Assalamu-alaikum

DR. TAJAMMUL
AHMED

IMPRESSIONS & TECHNIQUES IN FIXED

PARTIAL DENTURE

Impression
GPT-8

Impression : a negative likeness or

copy in reverse of the surface of an
object; an imprint of the teeth and
adjacent structures for use in
dentistry.

Considerations
Considerations for
for
Precision
Precision Impression
Impression Taking
Taking
Before

Impression Making (Extra-oral):

- Easy to mix
- Long working time
During

Impression Making (Intra-oral):

- Hydrophilic
- Ability to flow around preparation without slumping
- Detail-capturing
- Snap set
- Good taste & odor

 Upon

Removal from Mouth:

- Easy to remove
- High tear strength
- Good recovery from deformation
After

Impression Making (Storage):

- Dimensional stability
- Easy to read
- Can be disinfected

 During

Pouring:
- Compatibility with gypsum
- Reproduction of details (ADA Specification 19:
microns)

- Ability for multiple pouring

20

CLASSIFICATION OF IMPRESSION MATERIAL

Nonelastic
Elastic
Hydrocolloids Synthetic elastomers
Waxes, gums, resins
Plaster of paris
Zinc oxide eugenol

Agar-Agar

Alginate

Polysulphides

Condensation-silicone
(Type I silicone)

Impression compound

Polyether

Eugenol-free paste

Addition silicone
(Type II silicone)

ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS

Depending on viscosity
Light body
Medium body / regular body
Heavy body
Putty

Reversible hydrocolloid (Agar-Agar) :

Introduced by Sears 1937
First elastic impression material
Longest continuous use
Available as :
Tray material
Syringe material

Hydrocolloid conditioning with three baths : liquefying, storage and tempering

Tubes and cartridges of

hydrocolloid placed in
liquefying bath

Tubes and cartridges of

Tray filled with
hydrocolloid transferred from impression material
liquefying bath to storage bath placed in tempering bath

Cartridge of liquefied hydrocolloid

is removed from storage bath
Cartridge of impression material
is loaded into syringe

Blunt needle is attached to

impression syringe

Irreversible hydrocolloid (Alginate) :

During World War II
Salt of alginic acid (anhydro d mannuronic acid)
Available as :
Dust free alginate
Chromatic indicator

ELASTOMERIC IMPRESSION MATERIALS

Accuracy / Detail capture :
ADA No. 19 fine detail of 25m
PVS impression material best
Reversible hydrocolloid least
Reproduction of fine detail of gypsum die materials 50 m
Lower the viscosity Increased fine detail
Putty material reported fine detail of 75m

Tear strength:
Measures the resistance to fracture of an elastomeric material
subjected to tensile force acting perpendicular to a surface flaw.
Point of consideration Interproximal, subgingival areas
Slot and groove

Polymerized material
in the gingival crevice

Torn material during

removal

Hydrophilic group
Hydrocolloids
Polyether

Works in wet environment

(blood and saliva)

Hydrophobic group
Polysuphide
C silicone
A silicone (PVS)

Resistant to wetting (repelled by

hemorrhage or tissue fluids)

Readily wettable by the gypsum Not readily wettable by the gypsum

CONTAMINATION
Inhibition of polymerization of PVS impression material.
Direct inhibition
Direct contact with latex gloves
Impression are made with rubber dam in place
Mechanism of inhibition Element sulphur react with
chloroplatinic acid catalyst present in PVS impression material.
Indirect inhibition
Indirect contact of tooth and periodontal tissues during tooth
preparation and gingival displacement procedure.
Limited to small isolated areas

Unpolymerized material remain

adherent to prepared tooth surface

Contaminated surface will be slippery and sticky to touch

Clinical consideration :
Use of non latex gloves Vinyl gloves
Polyethene gloves
Avoid touching the tooth preparation and gingival areas
Avoid handling retraction cord with gloved hands.

TRAY SELECTION AND PREPARATION OF THE TRAY

Tray should be rigid.
Dimensionally stable.
Resist the deformation (loading heavy body material).
Provides the space for optimal thickness.
Plastic vs metal stock trays

Tray should be 2-3mm thick to ensure sufficient rigidity.

Incorporation of stops
Guide the clinician for positive seating
Three widely spaced stops
Non functional cusp of unprepared teeth, edentulous areas
or the palate.

Tin foil or aluminium foil should be used over the wax spacer to
prevent decrease in adhesive bond

Adhesion of the impression material to the tray

For accurate impression proper adherence to the tray
Tray adhesive composition
poly dimethyl siloxane and ethyl silicate.

