LANGKAH-LANGKAH UJI

HIPOTESIS
Erlina Ambarwati

Daniels example 7.2.1: Is the mean age of

certain population 30 years?

Nature of the data: scales of measurement

Random sample of 10 individuals drawn from

population of interest, sample mean x=27

01/17/17

Erlina Ambarwati

Normality of the population distribution

Equality of variances
Independence of samples
Sample size compared to population size

Ages come from an approximately normal

distribution
Assume that population variance 2=20

01/17/17

Erlina Ambarwati

Null hypothesis: Ho
To be tested (no difference). Set up to be discredited.
Should contain a statement of equality. Result: it is
rejected or not rejected
Alternative hypothesis: Ha
Usually the research hypothesis, what you hope or expect
to be able to conclude
They are mutually exclusive (only one true) and
exhaustive (cover all possibilities)
Ho: =30 vs. Ha: 30
We could also ask:

Ho: 30 vs. Ha: >30

Ho: 30 vs. Ha: <30
01/17/17

Erlina Ambarwati

Statistic computed from the data based on the parameter

of interest
Examples: z-test or t-test for means and proportions, F-test
for variances.
It can assume many possible values = f(sample drawn)
Its distribution is based on the value under the null
hypothesis
Relevant statistic hypothesized parameter
General
formula:
Test statistics =
Standard error of statistic

x o

~ N ( 0 ,1 )
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Erlina Ambarwati

Rule that specifies the conditions under which Ho may be

rejected
i.e. rejects if statistic exceeds certain value of the null
distribution
We know for N(0,1), 1.96 is a large value since
approximately 95% of the values are
within 1.96
Areaincluded
= .95
and 1.96
Area =.025

Area =.025

rejection region 27.23 =30 32.77 rejection region

0
non-rejection region

01/17/17

Erlina Ambarwati

Ho is
Decision
Fail to reject Ho
Reject Ho

True

False

Correct
Type I error:

Correct

Area = .95

x o

Type II error:

27 30

2 .1 2
n
20 /10
Area =.025

Area =.025

27.23
-1.96 0=0
24.2
X=27 29.8
Z=-2.12
01/17/17

32.77
1.96

Erlina Ambarwati

If Ho rejected -> Ha is true, otherwise Ho may be true

In this case z = -2.12, it is more extreme than 1.96 (the z
value for a significance level of =0.05), i.e. it is in the
rejection region
Conclusion: Ho is rejected -> 30 based on this sample
P-value: probability of observing a value as extreme as or
more extreme than the one obtained when Ho is true
In this example: p=2*P(z<-2.12)=2(0.017)=0.034<0.05

01/17/17

Erlina Ambarwati

Ho: 30 vs. Ha: <30

Change is in the statistical decision given that the
threshold change
Area = .95

Area
=.05

rejection region 27.7

0=30
non-rejection region

In our example for a=0.05 one side correspond to 1.64 ->

<30
Back to uji hipotesis

01/17/17

Erlina Ambarwati