholesterol (Widjastuti, and Setiawan, 2019). Moringa leaf as natural feed additive with 1.5%

added on chicken’s diet can also improve growth, organ development meat and serum cholesterol
 P a g e | 17

with no oxytetracycline content (Sarker et. al., 2017). Improvement of production performance

using Moringa in Broiler’s nutrition, not only reduces cost but also insuring the health of the

chicken, according to Modisaojang-Mojanaga, Ogbuewu, Oguttu, and Mbajiorgu, (2019).

Rhizopus oryzae was also used in a study conducted by Lawan Binta et. al. (2018)

concluded that the use of the plant improves the protein, mineral and antinutritional values of

manga seeds and also showed that the fermented mango seed does not have a negative effect on

the broiler and can be used as poultry feed for small scale farmers. Mmereole (2019), found out

that lemon grass leaf can be used as an alternative to antibiotics growth promoters for broilers

considering the risk of drug resistance. Plant species not found in the Philippines was also used as

food supplements, such as Sauropos androgynus, which, when used as a 30 g supplementation leaf

as a meal for the broiler, improves the feed conversion ration while the body weight is still healthy

because the use of the supplementation reduces the fat in broiler chickens (Santoso, 2001).

Anabiong was also used as a substitute, and had findings that in the 5th and 6th week of the study,

broiler with anabiong leaf meal had significantly higher body weight and gained in weight. In

terms of income on feed cost, the broiler with 5% anabiong leaf meal obtained highest return. In

conclusion, anabiong leaf meal at 5% and 7.5% level can be used as a feed to broilers, as discussed

by Gaffud, Reyes, and Sadang, (2018). A study was conducted to test the effects of Pawpaw leaf

meal on broilers. It was found out that a 2% inclusion of PLM could improve the performance

level of finishing broilers. It could also improve the carcass and organoleptic indices (Onyimonyi,

and Onu, 2009). Mulberry was also used in a study, which Islam et. al. (2014) stated that inclusion

of both 3.5% powder and extract of mulberry leaf meal can be used to formulate low-cost broiler

to produce a broiler with low cholesterol.

 P a g e | 18

The literatures in this worksheet will provide sufficient information for the chapter two of

our research paper. Furthermore, it can help by adding the database for studies conducted by other

researchers which can produce needed sources to back up the group’s claim in the paper. This part

displays the related writing and concentrates after the exhaustive and top to bottom pursuit done

by the scientists. And so, this will likewise exhibit the union of the craftsmanship, hypothetical and

applied structure to completely comprehend the examination to be done and in conclusion the

meaning of terms for better perception of the investigation.

 P a g e | 19

CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter described the methods that were used in the conduct of this study in order to

ensure proper and systematic execution of procedures. Specifically, it contains the following

sequentially: research design, locale of the study, subject of the study, the materials and methods,

data gathering, data analysis and proper disposal technique. In addition, the materials and methods

section contains the pre-experiment protocol, materials, preparation for the wooden cage,

Malunggay concoction, Treatment 2 and 3, feeding schedule, and measurements.

Research Design

The quantitative-experimental research design was used in this study. Williams (2007) said

that quantitative research involves a numeric or statistic approach to research design and that data

is obtained through mathematically created models. Quantitative research can either support or

refute alternative knowledge claims through the collection of data quantified and is subject to

statistical treatments.

Experimental research, according to Mitchelle (2015), is centrally concerned with

constructing research that is high in internal validity, meaning that extent to which a piece of

evidence supports a claim about cause and effect in an experimental study is high, within the

context of a specific study. More so, experimental research also tackles about the magnitude of the

cause-and-effect relationships among the variables.

 P a g e | 20

Following the aforementioned definitions, it was proper to use quantitative research design

since the study includes numerical data collection and analysis. In addition, descriptive research

design was used to understand the differences in feed conversion, weight, and growth rate of

broiler chickens based on the acquired data. Lastly, it is experimental since it involves differing

feed treatments as compared to the control, which was 100% commercial feed diet, in order to

know whether or not the other feed treatments are comparable to the control.

Locale of the Study

The study was conducted in the locality of Sta. Josefa so that the experiment will not be

within 200 meters of the municipality, as per municipal ordinance, and also for close monitoring.

Furthermore, the Cobb 500 broiler chicks used as subjects in the study were purchased in a broiler-

breeder production farm in Davao City and was then transported to Sta. Josefa for the conduct of

the study, while the Madre-de-Agua and Banana (Lakatan) fruit were obtained in Sta. Josefa.