Adequate mixing and loading :

Earlier materials base and catalyst tubes

Present materials cartridges with mixing tips

Gun like dispenser
Automixing system :
Lesser inherent voids
Extend the essential working time
Reduced waste
Uniformity in proportioning

ELECTRIC MACHINE DEVICE

(Dynamic Mechanical Mixer)

Provides uniform mix with touch of a button

Far fewer voids in the set elastomers

IMPRESSION TECHNIQUES

AGAR IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE

Armamentarium :

Tray and syringe

material
Water cooled trays

Conditioning unit

Procedure :

Tray material

Syringe material

Loaded tray in
tempering bath

Dentate arch is
flooded with water

Water cooling tubes

connected to seated
tray

Completed
impression

Disadvantages
Dimensionally unstable / distortion during gelation
Initial expenditure for instruments
Multiple pouring is not possible

ALGINATE IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE

Clinical interest :
For the study cast / diagnostic cast diagnostic wax up
mock preparations
For interim restoration (temporization)
Clinical considerations
Tray selection

Perforated metal / rigid plastic trays

Tray adhesive

Perforations insufficient
To prevent detachment of impression,
Extend 2-3 mm outer surface

Loading the tray

Sectional placement

Wet gloved finger

Making the impression

HYDROCOLLOID LAMINATE TECHNIQUE

ALGINATE AGAR METHOD

Prepared tooth
surfaces

Injection of reversible
hydrocolloid

Combined alginate agar impression

Stock tray with chilled

alginate

Master cast

Critical to success bond between agar and alginate

Advantages :
Satisfactory surface reproduction
Good wettability (smooth, dense model)
Simple conditioning (no tempering bath / water cooled trays)
More economical
Disadvantages :
The bond between agar and alginate is not sound
Higher viscosity alginate displaces agar hydrocolloid

PUTTY WASH IMPRESSION TECHNIQUES

(Stock tray impression technique)
One stage or one step putty wash impression
(Simultaneous technique / squash technique)
In this technique putty and wash are recorded simultaneously
Disadvantage :
Difficult to control thickness of wash material
Higher viscosity material displaces the wash material
- Critical areas captured in putty rather than light body

Setting distortion of the putty add to over all distortion of

impression

TWO STAGE OR TWO STEP PUTTY WASH

TECHNIQUE
Two step unspaced impression technique
Preoperative putty impression is recorded
Preset putty impression is relined with thin layer of wash
Two step spaced impression technique
Preoperative putty impression is made
Space for the light body wash material is provided to reline
the putty

DUAL PHASE IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE

(Multiple mix technique, laminate single impression
technique, custom tray impression technique)
Two consistencies
Light body syringe material
(wash type)
Heavy body tray material

Custom tray with 23mm space

Tray material will force the light

body material into the gingival
sulci and preparation detail

ADVANTAGES
Uniform thickness of impression material (2-3 mm)
Viscosities of 2 materials reduces drags and improves the

blending of 2 phases.
Good marginal definition.
Less impression material is required.

DISADVANTAGES
Construction of custom tray (time / cost)
Differential shrinkage

Monophase impression technique

(Single viscosity technique)
Medium viscosity polyether or addition silicone
Used as both tray material and syringe material
Custom tray with 3 mm spacer
Depends on pseudoplastic property
DISADVANTAGES
Reduced ability to flow into intra coronal features and gingival
crevice
Greater amount of polymerization shrinkage compared to heavy body
Surface reproduction may not be as good as light body material

Copper band or tube method

The copp

Copper band with orentation holes

Evaluating the fit of the copper band

Copper band contoured

Copper band with the final impression

Close bite double arch method .

synonyms: dual quad tray, double arch ,triple arch,

accu-bite, closed mouth impression.

Close bite double arch method .

synonyms: dual quad tray, double arch ,triple

arch, accu-bite, closed mouth impression.

Close bite double arch method .

synonyms: dual quad tray, double arch ,triple

arch, accu-bite, closed mouth impression.

Closed mouth impression

FLAWS RELATED TO IMPRESSION TECHNIQUE

Visible flaws :
Finish line not visible Inadequate gingival displacement
Gingival inflammation and bleeding
Crevicular fluid and heamorrhage

Poor moisture
control

Dry field

Air bubbles / voids in critical areas

Mixing
Syringing
Keep syringe tip in expressed
material
Start syringing from distal
interproximal area (distoligual)
Fill the base of grooves, boxes first
Tray loading and tray seating

Drags
Reason :
Poor flow of putty
Premature syringe of impression material
Poor bond between the tray and syringe material
Unset / unpolymerized impression material contamination
INVISIBLE FLAWS
Tray and impression recoil
Permanent deformation
Detachment of impression from the trays

DISINFECTIONS OF IMPRESSIONS
To prevent exposure and cross infection
Disinfection before poring the cast.
Disinfection methods :
Spray-on disinfectants
Immersion of impression in chemical disinfectant (Submerged /
soaking)
Types of chemical disinfectant used :
Chlorine compounds
Synthetic phenolic compounds
Glutaraldehyde
Idophores
Combination of phenols and alcohols

 If an impression has not been disinfected, or if the laboratory has

no assurance that an appropriate disinfection protocol was
followed, it is necessary to disinfect the stone cast.
ADA recommends the use of

1: 2.13 dilution of iodophor

1: 10 dilution of sodium hypochlorite

Stone cast be disinfected by
Spraying until wet
Immersing for the time recommended for tuberculocidal
disinfection.

CaviCide
A
broad-spectrum
tuberculocidal
disinfectant
decontaminant cleaner that effectively kills TB (in 5
minutes) and HBV (in 3 minutes).

CaviWipes
Durable, non-woven, nonabrasive
saturated with CaviCide.

towels

pre-

Conclusion

Thankyou