Pemeriksaan

Fisik Umum

KU

: Tampak Sakit ringan/sedang/berat

GCS :
TD : HR : RR :
K/L : an -/-, ict -/Tho : S1, S2 single, m(-), g(-)
c/ ictus invisible palpable at ICS V MCL (S)
p/ves rh -/-, wh -/Abd :

BU :

Ext : akral, ed , CRT<2

Skeletal

sistem :

tulang
sendi
otot
Tendons
nerves

All that makes it move

 Awal

melihat pasien:

Appearance
Posture
Gait
General

attitude

Pemeriksaan Gait
Gait cycle
A. Stance phase
B. Swing phase
Minta

60%

pasien berjalan
Amati gaya berjalan

Examination of the affected

parts
Undressed
Both

limb must be exposed

Examine the good limb, then the bad
The system we used is simple but
comprehensive:

First we LOOK
Then we FEEL
Then we MOVE

LOOK

Skin
looking for specific
features:

Scars
Color : blueness, redness
Creases

Shape

Swelling
Wasting
Lump
Bone bent

LOOK

Position

A characteristic attitude of the limb

deformity :
Person
Bone
Joint
Special terms:

Varus & Valgus

Kyphosis & Lordosis
scoliosis

FEEL

The skin
Warm or cold, moist or dry, and sensation

The soft tissues

Lump, what are characteristics
Pulses

The bones and joints

The outlines
Bony lumps, what are characteristics
The synovium
Joint fluid

Tenderness

Important
Watch the patient face

MOVE
Normal

movement

The ROM is recorded in degrees,

Starting from zero (neutral or anatomical
position of the joint)

The common planes of

movements:
Flexion/extension

(sagittal

plane)
Adduction/abduction (coronal
plane)
External rotation/internal
rotation (longitudinal axis)
Pronation/supination (rotatory
movements only for forearm
and the foot)
Circumduction (composite
movement only for ball-andsocket joints (hip, shoulder))

MOVE
Active

Smooth & rhythmic

Hesitant & painful
Limitation

Passive

Record the range of movement in each

physiological plane

Abnormal

Instability of joint
False movement

Tone & power

Increase tone (spasticity) UMN disorders

rigidity Parkinson's disease

Decrease tone (flaccidity) LMN disorders

example poliomyelitis
Muscle power is usually graded on the
Medical research Council scale:

Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade
Grade

0
1
2
3
4
5

no movement
only a flicker of movement
movement with gravity eliminated
movement against gravity
movement against resistance
normal power

Menilai lengan

Sendi jari

Inspeksi, palpasi
Gerakan jari: abduksi-adduksi
Ibu jari : fleksi, ekstensi, aposisi

Pergelangan tangan

Dorsofleksi , fleksi palmar

Deviasi ulnar, deviasi radial
Supinasi, pronasi

 Sendi

Fleksi, ekstensi,
supinasi, pronasi

Sendi

siku

bahu

Inspeksi, palpasi
Abduksi, adduksi,
fleksi, ekstensi
Rotasi eksternal, rotasi internal

Menilai tungkai
Inspeksi,
Sendi

jari kaki

Dorsofleksi, ekstensi

Sendi

palpasi

Pergelangan kaki

Dorsofleksi, plantarfleksi
Eversi, inversi

 Sendi

Lutut

Inspeksi
Palpasi
Fleksi , hiperekstensi
Patelar tap test
Pemeriksaan ligament collateral medial
Pemeriksaan ligament collateral lateral
Pemeriksaan ligament cruciatum anterior
dan posterior

 Sendi

Pinggul

Fleksi, ekstensi
Abduksi, adduksi
Rotasi internal, rotasi eksternal

Menilai tulang belakang

Sendi

Fleksi, ekstensi,
rotasi,
fleksi lateral

Sendi

vertebra cervicalis

vertebra thoracolumbalis

Fleksi, ekstensi, rotasi, fleksi lateral

Inspeksi, adanya skoliosis, hiperlordosis

 Tes

schobers test

Identifikasi dimple of venus

Tarik garis lurus
Diukur 10 cm ke atas dan 5 cm ke bawah,
ditandai
Pasien membungkuk, lalu diukur jarak
tanda tadi

 Gaenseln

sign

Pasien terlentang
Kedua lutut fleksi
Tubuh digeser ke pinggit meja periksa dan
gluteus yang di tepi dilakukan
hyperekstensi dengan menjatuhkan
tungkai