Moreover, the Malunggay leaves and Molasses for the concoction were also obtained locally in

Sta. Josefa.

Subject of the Study

The study focused on measuring the growth rate of broiler chickens with differing feed

treatments. The feed treatments incorporated different materials such as Madre-de-Agua leaves for

on diet, Banana (Lakatan) fruit for another. The water supplement concoction was made with

Malunggay leaves, and Molasses. The subject of this study, which is the growth rate of broiler

chickens, was most fit for the study because it aimed to get the largest weight of broiler chicken in
 P a g e | 21

a set span of time with differing treatments and make a comparison between the results of the

treatments. Moreover, the conduct of the study made the main goal of the study achievable – to

find the feed ingredient which reaches the largest weight for harvest in a set span of time.

Materials and Methods

In the data gathering processes to determine the results of this study, the researchers utilized

the following:

Pre-experiment Protocol

1. The materials used in the study were bought, collected and prepared. The researchers made

use of an 1𝑚2 x22cm elevated wooden chicken cage for the experimentation. This

wooden cage will serve as housing for the specimens in the study.

2. The concoction was made by adding 1 kilogram of Malunggay leaves into 1 liter of

Molasses inside a fermentation jars and left for 1 week. This concoction serves as water

and nutrient supplementation for the specimens.

3. Based on the ratio of age-to-feed ratio, 50% of Madre-de-Agua (finely chopped), was

added to 50% of the commercial feeds and serves as Treatment 2. Likewise, 50% of

Banana (Lakatan) fruit, diced, was also added to 50% commercial feeds and serves as

Treatment 3. These formulations represent the experimental variables feed diet for the

specimens, along with the 100% commercial feed formulation as control of the study.

4. The researchers also sought the aid of licensed veterinarians to provide for additional

information.
 P a g e | 22

Materials

The materials used for the conduct of the study were the following: Twenty-seven Cobb 500 day-

old broiler chickens, commercial feeds (Integra 1000 and 2000), Madre-de-Agua leaves, Ripe

Banana (Lakatan) fruit, Malunggay leaves, Molasses, fermentation jars, water, weighing scale, and

lighting (1 light bulb).

Method

1. Settling of Transported Chicks

Thirty-six heads of Cobb 500 day-old broilers from a well-known breeder farm, was given

electrolyte supplementation for anti-stress due to travel from hatchery to experiment site.

Additionally, booster feeds (Integra 1000) and daily incremental increase, was followed as

recommended.

2. Feed Treatment and Preparation

Malunggay leaves, Madre-de-Agua leaves and Banana fruits was collected. The

Malunggay leaves were mixed with Molasses inside a fermentation jar and left to ferment for 7

days. Madre-de-Agua leaves were diced and added to commercial feeds in a 50%:50% ratio.

Banana (Lakatan) fruits were diced and added to commercial feeds in a 50%:50% ratio. The feed

treatment in regards to day-weight table for Treatments 1, 2, and 3 are as follows:

Treatment 1 - 100% Commercial Feeds.

 P a g e | 23

Treatment 2 - 50% finely chopped Madre-de-Agua leaves and 50%

Commercial Feeds mixed thoroughly.

Treatment 3 - 50% finely chopped Banana (Lakatan) and 50% Commercial

Feeds.

All the treatments are to follow the day-to-feed amount table and was placed in the

corresponding group’s feeders.

Table 1. Age-to-Feed Weight Ratio

Days Grams Days Grams Days Grams Days Grams Days Grams
1 18 8 35 15 80 22 113 29 155

2 19 9 40 16 82 23 119 30 163
3 21 10 46 17 87 24 124 31 169

4 22 11 51 18 92 25 130 32 176
5 24 12 58 19 97 26 136 33 182

6 27 13 65 20 102 27 143 34 187

7 30 14 72 21 107 28 150 35 188

3. Feeding Schedules

Malunggay concoction was added to the drinkers on the ratio of 1 tablespoon to 1 liter of

water as water supplementation. All chicks were given Integra 1000 as daily feed thrice a day for

a span of one week. Malunggay concoction was added to the drinkers on the ratio of 1 tablespoon

to 1 liter of water as water supplementation. On day 7-14, the chicks were given Integra 2000 as

daily feed thrice a day and Malunggay concoction was added to the drinkers on the ratio of 1

tablespoon to 1 liter of water as water supplementation. On day 17-35, the chicks were separated

to three groups by random sampling according to feed treatment. The separated groups will be
 P a g e | 24

named in accordance with the Treatments to be given and the birds were fed in accordance with

their treatments, three times a day.

