THERMODYNAMICS & FLUID

(BMT 2133)
ASSIGNMENT 2

NAME : MOHD HISYAMUDDIN BIN SULAIMAN(15B03017)

KHAIRUL IRWAN FIKRI BIN MOHAMMAD(14B03002)
MUHAMMAD FITRI ASYRAF BIN MOHD ARIFFIN(15B03011)
LECTURERS NAME : MR WAN AZMAN BIN WAN ABDULLAH

a)

In what forms can energy cross the

boundaries of a closed system.

)Energy

can cross the boundaries of a closed

system in the form of heat and work.

)Energy

is recognized as heat transfer only as

it crosses the system boundary.

)Work

is a form of energy transfer associated

with a force acting through a distance.

b) State and explain 3 mechanisms of heat transfer

Conduction: The transfer of energy from the more
energetic particles of a substance to the adjacent
less energetic ones as a result of interaction
between particles.
Convection: The transfer of energy between a solid
surface and the adjacent fluid that is in motion, and
it involves the combined effects of conduction and
fluid motion
Radiation: The transfer of energy due to the
emission of electromagnetic waves (or photons).

c) A fan is to accelerate air to a velocity of 8m/s at a

rate 9m3/s. Determine the minimum power that
must be supplied to the fan. Take the density air to be
1.18 kg/m3.

Velocity, V = 8 m/s

Volume flow rate, = 9m3/s

Density of air, = 1.18 kg/m3

Ein

= Eout

Minimum
Mass

power in, in = x V2/2

flow rate, = = (1.18 kg/m3) x (9 m3/s)

= 10.62 kg/s

Minimum power in, in = x V2)/2

=
= 339.84 Watt

Figure 1
The water in a large lake is to be used to generate electricity
by installing a hydraulic turbine-generator at a location where
the depth of the water is 50 m as shown in Figure 1. Water is
to be supplied at a rate of 5000 kg/s. If the electric power
generated is measured to be 1862 kW and the generator
efficiency is 95 percent, determine
i.

The overall efficiency of the turbine-generator

ii.

The mechanical efficiency of the turbine

iii.

The shaft power supplied by the turbine to the generator

generator = 95 % = 0.95

1.

Assumed the elevation of the lake remains

constant.

2.

The mechanical energy of water at the

turbine exit is negligible.

3.

The density of water, 1000 kg/ m3.

4.

Power out, out = 1862kW

i.

The overall efficiency of the turbine-generator

overall =
|Emech, fluid| = (emech, in emech, out)
emech, in - emech, out =
490.5 m2/s2
490.5 m2/s2 x

- 0 = gh = (9.81 m/s2)(50 m) =

= 0.491 kJ/kg

E mech, fluid| = (emech, in emech, out)

= (5000 kg/s)(0.491 kJ/kg)

= 2455 kW

overall =
=

0.76

ii.

The mechanical efficiency of the turbine

overall

turbine

turbine

overall / generator

generator

= 0.76 / 0.95
= 0.80
iii.

The shaft power supplied by the turbine to the

generator

Wshaft,out

turbine |Emech,fluid|

= (0.80)(2455W)
= 1964 kW

Thank you