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Mohsin Ali
Mohsin Ali
Membrane Separation
Membrane
Feed
Permeate
Particle or Solute
Molecule
Solvent
Pressure-driven
Operations
-Microfiltration (MF) -Ultrafiltration (UF)
-Nanofiltration (NF) -Reverse Osmosis (RO)
Pressure-driven Membrane
Processes
Morphology
Symmetric
Cylindrical Porous
Porous
Homogeneous
Asymmetric Composite
dense skin layer (0.1 to 0.5 m)
porous membrane (50 to 150 m)
Performance Parameters:
Membrane Materials
Polymeric membranes:
Polysulfone
Polyethersulfone
Polyphenylsulfone
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyethylene (PE)
Cellulose and Cellulose
acetates (CA)
Polyamide (PA)
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Polycarbonate (PC)
Polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA)
Ceramic membranes:
Aalumina
Titania
Zirconia
ATZ mix
Membrane Properties
Pure water permeability (PWP)
Pore size
Molecular Weight Cut-Off (MWCO)
Hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity
Surface/pore charge
Surface roughness
Chemical stability / chlorine tolerance
Types of
Membrane
Ino
For
aqueous
system
For nonaqueous
system
Organic Solvent
Resistant
Nanofiltration
Separation
Nanofiltratio
n
rga
ni
Me c
mb
ne ra M
s
ix
Ma ed
Me trix
Po mb
nly
mera
es
r
i
Me c
mb
ne ra
s
Permea
nce
Problem Statement
In industrial processes, Organic solvents are usually
wasted after the usage which do not cause only fatal
effects for environment but also it is waste of money
as these organic solvents are usually expensive.
The efficient recovery and re-use of these organic
solvents can provide a pathway to reduce pollution
and cost of processing.
Introduction
Organic
Solvents
Chemical
Industrie
s
Material recovery
from Dyeing Industry
Solvents and active
pharmaceutical
compounds recovery
Separation of
homogeneous
catalysts from
organic solvents
Separation of free
fatty acids from
vegetable oil
Separation of light
hydrocarbons
solvents from lube
oil
Fillers
Inorganic Filler
Polymer Matrix
Mesoporous
silica
Activated
carbons
Carbon
nanotubes
Layered silicates
TiO2
Iron oxides
Metal Organic
frameworks
(MOFs)
What is a MOF?
Porous:
molecular
sieving
effect
Why
MOFs?
Adsorbent
Why ?
ZIF-8
145
ZIF
Zeolite
Our
Approach:
Synthesis of ZIF-8
Synthesis of Polyimide
Supports
Synthesis of Composite
Mixed Matrix Membranes
(PDMS+ZIF-8)
PDMS
Dense top layer
ZIF-8
Synthesis of ZIF-8
Zn(NO3)2.6H2O + 2methylimidazole+
methanol
Stirring
(24 h)
Centrifugi
ng
Drying 120
C for 24 h
Stirrin
g
Asymmetric PI
Membrane
PI
solutio
n
Phase
Inversion
(water as
nonsolvent)
Polyimid
e
membra
ne
PDMS + nHexane+
Toluene
PDMS
Solution
PDMS
Solution
+ ZIF-8
60
Stirring
and
Sonicati
on
Coating
of
polyimid
e
membra
ne
Mixed
Matrix
SRNF
Membra
ne
Cont..
15 wt % ZIF-8
20 wt % ZIF-8
XRD Results:
This work
Reported
3
2
6
2
6
4 5
11
7 8
9
10
11
4
10
Zahmakiran, M., Iridium nanoparticles
stabilized by metal organic frameworks
(IrNPs@ ZIF-8): synthesis, structural properties
and catalytic performance. Dalton
Zn2p3
Counts / s
3.00E+05
2.00E+05
O1s
N1s C1s
1.00E+05
0.00E+00
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
FTIR Results:
Prominent peaks
in the range of
550-1550 cm-1
justify the
presence of C-C,
C-CH3, C-N
C=C, C=N come
into range of
1600-1800 cm-1
Some stretches
near 3600 cm-1
BET Results:
Material
Solvent
Surface
Pore
Referenc
used
Area
Volume
(m/g)
(cm3/g)
ZIF-8
Methanol
1258
0.60
This work
ZIF-8
Water
620
0.25
[1]
ZIF-8
Methanol
962
0.36
[2]
ZIF-8
Water
1079
0.31
[3]
[1] Cravillon, J., et al., Rapid room-temperature synthesis and characterization of nanocrystals of a prototypical zeolitic
imidazolate framework. Chemistry of Materials, 2009. 21(8): p. 1410-1412.
[2] Gross, A.F., E. Sherman, and J.J. Vajo, Aqueous room temperature synthesis of cobalt and zinc sodalite zeolitic
imidizolate frameworks. Dalton transactions, 2012. 41(18): p. 5458-5460.
[3] Pan, Y., et al., Rapid synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanocrystals in an aqueous system.
Testing Setup:
Stainless steel
dead-end filtration
cell (Sterlitech,
USA) with 0.00146
m2 active
membrane area
Feed pressure =
10 bar
Nitrogen as carrier
gas
Feed solution of
Congo red dye
Retention Study
Congo Red Dye:
Isopropyl alcohol:
Isopropyl alcohol was
used as solvent
Molecular mass= 60.1
g/mol
Molecular size= 16.05
Cont..
22% increase in retention was observed
ZIF-8
wt % loading in PDMS
Retention %
56
57
10
68
15
75
20
87
Permeance Study
24 % increase in permeance was observed
ZIF-8 loading in PDMS
Permeance
(10 bar)
wt %
l/h m2 bar
3.15
3.65
10
3.75
15
4.05
20
4.16
Swelling Study
Toluene and IPA were used for swelling tests
Physically crosslinking of filler with the polymeric chains of PDMS decreased
the degree of swelling.
0.4 0.35
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
0
Swelling in IPA (ml/g)
0.34
0.28
0.32
0.3
0.9
0.88
0.86
0.84
0.82
0.8
0.78
0.76
0.74
0.72
0.7
0.81
0.77
0.89
0.86
0.77
Conclusions