4. Weighing of Birds

The specimens were weighed every Friday, seven days since day of arrival at a weighing

scale at 6:00 in the evening. At all treatments, the weight of each bird was recorded and organized

according to their Treatment groups. The average of each replicate were collected by adding the

weight of all the birds on each three (3) replicates and was then divided by the number of birds.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers utilized the following in the data-gathering phase of the study.

1. After all the materials were prepared, the chicks were fed thrice a day as follows: 6:00 a.m,

12:00 noon, and 6:00 p.m. Seven days after the chick’s arrival, the researchers weighed the

chicks every Friday of the week.

2. The three (3) Treatments of the study were replicated three (3) times to ensure the least

amount of error on data gathered. Following the separation on treatments one to three, the

chicks were separated and marked as: Treatment 1, Treatment 2, and Treatment 3.

T1R1, T1R2, T1R3 – for treatment 1 and its 3 replicates

T2R3 – for treatment 2 and its 3 replicates

T3R1, T3R2, T3R3 – for treatment 3 and its 3 replicates

 P a g e | 25

As a result, there were a total of twenty-seven Cobb 500 broiler chicken specimens utilized in the

study with three replicates for each of the three treatments.

3. As the researchers acquired the measurements for the trials in each treatment, they

thoroughly examined the weight gain of broiler chickens.

Data Analysis

The formula used by the researchers guided them to determine the results of their

experiment. They monitored the mass gained of the broiler chickens to determine if there are any

changes through weighing every Friday of the week. Thenceforth, the researchers recorded the

data and classified the chickens through their weight gained. After recording, the researchers

compiled and analyzed the data to determine the weight gained of the broiler chickens with

deference to their treatments.

(Weight added of Chickens per replicate)

Weight of the Chicken =
(Number of Chickens)

As stated by Azevedo, Brockotter, Gupte, McDougal, and Vorotnikov (2013), attaining the

target mass at 7 days of development could help in obtaining the highest capacity out of broiler

chickens. The performance parameters namely the final live weight, feed conversion, and maintain

a low overall mortality would be improved if a 7-day live weight is achieved. It is highly suggested

with regards to measuring live weight, that it should be done on the 7th day of the week. During

that period of time, it holds importance especially towards the chicken's carcass, performance and

body composition. Furthermore, it is said by the management guidelines for the modern broiler

that there is an increase of live weight from approximately 40g-180g within that span of time.
 P a g e | 26

CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data gathered

from the performed experiment on the Growth Difference on using Madre-de-agua (tricantera

gigantea), banana (musa), and malunggay (moringa oleifera) as food supplement for Chicken

Production. Results and discussion are presented according to the problems and hypotheses of this

study.

Average Weights of the Treatment 1 (100% Commercial Feeds) Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens

Treatment 1 (Control) feed diet was given to Cobb 500 broiler chickens by the researchers

to determine the average weight gained of the broiler chickens. The numerical values are the

following:

Table 2. Average Weight per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 1 (Control) feed
diet
Replicate Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
1 351.6 g 750 g 893.3 g 1250 g
2 365 g 565 g 968.3 g 1450 g
3 366.6 g 655 g 980 g 1500 g
Mean 361.1 g 656.6 g 947.2 g 1400 g
8.237313478 92.51126058 47.04392 132.2876
Standard Deviation

The data in table 1 shows the different weight gain of broiler chicken in treatment 1 using

100% commercial feeds per week. Based on the table, week 5 has the highest mean value
 P a g e | 27

indicating the maximum weight that the chicken can gain in one week with a mean of 1,400g

having the highest weight of 1,500 g on replicate 3 which is the highest record weight value among

all the weeks of replication then 1450 g on replicate 2 and lastly 1,250 g on replicate 3.

The second highest average weight value of broiler chickens was in week 4 with a mean

value of 947.2 g. Its recorded weight is 980 g for replicate 3, 968.3 g on replicate 2 and 893.3 g on

replicate 1. Furthermore, the average weight value of broiler chickens in Week 3 is an average of

656.6 g with the weight measurement from highest to lowest are 750 g for replicate 1, 655 g for

replicate 3 and 565 g on replicate 2.

Lastly, the average weight value of chickens in week 2 with a recorded average weight

value of 361.1 g. Week 2 average weight values among all the trials with a weight value from

highest to lowest starting with 366.6 g for replicate 3, 365 g for replicate 2 and 351.6 g for replicate

1.

Average Weights of the Treatment 2 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua Leaves)

Cobb 500 chickens

Treatment 2 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua Leaves) feed diet was given

to Cobb 500 broiler chickens by the researchers to determine the average weight gained of the

broiler chickens. the feed treatment was adjusted to have 50% commercial feeds and 50%

Madre-de-Agua Leaves to induce better feed conversion compared to the initial feed treatment.

The numerical values are the following:

Table 3. Average Weight per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 2 (50%
Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua Leaves) feed diet
Trial No. Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
1 368.3 g 695 g 970 g 1400 g
2 371.6 g 630 g 956.6 g 1300 g
 P a g e | 28

3 361.6 g 730 g 863 g 1300 g

Mean 367.2 g 685 g 930 g 1333.33 g
Standard Deviation 4.16039528 41.43267632 47.59729217 47.14045208

The data in table unknown shows the different weight gain of broiler chickens in treatment

2 using 50% Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua Leaves per week. Based on the table, week

5 has the highest mean value indicating the maximum weight that the chicken can gain in one week

with a mean of 1,333.33 g having the highest weight of 1,400 g on replicate 1 which is the highest

record weight value among all the weeks of trial then 1300 g on replicate 2 and lastly 1,300 g on

replicate 3.

The average weight of broiler chickens on week 4 with a mean value of 930 g. Its recorded

weight is 863 g for replicate 3, 956.6 g on replicate 2 and 970 g on replicate 1. Furthermore, the

average weight value of broiler chickens in Week 3 is an average of 686 g with the weight

measurement of Week 3 are 695 g for replicate 1, 630 g for replicate 2 and 730 g on replicate 3.

Lastly, the average weight value of chickens in week 2 with a recorded average weight

value of 367.2 g. Week 2 average weight values among all the trials with a weight value on Week

2 are 368.3 g for replicate 1, 371.6 g for replicate 2 and 361.6 g for replicate 3.

Average Weights of the Treatment 3 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) Cobb
500 Broiler Chickens

Treatment 3 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) feed diet was given to Cobb

500 broiler chickens by the researchers to determine the average weight gained of the broiler

chickens. the feed treatment was adjusted to have 50% commercial feeds and 50% Banana fruit
 P a g e | 29

to induce better feed conversion compared to the initial feed treatment. The numerical values are

the following:

Table 4. Average Weight per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 3 (50%
Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) feed diet
Replicate Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5
1 343.3 g 650 g 980 g 1450 g
2 358.3 g 630 g 980 g 1350 g
3 361.6 g 740 g 955 g 1450 g
Mean 354.4 g 673.3 g 971.6 g 1416.6 g
Standard Deviation 7.963667497 47.84233365 11.78511302 47.14045208

The data in table unknown shows the different weight gain of broiler chickens in treatment

2 using 50% Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit per week. Based on the table, week 5 has the

highest mean value indicating the maximum weight that the chicken can gain in one week with a

mean of 1,416 g having the highest weight of 1,400 g on replicate 3 and replicate 1 which is the

highest record weight value among all the weeks of trial then 1350 g on trial 2.

The average weight of broiler chickens on week 4 with a mean value of 971.6 g. Its

recorded weight is 955 g for replicate 3, 980 g on replicate 2 and 980 g on replicate 1. Furthermore,

the average weight value of broiler chickens in Week 3 is an average of 673.3 g with the weight

measurement of Week 3 are 650 g for replicate 1, 740 g for replicate 3 and 630 g on replicate 2.

Lastly, the average weight value of chickens in week 2 with a recorded average weight

value of 354.4 g. Week 2 average weight values among all the trials with a weight value from

highest to lowest starting with 361.6 g for replicate 3, 358.3 g for replicate 2 and 343.3 g for

replicate 1.
 P a g e | 30

Significant Difference between the Final Weight of Broiler Chicken on Treatment 1,

Treatment 2, and Treatment 3 on Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens

Significant Difference between the final weight of the Three Feed Diet Treatments was

determined based from the gathered data on the average weight of the three different treatments.

To see the differences in weight of the different treatments, the averages of each week of each

treatment were compared to see which of the treatments yielded much higher weights and heavier

broiler chickens on a specific week, to determine the significant differences between the three data

sets. The numerical values are the following:

Graph 1. Average Weight per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 1, Treatment 2,

and Treatment 3

Average Weight of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens

Week 5

Week 4

Week 3

Week 2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Treatment 3 Treatment 2 Treatment 1

 P a g e | 31

To begin with in checking the data, we have compared three (3) treatments. Hence, the

information collected was further put to a statistical analysis. Regarding the average weight among

the three (3) treatments, it is evident that T3 with the concentration: 50% commercial feeds and

50% Banana fruit, holds the highest value compared to T1 and T2. However, for the final weight,

data shows that T3 with the concentration: 50% commercial feeds and 50% banana fruit surpassed

the other treatments with its yielded value.

Consequently, to sum it up, the concentrations added with various levels in T3 has a

significant beneficial impact towards the result of the livestock's average weights. In line with

this, the banana fruit was involved in the said treatment because aside from the fact that it can be

easily obtained, it possesses nutritional values. One of the many includes potassium, that helps

with stress, metabolism, electrolytic function (Howard, n.d.) that can be of importance as a

dietary supplement for livestock.

Treatment 3 is much better than Treatment 1 and 2 in terms of both the average final

weight of broiler chickens and the added weight from day 1 to harvest, thus, Treatment 3 with

50% commercial feeds and 50% Banana Fruit is a much better feed supplement to add to the

feed diet of Cobb 500 broiler chickens.

 P a g e | 32

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the summary, conclusions and recommendations of the study. These

findings and conclusions are summarized based on the results drawn from the gathered

information. Recommendations are offered to improve the efforts of emphasizing significant

difference between the three Feed Treatments of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens Feed Diet in terms of

differences in weight.

Summary

The objective of the study is to define and assess the differences of growth between broiler

chickens with food supplement applications and broiler chickens solely on differing feed

treatments on commercial feed diets.

The researchers bought the needed materials locally, such as building materials for the

Cobb 500 broiler chickens, chicken coop, commercial feeds (Integra 1000, 2000, and 3000),

fermentation jars and Molasses. The researchers started the experiment on the Cobb 500 broiler

chickens to determine the differences in weight gained.

The researchers employed differing feed treatments on the broiler chicken feed diets in

order to induce better feed conversion and better weight gain on broiler chickens. The researchers

employed the quantitative-experimental design and tested if there is a significant difference

 P a g e | 33

between the feed diets with feed supplements compared to the feed diet of purely commercial feeds

in terms of the weight gains and final weight of broiler chicken specimens.

The researchers performed an experiment on determining the average weight gain of

broiler chickens on the Treatment 1 (100% commercial feeds) and Treatments 2 (50% Commercial

Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) and 3 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua Leaves). Using

term of descriptive statistics, it was observed that Treatment 1 (100% commercial feeds) has an

average final weight of 1400 grams, Treatment 2 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua)

has an average final weight of 1333.33 grams, and Treatment 3 (50% Commercial Feeds-50%

Banana Fruit) has an average final weight of 1416.66 grams. It can be derived that Treatment 3

(50% Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) Feed Diet is shown to have the highest added weight

from day 1 to harvest and the highest average final weight of broiler chicken compared to

Treatment 1 and 2.

Conclusions

Based on the findings and supported related literature, the research study was theoretically

and empirically founded. The following conclusions were drawn.

1. The Treatment 3 (50% Commercial Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) feed diet is shown to have

much better Final weight compared to Treatments 1, and 2.

2. There is a significant difference in the chicken output during harvest given the three

diet formulations in terms of Final Weight.

\
 P a g e | 34

Recommendations

In the light of the foregoing and the conclusions of the study, the researchers recommend

the following:

1. The findings will be studied further to maximize the efficiency of feed diets with

organic feed supplements on broiler chickens.

2. The Banana Fruit will be studied further to find out which component will help aid

better food conversion and weight on broiler chickens.

3. Other organic feed supplements which can possibly be substituted for banana to

achieve better growth, feed conversion, and final weight be studied for further research.

4. This study must be repeated on native chickens and on layer chickens for further testing

of efficacy and new avenues of research.

5. Local backyard growers, small-scale and large-scale farm owners are encouraged to

apply the findings of this study to be used to augment their existing diets on chicken

production.
 P a g e | 35

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119, Issue 8, August 1989, Pages 1213–1222, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/119.8.1213
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Mateos, G. G., Lázaro, R., & Gracia, M. I. (2002). The feasibility of using nutritional
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 P a g e | 37

APPENDIX A: Materials

COR JESU COLLEGE, INC.

Sacred Heart Avenue, Digos City
Province of Davao del Sur
Philippines

Name of Students: BARQUILLA, CHRISTIE EMMANUELLE

CANOY, KRISTELLE MARIE
CASTRO, DOROTHY LOU
MORAL, DIANNE CHELSEA NICOLE
MORING, GREY LIAN
CONVOCAR, MIGUEL SALVADOR
PADUA, JESSERENE
RICAFRANCA, RETT CHRISTIAN
Degree Program: Basic Education Department

Science Research Title: DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFICACY OF A

CHICKEN FOOD SUPPLEMENT USING MADRE DE AGUA (Trichanthera gigantean)
AND LACATAN (Musa acuminata) AND MALUNGAY (Moringa oleifera) AS POTENT
COMPONENTS

PART I. For Editor

This is to certify that the above descriptive-experimental quantitative research study prepared as a
requirement for the subject was submitted to the undersigned for grammar checking and proof
reading. I endorse the manuscript submitted as it has generally met the standards and requirements,
including the form and style as prescribed by Cor Jesu College.

Signed: ________________________________ Date: _____________

PART II. For Statistician (if applicable)

I endorse the manuscript submitted by the students with the statistical requirements checked and
found appropriate for research purpose (s).
 P a g e | 38

Signed: LEMUEL M. SAYAO, MA Date: _____________

PART II. For Research Adviser Mentor

I am satisfied with the students’ manuscript and accept this in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for Practical Research III.

Signed: LEMUEL M. SAYAO, MA Date: _____________

P a g e | 39
 P a g e | 40

APPENDIX B: Materials

Figure 1. Weighing scale

Figure 2. Feeder
 P a g e | 41

Figure 3. Cage

Figure 4. Drinker
 P a g e | 42

Raw Data Results

Table 1. Weight gained per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 1 (Control) feed
diet.

Weight of Broiler
WEEK NO. 2 WEEK NO. 3 WEEK NO. 4 WEEK NO. 5
Chickens
Trial1 395 g 720 g 980 g 1400 g
Replication1 Trial2 400 g 790 g 730 g 1700 g
Trial3 260 g 740 g 970 g 1000 g
Trial1 365 g 620 g 960 g 1500 g
Replication2 Trial2 340 g 540 g 980 g 1500 g
Trial3 390 g 535 g 965 g 1250 g
Trial1 360 g 725 g 980 g 1500 g
Replication3 Trial2 340 g 680 g 980 g 1500 g
Trial3 398 g 560 g 980 g 1500 g

Table 2. Weight gained per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 2 (50% Commercial
Feeds-50% Banana Fruit) feed diet

Weight of Broiler
WEEK NO. 2 WEEK NO. 3 WEEK NO. 4 WEEK NO. 5
Chickens
Trial1 395 g 760 g 980 g 1300 g
Replication1 Trial2 345 g 680 g 980 g 1550 g
Trial3 365 g 645 g 980 g 1450 g
Trial1 340 g 660 g 980 g 1250 g
Replication2 Trial2 380 g 620 g 990 g 1450 g
Trial3 395 g 610 g 970 g 1350 g
Trial1 370 g 760 g 955 g 1450 g
Replication3 Trial2 365 g 720 g 955 g 1450 g
Trial3 350 g 710 g 955 g 1450 g

Table 3. Weight gained per week of Cobb 500 Broiler Chickens on Treatment 2 (50% Commercial
Feeds-50% Madre-de-Agua leaves) feed diet
 P a g e | 43

WEEK NO.
Weight of Broiler Chickens WEEK NO. 3 WEEK NO. 4 WEEK NO. 5
2
Trial1 320 g 710 g 970 g 1500 g
Replication1 Trial2 340 g 640 g 970 g 1300 g
Trial3 370 g 600 g 970 g 1300 g
Trial1 395 g 620 g 970 g 1300 g
Replication2 Trial2 345 g 590 g 970 g 1300 g
Trial3 335 g 680 g 930 g 1300 g
Trial1 340 g 760 g 770 g 1300 g
Replication3 Trial2 360 g 720 g 910 g 1300 g
Trial3 385 g 740 g 910 g 1300 g
 P a g e | 44

Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Christie Emmanuelle Ll. Barquilla

Gender: Female

Birth date: June 13, 2001

Birthplace: Digos City, Davao del Sur

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: 0482 Gallarde St.,Zone II, Digos City

PARENTS

Mother: Myhrra Fair Llanos-Barquilla Occupation: Government Employee

Father: Manuel B. Barquilla Occupation: Teacher

SIBLING(S)

Sister: Christie Fair Ll. Barquilla (deceased)

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: Cor Jesu College

Junior High School: Cor Jesu College

Elementary: Don Mariano Marcos Elementary School

 P a g e | 45

Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Kristelle Marie B. Canoy

Gender: Female
Birth date: January 21, 2002
Birthplace: Digos City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Samantha Homes Northern Paligue, Padada, Davao
del Sur

PARENTS
Mother: Filomena B. Canoy Occupation: College Teacher
Father: Arnold C. Canoy Occupation: Civil Engineer

SIBLINGS
Franz Mcnhold B. Canoy

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School: Cor Jesu College, Inc.
Junior High School: Digos City National High School and Saint Michael’s School of
Padada
Elementary: Padada Central Elementary School
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Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Dorothy Lou R. Castro

Gender: Female

Birth date: April 23, 2001

Birthplace: Digos City

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: Don Lorenzo Subdv., Tres de Mayo, Digos CIty

PARENTS

Mother: Dorothy II R. Castro Occupation: Businesswoman

Father: Roy S. Castro (Deceased)

SIBLINGS

None

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Junior High School: Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Elementary: Cor Jesu College, Inc.

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Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Miguel Salvador M. Convocar

Gender: Male

Birth date: March 21, 2002

Birthplace: Bunawan, Agusan del Sur

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: P-9, Poblacion, Sta. Josefa, Agusan del Sur

PARENTS

Mother: Miraluz M. Convocar Occupation: Veterinarian

Father: Rey Salvador F. Convocar Occupation: Farmer

SIBLINGS

Ira Gabrielle M. Convocar Toby M. Convocar

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Junior High School: Trento National High School

Elementary: Sta. Josefa Central Elementary School

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Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Dianne Chelsea Nicole A. Moral

Gender: Female

Birth date: September 25, 2001

Birthplace: Metro Manila, Quezon City

Religion: Roman Catholic

Address: Central Plains, Phase 1, Digos City

PARENTS

Mother: Lorraine A. Moral Occupation: Teacher

Father: Aldis James Neville R. Moral Occupation: Businessman

SIBLING(S)

Sister: Denise Carissa Gabrielle A. Moral

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: Cor Jesu College

Junior High School: Cor Jesu College

Elementary: Don Mariano Marcos Elementary School

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Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Grey Lian R. Moring

Gender: Female

Birth date: May 19, 2002

Birthplace: Digos city

Religion: Garden of Eden cathedral of praise

Address: Don Lorenzo homes, Tres de Mayo, Digos city

PARENTS

Mother: Lanie R. Moring Occupation: government employee

Father: Gray P. Moring Occupation: government employee

SIBLING(S)

Sister: Jibril R. Moring

Purple Lian R. Moing

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Senior High School: Cor Jesu College

Junior High School: Cor Jesu College

Elementary: Southwill Learning center

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Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jesserene L. Padua

Gender: Female
Birth date: February 2, 2002
Birthplace: Malita Davao Occidental
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Ticulon, Malita Davao Occidental

PARENTS
Mother: Irene L. Padua Occupation: Housewife
Father: Jesse T. Padua Jr. Occupation: Businessman

SIBLINGS
Cj L. Padua

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School: Cor Jesu College
Junior High School: Ticulon National High School
Elementary: Ticulon Elementary School
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Cor Jesu College, Inc.

Sacred Heart Avenue
Digos City

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Rett Christian A. Ricafranca

Gender: Male
Birth date: May 25, 2001
Birthplace: Digos City
Religion: Roman Catholic
Address: Samantha Homes Northern Paligue Padada Davao del Sur

PARENTS
Mother: Tiffany A. Ricafranca Occupation: Housewife
Father: Clint K. Ricafranca Occupation: Businessman

SIBLINGS
None

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Senior High School: Cor Jesu College, Inc.
Junior High School: Cor Jesu College, Inc.
Elementary: Padada Central Elementary School